Special Issue "The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities"

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E:Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021).

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhixiong Li
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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Interests: fault diagnosis; vibration analysis; measurement; mechanical engineering; diesel engines
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. Muhammad Irfan
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Interests: diagnostics and prognostics; pattern recognition; statistical analysis of big data; machine fault diagnostics; non-destructive testing; condition monitoring; Internet of things; artificial intelligence; industrial electronics; smart cities and smart healthcare
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. Wahyu Caesarendra
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Interests: condition monitoring; signal processing; pattern recognition; machine learning and mechatronics
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on technological strategies to convert advanced cities into “smart cities”, based on the many possible innovative usages of microelectronics, nanotechnologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, deep learning, Internet of Things (IoT) and network infrastructures applications. Part of these strategies is to develop new types of innovative techniques in urban areas, which are characterized, firstly, by a high level of citizen involvement in co-creating Internet-based applications in all sectors of the economy and society; and secondly, by the emergence of new forms of collaboration among governments, hospitals, research universities, and companies. Such strategies and the resulting “innovation ecosystems” are becoming increasingly relevant, given the growing economic and social issues and opportunities that cities are currently facing. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on but not be limited to the following topics:

  • Microelectronics for smart machines;
  • Modern electrical microsystems;
  • Advanced mechanical microsystems;
  • Mechatronics microsystem design;
  • Smart miniatured sensors for fault diagnostics;
  • Power microsystems;
  • Smart grid management and energy control microsystems;
  • Intelligent biomedical microsystems;
  • Micromachines for healthcare;
  • Micromachines for smart water management;
  • Microsystems for intelligent transportation in smart cities;
  • Micromachines for communication systems.

Prof. Dr. Adam Glowacz
Prof. Dr. Jose A Antonino-Daviu
Prof. Dr. Zhixiong Li
Dr. Muhammad Irfan
Dr. Wahyu Caesarendra

Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart micromachines
  • microelectronic systems
  • smart microgrids
  • artificial intelligence for smart cities
  • advanced biomedical microsystems
  • modern communication microsystems

