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Green Chemistry Approaches to Analysis and Environmental Remediation

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 2890

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: chromatography; mass spectrometry; extraction; green analytical chemistry; emerging contaminants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has revolutionized sample preparation methodologies by integrating sustainability, efficiency, and safety into procedures, all while meeting analytical and economic requirements. Properly incorporating green chemistry into sample preparation techniques and remediation has significantly reduced or eliminated the use of hazardous substances, such as toxic solvents, thereby minimizing risks to human health and contributing to environmental protection.

Beyond priority compounds released into the environment, there are also contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include a wide range of chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, sweeteners, disinfection byproducts, etc. There is limited information concerning the occurrence, toxicity, and environmental fate of these contaminants that pose a threat to environmental ecosystems.

This Special Issue aims to summarize state-of-the-art methods, technologies, and novel applications of green chemistry in the fields of environmental analysis, remediation, and toxicity/risk assessment.

Dr. Vasilios Sakkas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chromatography
  • mass spectrometry
  • extraction
  • green analytical chemistry
  • emerging contaminants

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Based on C18 Nanoparticles for the Determination of Pesticides in Aquaculture Water Samples
by Margarita Kapsi, Vasileios Sakkas, Vasiliki Boti and Triantafyllos Albanis
Molecules 2025, 30(9), 2076; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30092076 - 7 May 2025
Viewed by 156
Abstract
In this study, C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@C18) were used as adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of organic contaminants commonly applied to aquaculture water (organic booster biocides, herbicides, and insecticides) followed by Gas Chromatography coupled [...] Read more.
In this study, C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@C18) were used as adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of organic contaminants commonly applied to aquaculture water (organic booster biocides, herbicides, and insecticides) followed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The extraction conditions and efficiency of the nanoparticles for the determination of ten pesticides (atrazine, ethoxyquine, chlorothalonil, chlorpyriphos methyl, methyl parathion, chlorpyriphos, resmethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, permethrin, and irgarol) were thoroughly investigated. Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the amount of sorbent, extraction time, and elution time were optimized by employing experimental designs as response surface methodology. Validation experiments showed that the average recoveries of target analytes were in the range of 60% to 99%. The optimized method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.9901) and satisfactory precision (Relative Standard deviations, RSDs < 15%). The method detection limits ranged between 1.9 ng L−1 and 62 ng L−1. Finally, the MSPE method was successfully applied to aquaculture water samples collected from the Thesprotia region (N.W. Greece), Thermaikos Gulf (N. Greece) and Butrint (S.W. Albania). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry Approaches to Analysis and Environmental Remediation)
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25 pages, 2988 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Electrosorption for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Management and Sustainable Biochar Regeneration
by Nuria Bernárdez-Rodas, Emilio Rosales, Marta Pazos, Óscar González-Prieto, Luis Ortiz Torres and M. Ángeles Sanromán
Molecules 2025, 30(7), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071435 - 24 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 436
Abstract
The adsorption capacity of a biochar (BC) obtained from pine wood residues was evaluated for its ability to remove two pharmaceuticals: fluoxetine (FLX) and sulfamethizole (SMZ). The material showed promising results in FLX removal, but a limited capacity in the case of SMZ. [...] Read more.
The adsorption capacity of a biochar (BC) obtained from pine wood residues was evaluated for its ability to remove two pharmaceuticals: fluoxetine (FLX) and sulfamethizole (SMZ). The material showed promising results in FLX removal, but a limited capacity in the case of SMZ. In order to improve these results, BC surface modifications were made by doping with nitrogen, as well as using acid, basic and electrochemical treatments. A three-dimensional electrosorption treatment proved to be the most effective, increasing the adsorption rate from 0.45 to 13.46 mg/g after evaluating different operating conditions, such as the electrodes used or the BC dosage. Consecutive cycles of BC use were performed through desorption and electro-regeneration techniques to test its capacity for reuse, and it was observed that application in the 25 mA electric field increased the useful life of the material. Finally, the effect of ionic strength was studied, highlighting that the presence of ions did not significantly affect the efficiency of SMZ removal, although a slight increase was observed at a high ion concentration, probably due to a salinization effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry Approaches to Analysis and Environmental Remediation)
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15 pages, 1319 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Beta-Blockers from Aqueous Matrices for Their Analysis by Chromatographic Techniques
by Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea, Mihaela-Cătălina Herghelegiu, Vlad-Alexandru Pănescu, Jérôme Vial, Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti and Maria-Virginia Coman
Molecules 2025, 30(5), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051016 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Beta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of [...] Read more.
Beta-blockers are pharmaceuticals used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia. Due to high consumption, they are continuously released into the environment, being detected in many aqueous matrices. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of two green liquid-phase microextraction procedures, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solidification of floating organic droplet microextraction (SFOME) for the selective extraction of eight beta-blockers (atenolol, nadolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, and betaxolol) from aqueous matrices for their analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC). The influence of extraction parameters, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, and ionic strength were studied. The developed extraction procedures provide a good enrichment factor for six compounds (61.22–243.97), good extraction recovery (53.04–92.1%), and good sample cleaning for both extraction procedures. Good limits of detection (0.13 to 0.69 µg/mL for GC and 0.07 to 0.15 µg/mL for HPLC) and limits of quantification (0.39 to 2.10 µg/mL for GC and 0.20 to 0.45 µg/mL for LC) were obtained. The developed procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of selected beta-blockers in wastewater samples, proving their applicability to the real samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry Approaches to Analysis and Environmental Remediation)
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15 pages, 1375 KiB  
Article
Green Chemistry Within the Circular Bioeconomy to Harness Chestnut Burr Extract’s Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori
by Maria Lucia Schiavone, Roberta Barletta, Alfonso Trezza, Michela Geminiani, Lia Millucci, Natale Figura and Annalisa Santucci
Molecules 2025, 30(2), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020324 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Green chemistry principles are pivotal in driving sustainable and innovative solutions to global health challenges. This study explores a hydroalcoholic extract from Castanea sativa (chestnut) burrs, an underutilized natural resource, as a potent source of antimicrobial compounds against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori [...] Read more.
Green chemistry principles are pivotal in driving sustainable and innovative solutions to global health challenges. This study explores a hydroalcoholic extract from Castanea sativa (chestnut) burrs, an underutilized natural resource, as a potent source of antimicrobial compounds against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The extract demonstrated significant bactericidal activity, synergizing effectively with clarithromycin and showing additive effects with metronidazole. Remarkably, combining the extract with clarithromycin and sub-inhibitory concentrations of pantoprazole reduced clarithromycin’s Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) to just 1.56% of its original value. Mechanistic studies suggest that the extract’s polyphenolic compounds compromise bacterial membrane integrity, enhancing antibiotic uptake, while pantoprazole disrupts bacterial ATPase activity. This research highlights the critical role of natural product extraction within the framework of green chemistry, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. By harnessing bioactive compounds from plant sources, this approach addresses the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance while promoting the responsible use of natural resources. The findings underscore the transformative potential of green chemistry in developing effective, eco-conscious antimicrobial therapies that align with global sustainability goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry Approaches to Analysis and Environmental Remediation)
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