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Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale

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A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 21002

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Ijaz Khan

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Interests: fluid mechanics; heat and mass transfer; CFD analysis; boundary layer analysis; applied mechanics; engineering thermodynamics; modeling and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Kamal Guedri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Interests: engineering thermodynamics; numerical analysis modeling and simulation; environment; thin films and nanotechnology; numerical simulation

Dr. Niaz Bahadur Khan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Interests: numerical analysis; failure analysis; multiphase flow; flow dynamics; material characteristics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat and mass transfer in microscale and nanoscale feature contributions from prominent researchers in the field of micro-and nanoscale heat transfer and associated technologies can help to provide a complete understanding of thermal transport in nano-materials and devices. Nanofluids can be used as working fluids in thermal systems; the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids can be increased by adding nanoparticles in fluids. This Special Issue covers both experimental and theoretical investigations made on nanofluids for use in engineering and technology. It examines the use of nanofluids in improving heat transfer rates, covers the numerical approaches for the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of nanofluids, and reviews the experimental results of commonly used nanofluids dispersed in both spherical and non-spherical nanoparticles. It mainly focuses on current and developing applications of microscale and nanoscale convective heat transfer.

Dr. Muhammad Ijaz Khan
Dr. Kamal Guedri
Dr. Niaz Bahadur Khan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

solid–liquid interface phonon transfer at the molecular level
the validity of the continuum hypothesis and Fourier law in nano-channels
conventional methods of using molecular dynamics (MDs) for heat transport problems
the molecular dynamics approach to calculate interfacial thermal resistance (ITR)
microscale convective heat transfer with gaseous flow in ducts
the application of the lattice Boltzmann method for thermal micro-flows
a numerical method for resolving the problem of subcooled convective boiling flows in microchannel heat sinks
two-phase boiling flow and condensation heat transfer in mini/micro channels and more

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of Prandtl Nanofluid in the Mixed Convective Flow of Activation Energy with Gyrotactic Microorganisms: Numerical Outlook Features of Micro-Machines

by S. S. Zafar, Ayman Alfaleh, A. Zaib, Farhan Ali, M. Faizan, Ahmed M. Abed, Samia Elattar and M. Ijaz Khan

Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030559 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1590

Abstract

The physiological systems and biological applications that have arisen during the past 15 years depend heavily on the microscale and nanoscale fluxes. Microchannels have been utilized to develop new diagnostic assays, examine cell adhesion and molecular transport, and replicate the fluid flow microenvironment of the circulatory system. The various uses of MHD boundary flow in engineering and technology are extensive, ranging from MHD power generators and the polymer industry to MHD flow meters and pumps and the spinning of filaments. In this investigation, the (Magnetohydrodynamic) MHD flow of Prandtl nanofluid is investigated along with mixed convection, energy activation, microorganism, and chemical reaction. The flow model is considered through partial differential equations in dimensionless form which is then integrated numerically via considering the Bvp4c technique. The outcome is numerous emerging physical parameters over velocity profile, temperature, mass concentration, and microorganism with the separate pertinent quantities such as the Prandtl fluid parameter, elastic fluid parameter, magnetic field, mixed convection parameter, activation energy, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, thermophoretic force, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The friction factor, rate of heat transfer and Sherwood number, and density of microbes are revealed numerically and graphically. The outcomes indicate that the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic fluid parameter tend to enhance the velocity profile. It is also noted that the Prandtl fluid parameter depreciates the thermal rate with the addition of the concentration profile while the opposite trend is recorded for activation energy. Obtained numerical outcomes are correspondingly compared with the current statistics in limiting cases and a close match is obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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15 pages, 12301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation of Darcy–Forchheimer Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Energy Transfer over a Spinning Fluctuating Disk under the Influence of Chemical Reaction and Heat Source

by Muhammad Riaz Khan, Aisha M. Alqahtani, Sharifah E. Alhazmi, Mohamed Abdelghany Elkotb, Maawiya Ould Sidi, Haifaa F. Alrihieli, Elsayed Tag-Eldin and Mansour F. Yassen

Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010048 - 25 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1349

