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Metals
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Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials
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Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metallic Functional Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2026 | Viewed by 2945

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Claudio Aguilar

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Materiales, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
Interests: Ti-based alloys; thermodynamics; powder metallurgy; X-ray diffraction profile analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ariosto Medina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Michoacana University of San Nicolas of Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico
Interests: material characterization; surface engineering; synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Titanium and Ti-based alloys are widely used in engineering applications, such as in the aerospace, biomedical, chemical, and nuclear industries, because they have a high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and negligible biological impact on the human body. In the aerospace field, it is forecasted that the use of Ti-based alloys per plane should be increasing within the next year due to their high creep and oxidation resistance, good formability, and good strength/density ratio. In the biomedical area, the use of Ti-based alloys will be increasing because they exhibit only a slight biological impact on the human body, resulting in increases in human life expectancy. This Special Issue focuses on the research and development of Ti-based alloys and considers a wide range of topics stemming from the design theory of new alloys to applications.

Prof. Dr. Claudio Aguilar
Prof. Dr. Ariosto Medina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ti-based alloys
  • processing methods
  • microstructure
  • characterization of properties
  • theory
  • modeling and simulating

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8931 KB  
Article
Investigation of Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.5Ni Alloy
by Jialiang Sun, Yang Yu, Xingyu Ou-Yang, Bo Fu, Wenjun Ye, Yanfeng Li, Yumeng Luo and Songxiao Hui
Metals 2026, 16(4), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16040404 - 6 Apr 2026
Viewed by 574
Abstract
This study systematically investigates the hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.5Ni alloy under compression at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1010 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.1 s−1 to 10 s−1, with a maximum deformation of [...] Read more.
This study systematically investigates the hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.5Ni alloy under compression at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1010 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.1 s−1 to 10 s−1, with a maximum deformation of 75% (with a corresponding true strain of 1.4). An Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed, and a hot processing map was established using a dynamic material model (DMM). Microstructural evolution was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A hot processing map delineated stable and unstable regions. Regions with high power dissipation efficiency (η) were identified at deformation temperatures of 850–880 °C with strain rates of 0.1–10 s−1, and at 940–960 °C with strain rates of 1.5–10 s−1. These regions show high recrystallization fraction and good processing performance. The instability zone was observed at about 900 °C and high strain rate, which should be avoided during processing. The microstructure analysis of different power dissipation efficiency regions was carried out in detail. The results show that the power dissipation efficiency is about 0.38 at the deformation temperature of 950 °C and the strain rate of 0.1 s−1, accompanied by high dynamic recrystallization. However, when the deformation condition is 800 °C and 10 s−1, the power dissipation efficiency is lower than 0.18, the degree of recrystallization is limited, and a large number of dislocations accumulate. In summary, the large strain rolling of Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.5Ni alloy should be processed in the high-temperature α + β phase region (850–900 °C) and low-to-medium strain rate range of 0.1–5 s−1. The process conditions can promote high recrystallization fraction, good processability, and weakened crystallographic texture, thereby minimizing the anisotropy of the final sheet. This study provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of industrial hot processing parameters of the alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials)
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16 pages, 5226 KB  
Article
Feasibility Study of Low-Al TiAl Alloys with α2 Phase-Dominated Fully Lamellar Structures for Use as Jet Engine Blades
by Toshimitsu Tetsui
Metals 2026, 16(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16030335 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 225
Abstract
Despite their potential to improve properties such as the high-temperature strength required for jet engine blades, low-Al TiAl alloys have largely been overlooked. The most significant challenge is ensuring impact resistance, which is crucial for jet engine blade applications. First, this study evaluated [...] Read more.
