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Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10907

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ali

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Guest Editor

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Interests: thermal sciences and heat transfer with a focus on electronics cooling; condensation; nanofluids; heat transfer devices; thermal management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermal systems are the core of many industrial, commercial and domestic applications. With the advancement in technology, we are now able to optimize such thermal systems with ever-increasing capability. Thermal systems use various modes of heat transfer such as conduction, convection and radiation. For convection, single- and two-phase flow mechanisms of heat-transfer-based thermal systems are important for enhancing heat transfer. Therefore, to advance the effectiveness and energy efficiency of such thermal systems, nanomaterials play a vital role. This Special Issue will specifically focus on the nanomaterials that directly influence the performance of thermal systems and enhance heat transfer. This Special Issue includes, but is not limited to the following topics: nanoparticles, nanocoatings, nanoencapsulated materials, nanoporous materials, phase-change materials, nanofluids, hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, active and passive heat transfer devices, heat sinks and nanotechnology-based thermal systems. The application areas of nanomaterials that will be covered include, but are not limited to, power plants, desalination systems, electronics systems, photovoltaics, buildings, automotives, heat exchangers, etc. This Special Issue welcomes numerical, experimental, mathematical and case-study-based papers. Critical review articles written by experts in the field will also be considered after the prior approval of the editor.

Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Guest Editor

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Keywords

nanomaterials
thermal systems
active
passive
phase-change materials
nanoparticles
nanofluids
advanced materials
energy
thermal management

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Time-Dependent Rheology of Sutterby Nanofluid Transport across a Rotating Cone with Anisotropic Slip Constraints and Bioconvection

by Sohaib Abdal, Imran Siddique, Khadijah M. Abualnaja, Saima Afzal, Mohammed M. M. Jaradat, Zead Mustafa and Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(17), 2902; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12172902 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1267

Abstract

The purpose and novelty of our study include the scrutinization of the unsteady flow and heat characteristics of the unsteady Sutterby nano-fluid flow across an elongated cone using slip boundary conditions. The bioconvection of gyrotactic micro-organisms, Cattaneo–Christov, and thermal radiative fluxes with magnetic fields are significant physical aspects of the study. Anisotropic constraints on the cone surface are taken into account. The leading formulation is transmuted into ordinary differential formate via similarity functions. Five coupled equations with nonlinear terms are resolved numerically through the utilization of a MATLAB code for the Runge–Kutta procedure. The parameters of buoyancy ratio, the porosity of medium, and bioconvection Rayleigh number decrease x-direction velocity. The slip parameter retard y-direction velocity. The temperature for Sutterby fluids is at a hotter level, but its velocity is vividly slower compared to those of nanofluids. The temperature profile improves directly with thermophoresis, v-velocity slip, and random motion of nanoentities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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13 pages, 1110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Thermal Distribution for Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Maxwell Sutterby Nanofluids over a Radiated Extending Surface

by Wen Wang, Mohammed M. M. Jaradat, Imran Siddique, Abd Allah A. Mousa, Sohaib Abdal, Zead Mustafa and Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(11), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111834 - 27 May 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

This study addresses thermal transportation associated with dissipated flow of a Maxwell Sutterby nanofluid caused by an elongating surface. The fluid passes across Darcy–Forchheimer sponge medium and it is affected by electromagnetic field applied along the normal surface. Appropriate similarity transforms are employed to convert the controlling partial differential equations into ordinary differential form, which are then resolved numerically with implementation of Runge–Kutta method and shooting approach. The computational analysis for physical insight is attempted for varying inputs of pertinent parameters. The output revealed that the velocity of fluid for shear thickening is slower than that of shear thinning. The fluid temperature increases directly with Eckert number, and parameters of Cattaneo–Christov diffusion, radiation, electric field, magnetic field, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The Nusselt number explicitly elevated as the values of radiation and Hartmann number, as well as Brownian motion, improved. The nanoparticle volume fraction diminishes against Prandtl number and Lewis number. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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22 pages, 8967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer Attributes of Gold–Silver–Blood Hybrid Nanomaterial Flow in an EMHD Peristaltic Channel with Activation Energy

by Basma Souayeh, Katta Ramesh, Najib Hdhiri, Essam Yasin, Mir Waqas Alam, Kawthar Alfares and Amina Yasin

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101615 - 10 May 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

The heat enhancement in hybrid nanofluid flow through the peristaltic mechanism has received great attention due to its occurrence in many engineering and biomedical systems, such as flow through canals, the cavity flow model and biomedicine. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to discuss the hybrid nanofluid flow in a symmetric peristaltic channel with diverse effects, such as electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD), activation energy, gyrotactic microorganisms and solar radiation. The equations governing this motion were simplified under the approximations of a low Reynolds number (LRN), a long wavelength (LWL) and Debye–Hückel linearization (DHL). The numerical solutions for the non-dimensional system of equations were tackled using the computational software Mathematica. The influences of diverse physical parameters on the flow and thermal characteristics were computed through pictorial interpretations. It was concluded from the results that the thermophoresis parameter and Grashof number increased the hybrid nanofluid velocity near the right wall. The nanoparticle temperature decreased with the radiation parameter and Schmidt number. The activation energy and radiation enhanced the nanoparticle volume fraction, and motile microorganisms decreased with an increase in the Peclet number and Schmidt number. The applications of the current investigation include chyme flow in the gastrointestinal tract, the control of blood flow during surgery by altering the magnetic field and novel drug delivery systems in pharmacological engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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20 pages, 11292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discharge Enhancement in a Triple-Pipe Heat Exchanger Filled with Phase Change Material

by Yongfeng Ju, Roohollah Babaei-Mahani, Raed Khalid Ibrahem, Shoira Khakberdieva, Yasir Salam Karim, Ahmed N. Abdalla, Abdullah Mohamed, Mustafa Z. Mahmoud and Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1605; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091605 - 09 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2213