Abstract

The present computational model is built to analyze the energy and mass transition rate through a copper and cobalt ferrite water-based hybrid nanofluid (hnf) flow caused by the fluctuating wavy spinning disk. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (nps) are incredibly renowned in engineering and technological research due to their vast potential applications in nano/microscale structures, devices, materials, and systems related to micro- and nanotechnology. The flow mechanism has been formulated in the form of a nonlinear set of PDEs. That set of PDEs has been further reduced to the system of ODEs through resemblance replacements and computationally solved through the parametric continuation method. The outcomes are verified with the Matlab program bvp4c, for accuracy purposes. The statistical outputs and graphical evaluation of physical factors versus velocity, energy, and mass outlines are given through tables and figures. The configuration of a circulating disk affects the energy transformation and velocity distribution desirably. In comparison to a uniform interface, the uneven spinning surface augments energy communication by up to 15%. The addition of nanostructured materials (cobalt ferrite and copper) dramatically improves the solvent physiochemical characteristics. Furthermore, the upward and downward oscillation of the rotating disc also enhances the velocity and energy distribution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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19 pages, 22777 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Nonlinear Convection–Radiation in Chemically Reactive Oldroyd-B Nanoliquid Configured by a Stretching Surface with Robin Conditions: Applications in Nano-Coating Manufacturing

by Muhammad Nasir, Muhammad Waqas, O. Anwar Bég, Hawzhen Fateh M. Ameen, Nurnadiah Zamri, Kamel Guedri and Sayed M Eldin

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122196 - 11 Dec 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1267

Abstract

Motivated by emerging high-temperature manufacturing processes deploying nano-polymeric coatings, the present study investigates nonlinear thermally radiative Oldroyd-B viscoelastic nanoliquid stagnant-point flow from a heated vertical stretching permeable surface. Robin (mixed derivative) conditions were utilized in order to better represent coating fabrication conditions. The nanoliquid analysis was based on Buongiorno’s two-component model, which features Brownian movement and thermophoretic attributes. Nonlinear buoyancy force and thermal radiation formulations are included. Chemical reactions (constructive and destructive) were also considered since coating synthesis often features reactive transport phenomena. An ordinary differential equation model was derived from the primitive partial differential boundary value problem using a similarity approach. The analytical solutions were achieved by employing a homotopy analysis scheme. The influence of the emerging dimensionless quantities on the transport characteristics was comprehensively explained using appropriate data. The obtained analytical outcomes were compared with the literature and good correlation was achieved. The computations show that the velocity profile was diminished with an increasing relaxation parameter, whereas it was enhanced when the retardation parameter was increased. A larger thermophoresis parameter induces an increase in temperature and concentration. The heat and mass transfer rates at the wall were increased with incremental increases in the temperature ratio and first order chemical reaction parameters, whereas contrary effects were observed for larger thermophoresis, fluid relaxation and Brownian motion parameters. The simulations can be applied to the stagnated nano-polymeric coating of micromachines, robotic components and sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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22 pages, 10793 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow Characteristics of Heat and Mass for Nanofluid under Different Operating Temperatures over Wedge and Plate

by Muhammad Rizwan, Mohsan Hassan, Muhammad Imran Asjad and ElSayed M. Tag-ElDin

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2080; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122080 - 26 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1173

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Nanofluids are a new class of heat transfer fluids that are used for different heat transfer applications. The transport characteristics of these fluids not only depend upon flow conditions but also strongly depend on operating temperature. In respect of these facts, the properties of these fluids are modified to measure the temperature effects and used in the governing equations to see the heat and mass flow behavior. Design of Model: Consider the nanofluids which are synthesized by dispersing metallic oxides (SiO₂, Al₂O₃), carbon nanostructures (PEG-TGr, PEG-GnP), and nanoparticles in deionized water (DIW), with (0.025–0.1%) particle concentration over (30–50 °C) temperature range. The thermophysical properties of these fluids are modeled theoretically with the help of experimental data as a function of a temperature and volume fraction. These models are further used in transport equations for fluid flow over both wedge and plate. To get the solution, the equations are simplified in the shape of ordinary differential equations by applying the boundary layer and similarity transformations and then solved by the RK method. Results: The solution of the governing equation is found in the form of velocity and temperature expressions for both geometries and displayed graphically for discussion. Moreover, momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses, displacement, momentum thicknesses, the coefficient of skin friction, and Nusselt number are calculated numerically in tabular form. Finding: The maximum reduction and enhancement in velocity and temperature profile is found in the case of flow over the plate as compared to the wedge. The boundary layer parameters are increased in the case of flow over the plate than the wedge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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19 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Solutions of Fractional Jeffrey Fluid with Ternary Nanoparticles Approach

by Muhammad Imran Asjad, Ayesha Riaz, Abeer S. Alnahdi and Sayed M. Eldin

Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1963; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111963 - 12 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1083

