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Nanomaterials
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Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
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Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 9057

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Camille Larue

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Guest Editor
Laboratoire d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Interests: environmental toxicology; soil; plants; trophic chain; engineered nanomaterials; heavy metals; plastics; imaging; spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For more than a decade, nanotechnologies have attracted the interest of industrials and scientists throughout the world. The number of commercial goods publicly reported to contain nanomaterials has increased from 54 in 2005 to 3639 in 2020 in all fields of everyday life. Among those, TiO2 nanoparticles are one of the most used, appearing in about 25% of products. TiO2 has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the European Commission as potentially carcinogenic (by inhalation). The expansion of TiO2 nanoparticle usage inevitably leads to an increased dissemination in both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. If a lot of knowledge has already been gathered about TiO2 nanoparticle fate in simplified environments, a lot of questions still remain open: their fate in more complex environments (with the use of micro and mesocosms), the transfer in the trophic chains, the impact of their crystalline phase, the interactions with other environmental contaminants, and the appropriate techniques to detect and characterize them in the environment, among others.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials is thus dedicated to showcasing the last advances made toward answering the question of TiO2 nanoparticle ecotoxicity.

Dr. Camille Larue
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • titanium dioxide
  • engineered nanoparticle
  • environment
  • aquatic
  • terrestrial
  • analytical
  • biotic and abiotic compartments

