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Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition
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Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 10195

Special Issue Editors

Dr. George P.H. Leung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: natural products; cardiovascular pharmacology; regulation of vascular tone; angiogenesis; ischemic injury; nucleoside transporters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jingjing Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Interests: phytomedicine; angiogenesis; tumor- associated macrophages; tumor microenvironment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the world seeing many advancements in medicine, we have more diseases than ever before. Acute and chronic diseases place a heavy burden on the healthcare system since patients are usually required to take medications for a certain period or time, or even for life, to treat or limit the deterioration in their diseases. In addition to drug treatment and lifestyle modification, many people also choose to consume natural products that claim to be safe and have beneficial effects on our health. Therefore, there has been an exponential increase in the number of preclinical and clinical studies related to the pharmacology of natural products. Some interesting active ingredients have been found, which may serve as the lead compounds for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

For this Special Issue entitled “Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition”, we invite researchers to present their novel data on the pharmacological actions of natural products and their active ingredients, which have potential implications for the treatment of various diseases and the promotion of health. Original papers or reviews are welcome.

Dr. George P.H. Leung
Dr. Jingjing Li
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural products
  • phytochemistry
  • structure–activity relationship
  • mechanisms of action
  • anti-aging
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • digestive diseases
  • endocrine disorders
  • immune diseases
  • infections
  • inflammation
  • liver diseases
  • metabolic diseases
  • musculoskeletal diseases
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • pain
  • psychiatric diseases
  • renal diseases
  • respiratory diseases

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 2225 KB  
Article
Tetraselmis chuii as Source of Bioactive Compounds Against Helicobacter pylori: An Integrated Proteomic and Bioactivity Approach
by Marta Majchrzak, Samuel Paterson, Pilar Gómez-Cortés, Jose Manuel Silvan, Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez and Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Molecules 2025, 30(24), 4669; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30244669 - 5 Dec 2025
Viewed by 428
Abstract
Microalgae represent sustainable sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. This study conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) biomass to identify proteins capable of generating bioactive peptides (BAPs) through simulated orogastric digestion. In silico digestion and [...] Read more.
Microalgae represent sustainable sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. This study conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) biomass to identify proteins capable of generating bioactive peptides (BAPs) through simulated orogastric digestion. In silico digestion and bioinformatic predictions indicated the release of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial peptides. Molecular docking demonstrated strong interactions with targets implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence. Biochemical assays and cell-based models confirmed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in both the biomass and its digest, although no significant antibacterial effect against H. pylori was observed under the tested conditions. Considering the role of chronic inflammation in H. pylori-associated pathologies, these findings suggest that T. chuii may serve as a candidate for mitigating tissue damage driven by oxidative and inflammatory stress. Further research is required to address compound stability and optimize delivery strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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20 pages, 2828 KB  
Article
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Leaf Extract from Phytochemical Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation to Modulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and MAPK/NFκB Pathways
by Maria Lúcia de Azevedo Oliveira, Rubiamara Mauricio de Sousa, Eder Alves Barbosa, Ony Araújo Galdino, Duanny Lorena Aires Dantas, Ingrid Reale Alves, Raphaelle Sousa Borges, Nayara Costa de Melo Castelo Branco, Artemis Socorro do Nascimento Rodrigues, Gisele Custódio de Souza, Saulo Victor e Silva, Gabriel Araujo-Silva, Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz and Maria das Graças Almeida
