Five and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Therapeutic Potential II

Dear Colleagues,

Five-membered heterocyclic compounds are appealing targets found in an extensive range of drug structures and have piqued the interest of medicinal chemists worldwide.

Many heterocyclic scaffolds can be considered privileged structures. Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are the most prevalent heteroatoms found in heterocyclic compounds. According to statistics, a heterocycle is present in more than 85% of all biologically active chemical entities. Five-member heterocycles are classified as imidazoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazoles, thiadiazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, and others depending on their number, nature, and arrangement of heteroatoms. They are crucial structural units in many pharmaceutical drugs, and can be found as an isolated ring or as a fused ring (e.g., benzimidazole, benzisoxazole, etc.).

Oxadiazole rings can be detected in drugs such as prenoxdiazine (cough suppressant), raltegravir (anti-HIV), and others, while the pyrazole heterocycle can be located in many NSAIDs (such as phenylbutazone, celecoxib, and others), antigout (sulfinpyrazone), and antipyretics (aminophenazone). The thiadiazole ring is found in acetazolamide, a diuretic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and the imidazole ring is found in histamines, phenytoin, and other drugs.

This Special Issue attends to the following topics:

1. Therapeutic potentials (anticancer, antitubercular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, etc.) of five-membered heterocycles.
2. Conventional, microwave-assisted, and ultrasound-mediated synthesis of five-membered heterocycles.

• The novel catalytic syntheses of five-membered heterocycles.

1. Solvent-free and green synthesis of five-member heterocycles.
2. In silico, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and computational studies of five-membered heterocycles.
3. Spectral characterization and DFT (HOMO and LUMO) studies of five-membered heterocycles.

• Structural modification of natural isolates into their semi-synthetic analogues (five-membered heterocycles).

Thus, the current Special Issue aims to assemble and present recent advances in conventional and green synthesis, as well as their therapeutic applications related to five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The submission of communications, full papers, and reviews is most welcome.

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
Dr. Faizul Azam
Dr. Md. Afroz Bakht
Guest Editors

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