Despite their potential to improve properties such as the high-temperature strength required for jet engine blades, low-Al TiAl alloys have largely been overlooked. The most significant challenge is ensuring impact resistance, which is crucial for jet engine blade applications. First, this study evaluated the impact resistance of fully lamellar Ti-38.75–50.25 Al binary alloys in relation to the effects of α2 phase ratio and spacing using a Charpy impact test. Subsequently, the impact of reducing Al content in Cr-added forged alloys and cast TiAl4822 was investigated. The results revealed that α2 phase spacing had the most significant impact on impact resistance at 800 °C. Coarse α2 phase spacing of approximately 6 μm, created in the high-Al material, provided the highest impact resistance. In contrast, the impact resistance of the low-Al material was low due to its extremely narrow α2 phase spacing. In forged alloys, reducing both Al content and β-stabilizing elements enabled the removal of the deleterious β phase through heat treatment, while maintaining good forgeability, thereby improving impact resistance and creep strength. In low-Al TiAl4822, the expected improvement in creep strength could not be achieved because the low-strength γ phase located at lamellar colony boundaries underwent preferential deformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials)
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15 pages, 7616 KB  
Article
Wear Behavior and Friction Mechanism of Titanium–Cerium Alloys: Influence of CeO2 Precipitate
by Sohee Yun, Dongmin Shin, Kichang Bae, Narim Park, Jong Woo Won, Chan Hee Park and Junghoon Lee
Metals 2025, 15(10), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101094 - 30 Sep 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 857
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the wear behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) by varying the Ce content to 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 wt.%. Alloys were fabricated using plasma arc melting, and wear resistance was evaluated under loads [...] Read more.
This work investigated the effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the wear behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) by varying the Ce content to 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 wt.%. Alloys were fabricated using plasma arc melting, and wear resistance was evaluated under loads of 1 N and 5 N dry sliding condition. Microstructural characterization confirmed the formation of CeO2 precipitates, whose size and distribution varied with the Ce content. The Ti-0.8Ce alloy exhibited the highest hardness (203 HV), showing a 35% increase compared to CP-Ti, and the lowest wear rate reduced by approximately 47% and 22% under 1 N and 5 N loads, respectively. In contrast, Ti-1.4Ce and Ti-2.0Ce formed coarse CeO2 precipitates, which acted as third-body abrasives. Although these alloys showed lower average friction coefficients than CP-Ti (up to 22% reduction), the enhanced abrasive interaction promoted material removal and increased wear rates. Notably, Ti-2.0Ce exhibited the most severe degradation in wear resistance, with wear rates increases of 21% and 27% under 1 N and 5 N loads, respectively. These findings demonstrate that while CeO2 precipitates reduce friction by suppressing direct metal–metal contact, their abrasive nature adversely affects wear resistance when the particle size and volume fraction are excessive. Therefore, 0.8 wt.% Ce was identified as the optimal composition for improving the wear resistance, achieving the best combination of high hardness, low wear rate without excessive third-body abrasion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials)
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11 pages, 5112 KB  
Article
Fabrication of a Porous TiNi3 Intermetallic Compound to Enhance Anti-Corrosion Performance in 1 M KOH
by Zhenli He, Yue Qiu, Yuehui He, Qian Zhao, Zhonghe Wang and Yao Jiang
Metals 2025, 15(8), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15080865 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 866
Abstract
Porous intermetallic compounds have the properties of porous materials as well as a combination of covalent and metallic bonds, and they exhibit high porosity, structural stability, and corrosion resistance. In this work, a porous TiNi3 intermetallic compound was fabricated through reactive synthesis [...] Read more.
Porous intermetallic compounds have the properties of porous materials as well as a combination of covalent and metallic bonds, and they exhibit high porosity, structural stability, and corrosion resistance. In this work, a porous TiNi3 intermetallic compound was fabricated through reactive synthesis of elemental powders. Next, detailed studies of its phase composition and pore structure characteristics at different sintering temperatures, as well as its corrosion behavior against an alkaline environment, were carried out. The results show that the as-prepared porous TiNi3 intermetallic compound has abundant pore structures, with an open porosity of 56.5%, which can be attributed to a combination of the bridging effects of initial powder particles and the Kirkendall effect occurring during the sintering process. In 1 M KOH solution, a higher positive corrosion potential (−0.979 VSCE) and a lower corrosion current density (1.18 × 10−4 A∙cm−2) were exhibited by the porous TiNi3 intermetallic compound, compared to the porous Ni, reducing the thermodynamic corrosion tendency and the corrosion rate. The corresponding corrosion process is controlled by the charge transfer process, and the increased charge transfer resistance value (713.9 Ω⋅cm2) of TiNi3 makes it more difficult to charge-transfer than porous Ni (204.5 Ω⋅cm2), thus decreasing the rate of electrode reaction. The formation of a more stable passive film with the incorporation of Ti contributes to this improved corrosion resistance performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ti-Based Alloys and Ti-Based Materials)
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