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 45226 KiB  
Article
Detection and Characterization of TiO2 Nanomaterials in Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants of Chihuahua State, Mexico
by Juan Reyes-Herrera, Damaris Acosta-Slane, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Ana E. Pradas del Real, Katarina Vogel-Mikus, Federico Benetti, Marco Roman, Julie Villanova and M. Cecilia Valles-Aragón
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050744 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3655
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have a wide range of industrial applications (paintings, sunscreens, food and cosmetics) and is one of the most intensively used nanomaterials worldwide. Leaching from commercial products TiO2-NPs are predicted to significantly accumulate in wastewater sludges, [...] Read more.
TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have a wide range of industrial applications (paintings, sunscreens, food and cosmetics) and is one of the most intensively used nanomaterials worldwide. Leaching from commercial products TiO2-NPs are predicted to significantly accumulate in wastewater sludges, which are then often used as soil amendment. In this work, sludge samples from four wastewater treatment plants of the Chihuahua State in Mexico were obtained during spring and summer (2017). A comprehensive characterization study was performed by X-ray based (laboratory and synchrotron) techniques and electron microscopy. Ti was detected in all sludge samples (1810–2760 mg/kg) mainly as TiO2 particles ranging from 40 nm up to hundreds of nm. Micro-XANES data was analyzed by principal component analysis and linear combination fitting enabling the identification of three predominant Ti species: anatase, rutile and ilmenite. Micro-XANES from the smaller Ti particles was predominantly anatase (68% + 32% rutile), suggesting these TiO2-NPs originate from paintings and cosmetics. TEM imaging confirmed the presence of nanoscale Ti with smooth surface morphologies resembling engineered TiO2-NPs. The size and crystalline phase of TiO2-NPs in the sludge from this region suggest increased reactivity and potential toxicity to agro-systems. Further studies should be dedicated to evaluating this. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles)
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18 pages, 2636 KiB  
Article
Suitability of Nanoparticles to Face Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Genetic and Chromosomal Damage in M. galloprovincialis. An In Vitro Approach
by Margherita Bernardeschi, Patrizia Guidi, Mara Palumbo, Massimo Genovese, Michela Alfè, Valentina Gargiulo, Paolo Lucchesi, Vittoria Scarcelli, Alessandra Falleni, Elisa Bergami, Francesca S. Freyria, Barbara Bonelli, Ilaria Corsi and Giada Frenzilli
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051309 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2877
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is a well-known genotoxic agent, the removal of which from environmental matrices is mandatory, necessitating the application of cleaning strategies that are harmless to human and environmental health. The potential application of nanoparticles (NPs) in the remediation of polluted environments is [...] Read more.
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is a well-known genotoxic agent, the removal of which from environmental matrices is mandatory, necessitating the application of cleaning strategies that are harmless to human and environmental health. The potential application of nanoparticles (NPs) in the remediation of polluted environments is of increasing interest. Here, specifically designed NPs were selected as being non-genotoxic and able to interact with B(a)P, in order to address the genetic and chromosomal damage it produces. A newly formulated pure anatase nano-titanium (nano-TiO2), a commercial mixture of rutile and anatase, and carbon black-derived hydrophilic NPs (HNP) were applied. Once it had been ascertained that the NPs selected for the work did not induce genotoxicity, marine mussel gill biopsies were exposed in vitro to B(a)P (2 μg/mL), alone and in combination with the selected NPs (50 µg/mL nano-TiO2, 10 µg/mL HNP). DNA primary reversible damage was evaluated by means of the Comet assay. Chromosomal persistent damage was assessed on the basis of micronuclei frequency and nuclear abnormalities by means of the Micronucleus-Cytome assay. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to investigate the mechanism of action exerted by NPs. Pure Anatase n-TiO2 was found to be the most suitable for our purpose, as it is cyto- and genotoxicity free and able to reduce the genetic and chromosomal damage associated with exposure to B(a)P. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles)
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17 pages, 2139 KiB  
Article
Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques to Evaluate TiO2 NPs Incorporation, Speciation, and Impact on Root Cells Ultrastructure of Pisum sativum L. Plants
by Simonetta Muccifora, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Francesco Barbieri, Lorenza Bellani, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Carmelina Spanò, Ana E. Pradas del Real, Lucia Giorgetti and Eliana L. Tassi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040921 - 4 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3409
Abstract
Biosolids (Bs) for use in agriculture are an important way for introducing and transferring TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to plants and food chain. Roots of Pisum sativum L. plants grown in Bs-amended soils spiked with TiO2 800 mg/kg as rutile NPs, anatase [...] Read more.
Biosolids (Bs) for use in agriculture are an important way for introducing and transferring TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to plants and food chain. Roots of Pisum sativum L. plants grown in Bs-amended soils spiked with TiO2 800 mg/kg as rutile NPs, anatase NPs, mixture of both NPs and submicron particles (SMPs) were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), synchrotron radiation based micro X-ray Fluorescence and micro X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (µXRF/µXANES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). TEM analysis showed damages in cells ultrastructure of all treated samples, although a more evident effect was observed with single anatase or rutile NPs treatments. Micro-XRF and TEM evidenced the presence of nano and SMPs mainly in the cortex cells near the rhizodermis. Micro-XRF/micro-XANES analysis revealed anatase, rutile, and ilmenite as the main TiO2 polymorphs in the original soil and Bs, and the preferential anatase uptake by the roots. For all treatments Ti concentration in the roots increased by 38–56%, however plants translocation factor (TF) increased mostly with NPs treatment (261–315%) and less with SMPs (about 85%), with respect to control. In addition, all samples showed a limited transfer of TiO2 to the shoots (very low TF value). These findings evidenced a potential toxicity of TiO2 NPs present in Bs and accumulating in soil, suggesting the necessity of appropriate regulations for the occurrence of NPs in Bs used in agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles)
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19 pages, 5170 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-TiO2 Nanomaterial: Performance Evaluation for RB5 Decolorization and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies
by Muhammad Saqib Khan, Jehanzeb Ali Shah, Nadia Riaz, Tayyab Ashfaq Butt, Asim Jahangir Khan, Walid Khalifa, Hatem Hassin Gasmi, Enamur Rahim Latifee, Muhammad Arshad, Ahmed Abdullah Alawi Al-Naghi, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Bilal
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020436 - 9 Feb 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3607
Abstract
A photocatalytic system for decolorization of double azo reactive black 5 (RB5) dye and water disinfection of E. coli was developed. Sol gel method was employed for the synthesis of Fe-TiO2 photocatalysts and were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared [...] Read more.
A photocatalytic system for decolorization of double azo reactive black 5 (RB5) dye and water disinfection of E. coli was developed. Sol gel method was employed for the synthesis of Fe-TiO2 photocatalysts and were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Results showed that photocatalytic efficiency was greatly influenced by 0.1 weight percent iron loading and 300 °C calcination temperature. The optimized reaction parameters were found to be the ambient temperature, working solution pH 6.2 and 1 mg g−1 dose to completely decolorize RB5. The isotherm studies showed that RB5 adsorption by Fe-TiO2 followed the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 42.7 mg g−1 and Kads 0.0079 L mg−1. Under illumination, the modified photocatalytic material had higher decolorization efficiency as compared to unmodified photocatalyst. Kinetic studies of the modified material under visible light irradiation indicated the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The illumination reaction followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model as the rate of dye decolorization increased with an incremental increase in dye concentration. The L-H constant Kc was 1.5542 mg L–1∙h–1 while Kads was found 0.1317 L mg–1. The best photocatalyst showed prominent percent reduction of E. coli in 120 min. Finally, 0.1Fe-TiO2-300 could be an efficient photocatalyst and can provide a composite solution for RB5 decolorization and bacterial strain inhibition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles)
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