Molecules 2025, 30(22), 4335; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224335 - 7 Nov 2025
Viewed by 669
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely recognized for its pharmacological potential, although studies on its leaves remain scarce. In this study, the hydroethanolic leaf extract (MCHLE) was chemically characterized by LC–MS/MS, revealing the presence of octopamine, ferulate, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, and other bioactive phenolics. [...] Read more.
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely recognized for its pharmacological potential, although studies on its leaves remain scarce. In this study, the hydroethanolic leaf extract (MCHLE) was chemically characterized by LC–MS/MS, revealing the presence of octopamine, ferulate, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, and other bioactive phenolics. Toxicological evaluation in Wistar rats demonstrated that both acute (2000 mg/kg) and repeated oral administration (up to 400 mg/kg for 28 days) caused no clinical or behavioral signs of toxicity. Notably, treatment significantly reduced glucose and cholesterol levels, in addition to attenuating lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant defenses. In vivo, MCHLE inhibited leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration in the LPS-induced peritonitis model, with efficacy comparable to dexamethasone. It also reduced TNF-α secretion and nitric oxide generation in peritoneal fluids. In vitro assays with LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages confirmed these effects, showing dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO production. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated downregulation of TNF-α and MAPK, with marked suppression of NF-κB transcripts. Collectively, these results suggest that MCHLE exerts anti-inflammatory activity by targeting both mediator release and upstream signaling pathways, while maintaining a favorable safety profile, supporting its potential for further investigation as a promising source of bioactive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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11 pages, 651 KB  
Article
Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala
by So Yeong Jeong, Dong-Min Kang, Hyun-Jun Kim, Sang Won Yeon, Hak Hyun Lee, Min Hee Kim, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi-Jeong Ahn and Mi Kyeong Lee
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3142; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153142 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium found in the stomach, is associated with various gastrointestinal and systemic health conditions. Effective suppression of H. pylori is therefore critical for managing gastrointestinal diseases. In a search for natural products with anti-H. pylori activity, the [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium found in the stomach, is associated with various gastrointestinal and systemic health conditions. Effective suppression of H. pylori is therefore critical for managing gastrointestinal diseases. In a search for natural products with anti-H. pylori activity, the extract of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizoma showed significant inhibitory effects. Chromatographic purification of A. macrocephala extract yielded thirteen compounds, which were identified as ten sesquiterpenes and three polyacetylenes by spectroscopic analysis. The sesquiterpene compounds belong to the eudesmane or eudesmane lactone types and exhibited structure-dependent efficacy. The major eudesmane lactone sesquiterpene, atractylenolide I (1), showed strong inhibitory activity comparable to metronidazole, a positive control, and atractylenolide III (3) also showed good efficacy. However, structural modification such as hydroxylation, methylation, or acetylation of the sesquiterpenes led to reduced activity. In contrast, polyacetylene derivatives displayed only mild inhibitory effects. Further evaluation of the active compounds against three H. pylori strains such as 51, 43504, and 26695 showed that atractylenolide I (1) had potent inhibitory effects against all three strains, with MIC50 values of ranging from 27.3 to 48.6 μM and MIC90 values from 45.4 to 87.2 μM. Atractylenolide III (3) exhibited selective activity against strain 51 with MIC50 value of 89.9 μM. Both compounds also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with IC90 values of 23.3 and 31.1 μM, respectively, although they showed little effect on urease. This is the first report on the anti-H. pylori efficacy of various constituents of A. macrocephala and comparative analysis of inhibitory effects against several strains, which will provide scientific evidence supporting its potential as therapeutic agent for H. pylori-related infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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Review