Abstract

The existing work deals with the Jeffrey fluid having an unsteady flow, which is moving along a vertical plate. A fractional model with ternary, hybrid, and nanoparticles is obtained. Using suitable dimensionless parameters, the equations for energy, momentum, and Fourier’s law were converted into non-dimensional equations. In order to obtain a fractional model, a fractional operator known as the Prabhakar operator is used. To find a generalized solution for temperature as well as a velocity field, the Laplace transform is used. With the help of graphs, the impact of various parameters on velocity as well as temperature distribution is obtained. As a result, it is noted that ternary nanoparticles approach can be used to increase the temperature than the results obtained in the recent existing literature. The obtained solutions are also useful in the sense of choosing base fluids (water, kerosene and engine oil) for nanoparticles to achieved the desired results. Further, by finding the specific value of fractional parameters, the thermal and boundary layers can be controlled for different times. Such a fractional approach is very helpful in handling the experimental data by using theoretical information. Moreover, the rate of heat transfer for ternary nanoparticles is greater in comparison to hybrid and mono nanoparticles. For large values of fractional parameters, the rate of heat transfer decreases while skin friction increases. Finally, the present results are the improvement of the results that have already been published recently in the existing literature. Fractional calculus enables us to control the boundary layers as well as rate of heat transfer and skin friction for finding suitable values of fractional parameters. This approach can be very helpful in electronic devices and industrial heat management system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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20 pages, 5914 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Computation for Gyrotactic Microorganisms in MHD Radiative Eyring–Powell Nanomaterial Flow by a Static/Moving Wedge with Darcy–Forchheimer Relation

by Muhammad Faizan Ahmed, A. Zaib, Farhan Ali, Omar T. Bafakeeh, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, Kamel Guedri, Samia Elattar and Muhammad Ijaz Khan

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101768 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 98 | Viewed by 2160

Abstract

The intention of this study is to carry out a numerical investigation of time-dependent magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) Eyring–Powell liquid by taking a moving/static wedge with Darcy-Forchheimer relation. Thermal radiation was taken into account for upcoming solar radiation, and the idea of bioconvection is also considered for regulating the unsystematic exertion of floating nanoparticles. The novel idea of this work was to stabilized nanoparticles through the bioconvection phenomena. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are combined in the most current revision of the nanofluid model. Fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity that depend on temperature are predominant. The extremely nonlinear system of equations comprising partial differential equations (PDEs) with the boundary conditions are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through an appropriate suitable approach. The reformed equations are then operated numerically with the use of the well-known Lobatto IIIa formula. The variations of different variables on velocity, concentration, temperature and motile microorganism graphs are discussed as well as force friction, the Nusselt, Sherwood, and the motile density organism numbers. It is observed that Forchheimer number

F r

decline the velocity field in the case of static and moving wedge. Furthermore, the motile density profiles are deprecated by higher values of the bio convective Lewis number and Peclet number. Current results have been related to the literature indicated aforementioned and are found to be great achievement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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19 pages, 4005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Entropy Minimization for Generalized Newtonian Fluid Flow between Converging and Diverging Channels

by Sohail Rehman, Hashim, Abdelaziz Nasr, Sayed M. Eldin and Muhammad Y. Malik

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101755 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1245

Abstract

The foremost focus of this article was to investigate the entropy generation in hydromagnetic flow of generalized Newtonian Carreau nanofluid through a converging and diverging channel. In addition, a heat transport analysis was performed for Carreau nanofluid using the Buongiorno model in the presence of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. The second law of thermodynamics was employed to model the governing flow transport along with entropy generation arising within the system. Entropy optimization analysis is accentuated as its minimization is the best measure to enhance the efficiency of thermal systems. This irreversibility computation and optimization were carried out in the dimensional form to obtain a better picture of the system’s entropy generation. With the help of proper dimensionless transformations, the modeled flow equations were converted into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The numerical solutions were derived using an efficient numerical method, the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg method in conjunction with the shooting technique. The computed results were presented graphically through different profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy production, and Bejan number. From the acquired results, we perceive that entropy generation is augmented with higher Brinkman and Reynolds numbers. It is significant to mention that the system’s entropy production grew near its two walls, where the irreversibility of heat transfer predominates, in contrast to the channel’s center, where the irreversibility of frictional force predominates. These results serve as a valuable guide for designing and optimizing channels with diverging–converging profiles required in several heat-transfer applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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16 pages, 2832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Mathematical Investigation of Blood-Based Flow of Compressible Rate Type Fluid with Compressibility Effects in a Microchannel

by Kamel Guedri, Maha M. A. Lashin, Aamar Abbasi, Sami Ullah Khan, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Fozia Khalil and Ahmed M. Galal