Abstract

This study aims to study the discharging process to verify the influence of geometry modifications and heat transfer flow (HTF) patterns on the performance of a vertical triplex-tube latent heat container. The phase change material (PCM) is included in the middle tube, where the geometry is modified using single or multi-internal frustum tubes instead of straight tubes to enhance the discharging rate. The effects of the HTF flow direction, which is considered by the gravity and opposite-gravity directions, are also examined in four different cases. For the optimal geometry, three scenarios are proposed, i.e., employing a frustum tube for the middle tube, for the inner tube, and at last for both the inner and middle tubes. The effects of various gap widths in the modified geometries are investigated. The results show the advantages of using frustum tubes in increasing the discharging rate and reducing the solidification time compared with that of the straight tube unit due to the higher natural convection effect by proper utilization of frustum tubes. The study of the HTF pattern shows that where the HTF direction in both the inner and outer tubes are in the gravity direction, the maximum discharging rate can be achieved. For the best configuration, the discharge time is reduced negligibly compared with that for the system with straight tubes which depends on the dimensions of the PCM domain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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18 pages, 6329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrothermal and Entropy Investigation of Nanofluid Mixed Convection in Triangular Cavity with Wavy Boundary Heated from below and Rotating Cylinders

by Bellakhdar Mohamed Cherif, Aissa Abderrahmane, Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed, Naef A. A. Qasem, Obai Younis, Riadh Marzouki, Jae Dong Chung and Nehad Ali Shah

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1469; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091469 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1690

Abstract

Nanofluids have become important working fluids for many engineering applications as they have better thermal properties than traditional liquids. Thus, this paper addresses heat transfer rates and entropy generation for a Fe₃O₄/MWCNT-water hybrid nanoliquid inside a three-dimensional triangular porous cavity with a rotating cylinder. The studied cavity is heated by a hot wavy wall at the bottom and subjected to a magnetic field. This problem is solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). The influential parameters considered are the rotating cylinder speed, Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), and undulation number of the wavy wall. The results showed that higher Da and lower Ha values improved the heat transfer rates in the cavity, which was demonstrated by a higher Nusselt number and flow fluidity. The entropy generation due to heat losses was also minimized for the enhanced heat transfer rates. The decrease in Ha from 100 and 0 improved the heat transfer by about 8%, whereas a high rotational speed and high Da values yield optimal results. For example, for Ω = 1000 rad/s and Da = 10⁻², the enhancement in the average Nusselt number is about 38% and the drop in the Bejan number is 65% compared to the case of Ω = 0 rad/s and Da = 10⁻⁵. Based on the applied conditions, it is recommended to have a high Da, low Ha, one undulation for the wavy wall, and high rotational speed for the cylinder in the flow direction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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17 pages, 4173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrothermal and Entropy Investigation of Nanofluid Natural Convection in a Lid-Driven Cavity Concentric with an Elliptical Cavity with a Wavy Boundary Heated from Below

by Aiman Alshare, Aissa Abderrahmane, Kamel Guedri, Obai Younis, Muhammed Fayz-Al-Asad, Hafiz Muhammed Ali and Wael Al-Kouz

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091392 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 1921

Abstract

This work investigates mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity. This cavity is filled with nanofluid and subjected to a magnetic field. The concentric ovoid cavity orientation

(γ),

0–90°, and undulation number (N), 1–4, are considered. The Richardson number (Ri) [...] Read more.

This work investigates mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity. This cavity is filled with nanofluid and subjected to a magnetic field. The concentric ovoid cavity orientation

(γ),

0–90°, and undulation number (N), 1–4, are considered. The Richardson number (Ri) varies between 1 and 100. The nanofluid volume fraction (

φ

) ranges between 0 and 0.08%. The effect of the parameters on flow, thermal transport, and entropy generation is illustrated by the stream function, isotherms, and isentropic contours. Heat transfer is augmented and the Nusselt number rises with higher Ri,

γ

, N, and

φ

. The simulations show that the heat transfer is responsible for entropy generation, while frictional and magnetic effects are marginal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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Review

Jump to: Research

43 pages, 6013 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Nanofluids for Machining Processes: A Comprehensive Review

by Aoha Roohi Amin, Ahsan Ali and Hafiz Muhammad Ali

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4214; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234214 - 27 Nov 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2795

Abstract

According to the demand of the present world, as everything needs to be economically viable and environment-friendly, the same concept applies to machining operations such as drilling, milling, turning, and grinding. As these machining operations require different lubricants, nanofluids are used as lubricants according to the latest technology. This paper compares different nanofluids used in the same machining operations and studies their effects. The variation in the nanofluid is based on the type of the nanoparticle and base fluid used. These nanofluids improve the lubrication and cooling in the machining operations. They also aid in the improvement in the surface roughness, cutting forces, cutting temperature of the workpiece, and tool life in the overall process taking place. It is worth noting that nanofluids are more effective than simple lubricating agents. Even within the nanofluid, the hybrid type is the most dominating, and helps to obtain a maximum efficiency through certain machining processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Solutions for Thermal Systems)

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