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19 pages, 2015 KB  
Review
Development of Nanotechnological Approaches to Improving the Antimalarial Potential of Natural Substances
by Yoana Yoncheva, Lyubomira Radeva and Krassimira Yoncheva
Molecules 2025, 30(20), 4133; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204133 - 20 Oct 2025
Viewed by 659
Abstract
Malaria is one of the diseases that is a serious threat to global health, with millions of cases reported worldwide in recent years. The treatment of malaria is still a challenge due to its complex pathogenesis, resistance to many of the antimalarial drugs, [...] Read more.
Malaria is one of the diseases that is a serious threat to global health, with millions of cases reported worldwide in recent years. The treatment of malaria is still a challenge due to its complex pathogenesis, resistance to many of the antimalarial drugs, and adverse toxicity. Nowadays, the possibilities of applying new natural molecules alone or in combination is being researched. However, many of these substances possess low aqueous solubility, which limits their bioavailability. The solubility of such substances could be improved by applying various techniques for their nanoencapsulation, e.g., incorporation in nanocapsules, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, etc. The current review emphasizes studies on the nanoencapsulation of some of the well-known natural antimalarial agents (quinine, artemisinin) as well as substances with newly demonstrated antimalarial potential (piperine, quercetin, etc.). The review also discusses the opportunity to simultaneously load two natural agents in nanoparticles. Special focus is given to the metal nanoparticles (e.g., silver, gold, etc.) obtained by green synthesis from plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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32 pages, 1274 KB  
Review
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Beyond: Mechanisms, Pleiotropic Benefits, and Clinical Use—Reviewing Protective Effects Exceeding Glycemic Control
by Julia Hanke, Katarzyna Romejko and Stanisław Niemczyk
Molecules 2025, 30(20), 4125; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204125 - 18 Oct 2025
Viewed by 2892
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, also known as gliflozins, are a class of antidiabetic agents that act independently of insulin by promoting renal glucose excretion. They modulate glucose reabsorption in proximal renal tubules. Initially, they were used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes [...] Read more.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, also known as gliflozins, are a class of antidiabetic agents that act independently of insulin by promoting renal glucose excretion. They modulate glucose reabsorption in proximal renal tubules. Initially, they were used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, numerous pleiotropic benefits beyond glycemic control were observed. Large clinical trials confirmed their efficacy in reducing cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, and progression of chronic kidney disease. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and induce favorable metabolic adaptations, including lowering ketosis and upregulation of erythropoiesis. They also exert protective effects on hepatic and cognitive function. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors lower serum uric acid and reduce adipose tissue mass, which usually results in weight loss. Although generally well-tolerated, they are associated with increased risk of urogenital infections, euglycemic ketoacidosis, and a potentially enlarged amputation risk. Current guidelines worldwide recommend their use not only for T2DM but also for heart failure and chronic kidney disease, marking a paradigm shift toward organ-protective therapies. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the mechanisms, clinical benefits, and safety profile of SGLT2 inhibitors, highlighting their expanding role in cardiometabolic and multisystem disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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29 pages, 1594 KB  
Review
From Plants to Protection: Cardiorenal Benefits in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Failure
by Dan Claudiu Măgureanu, Raluca Maria Pop, Ioana Corina Bocsan, Maria Adriana Neag, Angela Cozma, Antonia Mihaela Levai, Veronica Sanda Chedea and Anca Dana Buzoianu
Molecules 2025, 30(19), 3982; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193982 - 4 Oct 2025
Viewed by 955
Abstract
Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) refers to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function occurring in the absence of diabetes mellitus—a distinction that sets it apart from the more prevalent diabetic CKD. While diabetic nephropathy remains the leading cause of CKD globally, [...] Read more.
Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) refers to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function occurring in the absence of diabetes mellitus—a distinction that sets it apart from the more prevalent diabetic CKD. While diabetic nephropathy remains the leading cause of CKD globally, ND-CKD encompasses a heterogeneous group of etiologies, including hypertensive nephrosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. Its incidence and prevalence are steadily increasing, particularly in aging populations, and are often underrecognized. Importantly, ND-CKD is not a benign entity; it independently contributes to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation, which in turn amplify cardiovascular risk. Among the most severe complications is heart failure (HF), a complex syndrome arising from structural and functional impairments in cardiac performance. Despite ongoing advancements in HF management, mortality remains unacceptably high, ranging from 2–3% at 30 days to up to 50–75% over five years. Standard pharmacologic therapies frequently fall short in halting disease progression and may provoke undesirable side effects. This therapeutic gap has spurred growing interest in natural compounds with multi-targeted effects. Bioactive molecules such as arjunolic acid, kaempferol, luteolin, and resveratrol have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may offer dual benefits for both renal and cardiac function. By modulating shared molecular pathways—including those involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, and cellular dysfunction—these agents hold promise as adjunctive treatments in ND-CKD complicated by heart failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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34 pages, 1633 KB  
Review
The Role of Nutraceuticals in Age-Related Ocular Diseases
by Josè Starvaggi, Carla Di Chio, Fabiola De Luca, Santo Previti, Maria Zappalà and Roberta Ettari
Molecules 2025, 30(17), 3592; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173592 - 2 Sep 2025
Viewed by 3004
Abstract
Although conventional medicine has seen substantial progress in recent years, there is a growing interest in nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds derived from natural sources such as plants, fruits, and cereals, due to their potential therapeutic applications. These substances have garnered increasing attention for their [...] Read more.
Although conventional medicine has seen substantial progress in recent years, there is a growing interest in nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds derived from natural sources such as plants, fruits, and cereals, due to their potential therapeutic applications. These substances have garnered increasing attention for their capacity to support ocular health and to aid in the prevention and management of age-related eye disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected nutraceuticals related to ocular health and diseases. It aims to define their pharmacodynamic properties, to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their effects and to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding their potential clinical applications. By integrating findings from both preclinical and clinical studies, this review seeks to offer insights into the role of these nutraceuticals in the prevention, management, and adjunctive treatment of various ocular disorders, thereby suggesting future research directions and clinical practice. Notable attention is given to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, which are believed to contribute to the preservation of visual function and the deceleration of disease progression. Elucidating the medicinal benefits of these compounds may open new pathways for complementary or alternative strategies in the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds for Disease and Health, 3rd Edition)
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