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101750 - 16 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1412

Abstract

In this investigation, the compressibility effects are visualized on the flow of non-Newtonian fluid, which obeys the stress–strain relationship of an upper convected Maxwell model in a microchannel. The fundamental laws of momentum and mass conservation are used to formulate the problem. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations and solved with the help of the regular perturbation method assuming the amplitude ratio (wave amplitude/half width of channel) as a flow parameter. The axial component of velocity and flow rate is computed through numerical integration. Graphical results for the mean velocity perturbation function, net flow and axial velocity have been presented and discussed. It is concluded that the net flow rate and

D_{w a l l}

increase in case of the linear Maxwell model, while they decrease in case of the convected Maxwell model. The compressibility parameter shows the opposite results for linear and upper convected Maxwell fluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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16 pages, 14290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Convective Heat and Mass Transport in Casson Fluid Flow in Curved Corrugated Cavity with Inclined Magnetic Field

by Imtiaz Ali Shah, Sardar Bilal, Muhammad Imran Asjad and ElSayed M. Tag-ElDin

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101624 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1496

Abstract

Convection in fluids produced by temperature and solute concentration differences is known as thermosolutal convection. It has valuable utilization in wide industrial and technological procedures such as electronic cooling, cleaning, and dying processes, oxidation of surface materials, storage components, heat exchangers, and thermal storage systems. In view of such prominent physical significance, focus is made to explicate double (thermal and solutal)-diffusive transport in viscoelastic fluid characterized by the Casson model enclosed in a curved enclosure with corrugations. An incliningly directed magnetic field is employed to the flow domain. A uniformly thermalized and concentrated circular cylinder is installed at the center of the enclosure to measure transport changes. Dimensionally balanced governing equations are formulated in 2D, representing governed phenomenon. Finite element-based open-sourced software known as COMSOL is utilized. The domain of the problem is distributed in the form of triangular and quadrilateral elements. Transport distributions are interpolated by linear and quadratic polynomials. The attained non-linear system is solved by a less time and computation cost consuming package known as PARDISO. Convergence tests for grid generation and validation of results are executed to assure credibility of work. The influence of involved physical parameters on concerned fields are revealed in graphical and tabular manner. Additionally, heat and mass fluxes, along with, kinetic energy variation are also evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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21 pages, 7527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Recent Development of Heat and Mass Transport in the Presence of Hall, Ion Slip and Thermo Diffusion in Radiative Second Grade Material: Application of Micromachines

by V. V. L. Deepthi, Maha M. A. Lashin, N. Ravi Kumar, Kodi Raghunath, Farhan Ali, Mowffaq Oreijah, Kamel Guedri, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, M. Ijaz Khan and Ahmed M. Galal

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101566 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 1650

Abstract

This article describes the incompressible two-dimensional heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting second-grade fluid flow in a porous medium with Hall and ion slip effects, diffusion thermal effects, and radiation absorption effects. It is assumed that the fluid is a gray, absorbing–emitting but non-scattering medium and the Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. It is assumed that the liquid is opaque and absorbs and emits radiation in a manner that does not result in scattering. It is considered an unsteady laminar MHD convective rotating flow of heat-producing or absorbing second-grade fluid across a semi-infinite vertical moving permeable surface. The profiles of velocity components, temperature distribution, and concentration are studied to apply the regular perturbation technique. These profiles are shown as graphs for various fluid and geometric parameters such as Hall and ion slip parameters, radiation absorption, diffusion thermo, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction rate. On the other hand, the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are determined by numerical evaluation and provided in tables. These tables are then analysed and debated for various values of the flow parameters that regulate it. It may be deduced that an increase in the parameters of radiation absorption, Hall, and ion slip over the fluid region increases the velocity produced. The resulting momentum continually grows to a very high level, with contributions from the thermal and solutal buoyancy forces. The temperature distribution may be more concentrated by raising both the heat source parameter and the quantity of radiation. When one of the parameters for the chemical reaction is increased, the whole fluid area will experience a fall in concentration. Skin friction may be decreased by manipulating the rotation parameter, but the Hall effect and ion slip effect can worsen it. When the parameter for the chemical reaction increases, there is a concomitant rise in the mass transfer rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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20 pages, 3216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Aligned MHD on Engine Oil-Based Casson Nanofluid with Carbon Nanotubes (Single and Multi-Wall) Passing through a Shrinking Sheet with Thermal Radiation and Wall Mass Exchange

by Irfan Rashid, Tamour Zubair, Muhammad Imran Asjad and Elsayed M. Tag-Eldin

Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091501 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1127

