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Metals
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Residual Stresses—Prediction, Measurement, and Management
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Residual Stresses—Prediction, Measurement, and Management

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 9847

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Foroogh Hosseinzadeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Interests: residual stress; residual stress measurement techniques; residual stress engineering; residual stress prediction; contour method; hybrid methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Residual stresses are the locked-in stresses inevitably introduced in fabricated parts as a result of manufacturing processes. They cause distortion and can combine with operational stresses and result in premature failure of components. Alternatively, if residual stresses are engineered at the design stage, they can lead to improved performance and enhanced product lifetime. In the former case, knowledge of residual stresses is required for assessments supporting the safe operation and life extension of critical infrastructure, whereas in the latter case, detailed knowledge is required to manipulate the residual stress field through careful design, controlled manufacture processes, and lifetime management.

The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the recent progress and new developments regarding all aspects of residual stress characterization and approaches to control residual stresses in engineering components. This includes advances in residual stress prediction, development of hybrid techniques for measurement of residual stresses, and novel approaches in residual stress engineering.

Dr. Foroogh Hosseinzadeh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • residual stress
  • residual stress measurement techniques
  • residual stress engineering
  • residual stress prediction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 12286 KiB  
Article
An Approach to Predict Geometrically and Thermo-Mechanically Induced Stress Concentrations in Ribbed Reinforcing Bars
by Tobias Robl, Christoph Hubertus Wölfle, Muhammed Zubair Shahul Hameed, Stefan Rappl, Christian Krempaszky and Ewald Werner
Metals 2022, 12(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030411 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
Ribbed reinforcing steel bars (rebars) are used for the reinforcement of concrete structures. In service, they are subjected to cyclic loading. Several studies addressing the relationship between rib geometry, stresses at the rebar surface induced by service loads and the rebar fatigue performance [...] Read more.
Ribbed reinforcing steel bars (rebars) are used for the reinforcement of concrete structures. In service, they are subjected to cyclic loading. Several studies addressing the relationship between rib geometry, stresses at the rebar surface induced by service loads and the rebar fatigue performance can be found in literature. However, the rebar’s fatigue performance is also influenced by residual stresses originating from the manufacturing process. In this contribution, a modeling approach is proposed to examine geometrically and thermo-mechanically induced stress concentrations in ribbed reinforcing bars made of the steel grade B500B. A linear-elastic load stress analysis and a thermo-mechanical analysis of the manufacturing process are conducted. The results are discussed and compared to literature results. In case of the load stress analysis, the results agree well with findings reported in literature and extend the current state of knowledge for B500B rebars with small diameters. In case of the thermo-mechanical analysis, compressive residual stresses at the rebar surface between two ribs and tensile residual stresses in the longitudinal direction at the tip of the ribs can be reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stresses—Prediction, Measurement, and Management)
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22 pages, 64367 KiB  
Article
Experimental Characterisation and Numerical Modelling of Residual Stresses in a Nuclear Safe-End Dissimilar Metal Weld Joint
by Shuyan Zhang, Zhuozhi Fan, Jun Li, Shuwen Wen, Sanjooram Paddea, Lili Lu and Shiyi Li
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081298 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2638
Abstract
In this study, a mock-up of a nuclear safe-end dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joint (SA508-3/316L) was manufactured. The manufacturing process involved cladding and buttering of the ferritic steel tube (SA508-3). It was then subjected to a stress relief heat treatment before being girth [...] Read more.
In this study, a mock-up of a nuclear safe-end dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joint (SA508-3/316L) was manufactured. The manufacturing process involved cladding and buttering of the ferritic steel tube (SA508-3). It was then subjected to a stress relief heat treatment before being girth welded together with the stainless steel tube (316L). The finished mock-up was subsequently machined to its final dimension. The weld residual stresses were thoroughly characterised using neutron diffraction and the contour method. A detailed finite element (FE) modelling exercise was also carried out for the prediction of the weld residual stresses resulting from the manufacturing processes of the DMW joint. Both the experimental and numerical results showed high levels of tensile residual stresses predominantly in the hoop direction of the weld joint in its final machined condition, tending towards the OD surface. The maximum hoop residual stress determined by the contour method was 500 MPa, which compared very well with the FE prediction of 467.7 Mpa. Along the neutron scan line at the OD subsurface across the weld joint, both the contour method and the FE modelling gave maximum hoop residual stress near the weld fusion line on the 316L side at 388.2 and 453.2 Mpa respectively, whereas the neutron diffraction measured a similar value of 480.6 Mpa in the buttering zone near the SA508-3 side. The results of this research thus demonstrated the reasonable consistency of the three techniques employed in revealing the level and distribution of the residual stresses in the DMW joint for nuclear applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stresses—Prediction, Measurement, and Management)
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17 pages, 4085 KiB  
Article
Influence of Microstructure on Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Lattice Strain Measurement Uncertainty
by Chris A. Simpson, David M. Knowles and Mahmoud Mostafavi
Metals 2021, 11(5), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050774 - 9 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Accurate residual lattice strain measurements are highly dependent upon the precision of the diffraction peak location and the underlying microstructure suitability. The suitability of the microstructure is related to the requirement for valid powder diffraction sampling statistics and the associated number of appropriately [...] Read more.
Accurate residual lattice strain measurements are highly dependent upon the precision of the diffraction peak location and the underlying microstructure suitability. The suitability of the microstructure is related to the requirement for valid powder diffraction sampling statistics and the associated number of appropriately orientated illuminated. In this work, these two sources of uncertainty are separated, and a method given for both the quantification of errors associated with insufficient grain sampling statistics and minimization of the total lattice strain measurement uncertainty. It is possible to reduce the total lattice strain measurement uncertainty by leveraging diffraction peak measurements made at multiple azimuthal angles. Lattice strain measurement data acquired during eight synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments, monochromatic and energy dispersive, has been assessed as per this approach, with microstructural suitability being seen to dominate total measurement uncertainty when the number of illuminated grains was <106. More than half of the studied experimental data fell into this category, with a severe underestimation of total strain measurement uncertainty being possible when microstructural suitability is not considered. To achieve a strain measurement uncertainty under 10−4, approximately 3×105 grains must be within the sampled gauge volume, with this value varying with the multiplicity of the family of lattice planes under study. Where additional azimuthally arrayed data are available an in-plane lattice strain tensor can be extracted. This improves overall strain measurement accuracy and an uncertainty under 10−4 can then be achieved with just 4×104 grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residual Stresses—Prediction, Measurement, and Management)
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