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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Article
Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G and Sub-6 GHz Wireless Communication
Micromachines 2021, 12(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12010032 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1131
Abstract
A low-profile frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna operating in the microwave frequency band is presented in this paper. The proposed structure is printed on Flame Retardant-4 (FR-4) substrate having relative permittivity of 4.3 and tangent loss of 0.025. Four pin diode switches are inserted [...] Read more.
A low-profile frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna operating in the microwave frequency band is presented in this paper. The proposed structure is printed on Flame Retardant-4 (FR-4) substrate having relative permittivity of 4.3 and tangent loss of 0.025. Four pin diode switches are inserted between radiating patches for switching the various operating modes of an antenna. The proposed antenna operates in five modes, covering nine different bands by operating at single bands of 5 and 3.5 GHz in Mode 1 and Mode 2, dual bands (i.e., 2.6 and 6.5 GHz, 2.1 and 5.6 GHz) in Mode 3 and 4 and triple bands in Mode 5 (i.e., 1.8, 4.8, and 6.4 GHz). The Voltage Standing Waves Ratio (VSWR) of the presented antenna is less than 1.5 for all the operating bands. The efficiency of the designed antenna is 84 % and gain ranges from 1.2 to 3.6 dBi, respectively, at corresponding resonant frequencies. The achieve bandwidths at respective frequencies ranges from 10.5 to 28%. The proposed structure is modeled in Computer Simulation Technology microwave studio (CST MWS) and the simulated results are experimentally validated. Due to its reasonably small size and support for multiple wireless standards, the proposed antenna can be used in modern handheld fifth generation (5G) devices as well as Internet of Things (IoT) enabled systems in smart cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities)
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Article
Nature Inspired MIMO Antenna System for Future mmWave Technologies
Micromachines 2020, 11(12), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121083 - 07 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 770
Abstract
In this work, a new Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with a novel shape inspired by nature is proposed for Fifth-Generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna is designed on a Rogers 5880. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.2, and [...] Read more.
In this work, a new Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with a novel shape inspired by nature is proposed for Fifth-Generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna is designed on a Rogers 5880. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is assumed to be 0.0009. The gain of the system for the desired bandwidth is nearly 8 dB. The simulated and the measured efficiency of the proposed system is 95% and 80%, respectively. To demonstrate the capability of the system as a potential candidate for future 5G communication devices, MIMO key performance parameters such as the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) are computed. It is found that the proposed system has low ECC, constant DG, and high efficiency for the desired bandwidth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities)
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Article
Mechanical Pressure Characterization of CNT-Graphene Composite Material
Micromachines 2020, 11(11), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11111000 - 12 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 663
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are extensively studied materials in the field of sensing technology and other electronic devices due to their better functional and structural properties. Additionally, more attention is given to utilize these materials as a filler to reinforce the properties [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are extensively studied materials in the field of sensing technology and other electronic devices due to their better functional and structural properties. Additionally, more attention is given to utilize these materials as a filler to reinforce the properties of other materials. However, the role of weight percentage of CNTs in the piezoresistive properties of these materials has not been reported yet. In this work, CNT-graphene composite-based piezoresistive pressure samples in the form of pellets with different weight percentages of CNTs were fabricated and characterized. All the samples exhibit a decrease in the direct current (DC) resistance with the increase in external uniaxial applied pressure from 0 to 74.8 kNm−2. However, under the same external uniaxial applied pressure, the DC resistance exhibit more decrease as the weight percentage of the CNTs increase in the composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities)
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Article
Eight Element Side Edged Framed MIMO Antenna Array for Future 5G Smart Phones
Micromachines 2020, 11(11), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11110956 - 24 Oct 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
This paper presents a novel design of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for next generation sub 6 GHz 5G and beyond mobile terminals. The proposed system is composed of a main board and two side boards. To make the design [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel design of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for next generation sub 6 GHz 5G and beyond mobile terminals. The proposed system is composed of a main board and two side boards. To make the design cost-effective, FR4 is used as a substrate. The design is based on a unit monopole antenna etched at the side substrate. The single element is resonating at 3.5 GHz attaining a 10 dB bandwidth of 200 MHz and a 6 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz. The single element is then transformed into an MIMO array of 8-elements with an overall dimension of 150 mm × 75 mm × 7 mm, providing pattern diversity characteristics and isolation better than 12 dB for any two radiating elements. A number of studies such as effects of human hand on the system that includes single hand mode and dual mode scenarios and the effects of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) over the principal performance parameters of the system are presented. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) is computed for all the scenarios and it is found that ECC is less than 0.1 for any case and maximum channel capacity is 38.5 bps/Hz within the band of interest. The main advantage of the proposed design over available designs in the literature is that almost all of the main substrate is empty providing wide space for different sensors, systems, and mobile technology components. A brief literature comparison of the proposed system is also presented. To validate the proposed model, a prototype is fabricated and results are presented. This design can be applied on higher frequencies to future micromachines for on chip communications using same theocratical approach as the space for higher frequencies in mmwave spectrum has been reserved. The simulated results are in an excellent agreement with the measured results. All the main performance parameters of the design are calculated and compared with the measured results wherever possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities)
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Review

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Review
Review of the Newly Developed, Mobile Optical Sensors for Real-Time Measurement of the Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration
Micromachines 2021, 12(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12040416 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 635
Abstract
Due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment, air quality monitoring, specifically particulate matter (PM), has received increased attention over the last decades. Most of the research and policy actions have been focused on decreasing PM pollution and the development [...] Read more.
Due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment, air quality monitoring, specifically particulate matter (PM), has received increased attention over the last decades. Most of the research and policy actions have been focused on decreasing PM pollution and the development of air monitoring technologies, resulting in a decline of total ambient PM concentrations. For these reasons, there is a continually increasing interest in mobile, low-cost, and real-time PM detection instruments in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no recent literature review on the development of newly designed mobile and compact optical PM sensors. With this aim, this paper gives an overview of the most recent advances in mobile optical particle counters (OPCs) and camera-based optical devices to detect particulate matter concentration. Firstly, the paper summarizes the particulate matter effects on human health and the environment and introduces the major particulate matter classes, sources, and characteristics. Then, it illustrates the different theories, detection methods, and operating principles of the newly developed portable optical sensors based on light scattering (OPCs) and image processing (camera-based sensors), including their advantages and disadvantages. A discussion concludes the review by comparing different novel optical devices in terms of structures, parameters, and detection sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Microsystems for Smart Cities)
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