Abstract

The optimization of heating or cooling during an industrial system may result in power savings, reduced processing time, enhanced thermal efficiency, and increased equipment operating lifespan. The advancement of high-efficiency thermal systems for heat and mass transport improvement has become increasingly popular in recent years. The analysis of aligned magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on engine oil-based Casson nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (single and multi-wall) passing a shrinking sheet following the thermal radiation and wall mass transport phenomena is carried out in this aspect. The dynamic model is utilized to reduce difficult ordinary differential equations into nondimensional forms, which are then analytically assessed. To study the repercussions of a physical parameter on the velocity field, skin friction at the wall, the stream pattern, the temperature distribution, isotherm, and the local Nusselt, numeric data and visualizations are generated. When the value of

ϕ

increases, the velocity field decelerates, and the velocity pattern of multi-walled CNTs drops considerably when compared to single-walled CNTs. The local Nusselt number is a decreasing function of N and

ϕ

and the opposite trend is shown for

P r

. The local Nusselt number is a decreasing function of N and

ϕ

and the opposite trend is shown for

P r

. The single-walled CNTs have a higher degradation rate as compared to multi-walled CNTs. It is found that higher temperature distribution occurs in the case of multi-walled CNT-based fluid as compared to single-walled CNT-based fluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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26 pages, 4076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cattaneo–Christov Double Diffusion (CCDD) on Sutterby Nanofluid with Irreversibility Analysis and Motile Microbes Due to a RIGA Plate

by Muhammad Faizan Ahmed, A. Zaib, Farhan Ali, Omar T Bafakeeh, Niaz B. Khan, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, Mowffaq Oreijah, Kamel Guedri and Ahmed M. Galal

Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091497 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1692

Abstract

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This Riga plate creates an electric and magnetic field, where a transverse Lorentz force is generated that contributes to the flow along the plate. A new study field has been created by Sutterby nanofluid flows down the Riga plate, which is crucial to the creation of several industrial advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres, and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the second law analysis of MHD Sutter by nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov Double Diffusion heat and mass flux have been created to examine the behaviour of relaxation time. The bioconvection of motile microorganisms and chemical reactions are taken into consideration. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) that are subsequently solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of pertained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plot in detail. Further, the velocity distribution enhances and reduces for greater value Deborah number and Reynold number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flow. Microorganism distribution decreases with the augmented magnitude of Peclet number

(P e)

, Bioconvection Lewis number

(L b)

, and microorganism concentration difference number

(ϖ)

. The entropy production distribution is increased for the greater estimations of the Reynolds number

({Re}_{L})

and Brinkman parameter

(B r)

. Two sets of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter. Finally, for the justification of these outcomes, tables of comparison are made with various variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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15 pages, 2840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transport Exploration for Hybrid Nanoparticle (Cu, Fe₃O₄)—Based Blood Flow via Tapered Complex Wavy Curved Channel with Slip Features

by A. Abbasi, W. Farooq, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, Sami Ullah Khan, M. Ijaz Khan, Kamel Guedri, Samia Elattar, M. Waqas and Ahmed M. Galal

Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091415 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 134 | Viewed by 2433

Abstract

Curved veins and arteries make up the human cardiovascular system, and the peristalsis process underlies the blood flowing in these ducts. The blood flow in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles through a tapered complex wavy curved channel is numerically investigated. The behavior of the blood is characterized by the Casson fluid model while the physical properties of iron (Fe₃O₄) and copper (Cu) are used in the analysis. The fundamental laws of mass, momentum and energy give rise the system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations which are normalized using the variables, and the resulting set of governing relations are simplified in view of a smaller Reynolds model approach. The numerical simulations are performed using the computational software Mathematica’s built-in ND scheme. It is noted that the velocity of the blood is abated by the nanoparticles’ concentration and assisted in the non-uniform channel core. Furthermore, the nanoparticles’ volume fraction and the dimensionless curvature of the channel reduce the temperature profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nanoscale)

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