Crystallographic Aspects and Microstructure Design in Titanium and Its Alloys: Processing–Structure–Property Relationships

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Applications of Metallic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1693

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Lightweight Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51508, Republic of Korea
Interests: titanium and titanium alloys; manufacturing technology; thermo-mechanical processing; shape memory and superplastic alloys
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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
Interests: titanium and titanium alloys; deformation and failure; micromechanics; materials characterization; texture
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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: shape memory alloys; additive manufacturing; powder bed fusion; laser-directed energy deposition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Titanium alloys have gained increasing attention in various high-performance industries such as aerospace, defense, biomedical, and energy sectors due to their exceptional combination of high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, their widespread application is still hindered by challenges such as limited room-temperature formability, high production costs, and complex microstructure evolution during processing. In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding and optimizing the crystallographic features of titanium alloys, including phase transformation, texture evolution, grain boundary characteristics, and deformation mechanisms. These crystallographic aspects play a critical role in governing the microstructure and, consequently, the mechanical performance of titanium alloys.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original research and review articles focusing on microstructure design and processing strategies for titanium alloys, with special emphasis on crystallography-driven approaches. Contributions may include studies on alloy design, thermomechanical processing, phase transformations, texture control, advanced characterization, and predictive modeling to better understand and optimize the structure and performance of titanium alloys.

Dr. Jong-Taek Yeom
Dr. Tea-Sung (Terry) Jun
Prof. Dr. Wookjin Lee
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • titanium alloys
  • crystallography
  • microstructure design
  • texture
  • phase transformation
  • grain refinement
  • thermomechanical processing
  • deformation mechanisms
  • processing–structure–property relationship

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

40 pages, 4728 KB  
Review
Crystallographic Texture and Phase Transformation in Titanium Alloys Fabricated via Powder Bed Fusion Processes: A Comprehensive Review
by Rajesh Kannan Arasappan, Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Tariq, Ha-Seong Baek, Minki Kim and Tea-Sung Jun
Metals 2026, 16(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16010025 - 26 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys enables the production of complex, high-performance components, but the steep thermal gradients and rapid solidification involved make it challenging to control crystallographic texture and phase evolution. This review synthesizes the current understanding of how these thermal conditions [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys enables the production of complex, high-performance components, but the steep thermal gradients and rapid solidification involved make it challenging to control crystallographic texture and phase evolution. This review synthesizes the current understanding of how these thermal conditions influence grain morphology, texture intensity, and solid-state transformations in key alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti6242), Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (Ti5553), and metastable β-Ti systems processed by powder bed fusion-based processes (PBF) such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF/EBM). Emphasis is placed on mechanisms governing epitaxial columnar β-grain growth, α′ martensite formation, and the development of heterogeneous α/β distributions. The impact of processing variables on texture development and transformation kinetics is critically examined, alongside phase fractions. Across studies, AM-induced textures are consistently linked to mechanical anisotropy, with performance strongly dependent on build direction and alloy chemistry. Post-processing strategies, including tailored heat treatments and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), show clear potential to modify grain structure, reduce texture intensity, and stabilize desirable phase balances in titanium alloys. These insights highlight the emerging ability to deliberately engineer microstructures for reliable, application-specific properties in powder-based AM titanium alloys. Full article
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