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Metals
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Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals
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Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 4226

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrii Kostryzhev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: thermo-mechanical processing of metal alloys and steel; scanning and transmission electron microscopy; microstructure characterisation; solid state phenomena; phase transformations; mechanical properties testing; microstructure–property relationships; chemical analysis; mineralogy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Olexandra O. Marenych

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: metal processing technologies; additive manufacturing; material properties; microstructure characterization; electron microscopy; chemical analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light metal alloys, that are based on Aluminium (Al), Magnesium (Mg), and Titanium (Ti), are widely used in transportation, aerospace, medicine, and various types of construction and consumer goods manufacturing. Growing production costs and a tendency to reduce energy consumption at the application stage heighten the requirements for improved mechanical properties (strength and toughness) and a greater strength-to-weight ratio. This initiates further developments of new alloy compositions and processing technologies.

The strength-to-weight ratio can be increased via additions of alloying metals with a density lower than the major element (for example, Li in an Al matrix or Mg in a Ti matrix). Energy saving in manufacturing can be achieved via reductions in the number of processing steps or a combination of several steps together. Energy saving technologies may include the following: (1) thin strip casting followed by 1–2 stages of hot/cold rolling; (2) warm rolling, when heat treatment is combined with the final deformation stage; Modern technologies of additive manufacturing have opened opportunities for shape customization, alloy design, and property enhancement. However, complex thermal profiles introduced into 3D-printed metal components require further technological optimization to equalize the properties throughout the volume or to assure the formation of a desirable microstructure–property gradient.

This Special Issue is dedicated to alloy design and the development of new processing technologies for modern Al-, Mg-, and Ti-based alloys. The effects of alloying elements, such as Si, Mg, Cu, Zr, Sc, Li, V, Nb, and Mo, on microstructure and mechanical properties will be analysed. Recent trends in additive manufacturing, thin strip casting, and thermo-mechanical processing will be discussed. Novel research results and comprehensive reviews of previously published data are welcome in this Special Issue.

Dr. Andrii Kostryzhev
Dr. Olexandra O. Marenych
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • light metals
  • thermomechanical processing
  • strengthening mechanisms
  • casting
  • additive manufacturing
  • mechanical properties
  • microstructure characterisation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

45 pages, 60152 KiB  
Article
Realization of a Novel FeSiAlCuSn Multicomponent Alloy and Characterization of Intermetallic Phases Formed at Different Temperatures During Cooling
by Pradeep Padhamnath, Filip Kuśmierczyk, Mateusz Kopyściański, Łukasz Gondek, Piotr Migas and Mirosław Karbowniczek
Metals 2025, 15(5), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15050479 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 192
Abstract
Ferrosilicon (FeSi) is a commercially important material with multiple uses in metallurgical processes. Recently, in an attempt to reduce the carbon impact of the FeSi production process, researchers have proposed using recycled Si recovered from electronic waste in the production of FeSi. However, [...] Read more.
Ferrosilicon (FeSi) is a commercially important material with multiple uses in metallurgical processes. Recently, in an attempt to reduce the carbon impact of the FeSi production process, researchers have proposed using recycled Si recovered from electronic waste in the production of FeSi. However, Si recovered from electronic waste usually contains Al, Cu, and Sn as impurities. Hence, FeSi alloys produced with recycled Si from electronic waste may contain all these elements in varying proportions. Al, Cu, and Sn have been explored as alloying elements to produce alloys with Fe. FeSiAl alloys have also been studied recently for their superior properties. In this work, a multicomponent FeSiAlCuSn alloy is produced, and the phases formed at different temperatures are analyzed using different phase identification techniques. We also analyze the hardness of the multicomponent alloy to find any deviation from the standard FeSi alloy without the additional alloying elements. Understanding the phases and the composition of such alloys may help design future multi-component or high-entropy alloys involving Fe, Si, Al, Cu, and Sn for specific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals)
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17 pages, 14021 KiB  
Article
Influence of Al and Ti Alloying and Annealing on the Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Cr-Fe-Ni Multi-Principal Element Alloy
by Keyan An, Tailin Yang, Junjie Feng, Honglian Deng, Xiang Zhang, Zeyu Zhao, Qingkun Meng, Jiqiu Qi, Fuxiang Wei and Yanwei Sui
Metals 2024, 14(11), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14111223 - 26 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 969
Abstract
This study meticulously examines the influence of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) on the genesis of self-generated ordered phases in high-entropy alloys (HEAs), a class of materials that has garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional multifunctionality and versatile compositional palette. By meticulously [...] Read more.
This study meticulously examines the influence of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) on the genesis of self-generated ordered phases in high-entropy alloys (HEAs), a class of materials that has garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional multifunctionality and versatile compositional palette. By meticulously tuning the concentrations of Al and Ti, this research delves into the modulation of the in situ self-generated ordered phases’ quantity and distribution within the alloy matrix. The annealing heat treatment outcomes revealed that the strategic incorporation of Al and Ti elements facilitates a phase transformation in the Cr-Fe-Ni medium-entropy alloy, transitioning from a BCC (body-centered cubic) phase to a BCC + FCC (face-centered cubic) phase. Concurrently, this manipulation precipitates the emergence of novel phases, including B2, L21, and σ. This orchestrated phase evolution enacts a synergistic enhancement in mechanical properties through second-phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening, culminating in a marked improvement in the compressive properties of the HEA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals)
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19 pages, 57788 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Behavior of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Wrought Ti6Al4V with a Martensitic Microstructure
by Sara Ricci and Gianluca Iannitti
Metals 2024, 14(9), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091028 - 10 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Processing and microstructure are fundamental in shaping material behavior and failure characteristics. Additively manufactured materials, due to the rapid heating and solidification process, exhibit unique microstructures compared to their as-cast counterparts, resulting in distinct material properties. In this work, the response of the [...] Read more.
Processing and microstructure are fundamental in shaping material behavior and failure characteristics. Additively manufactured materials, due to the rapid heating and solidification process, exhibit unique microstructures compared to their as-cast counterparts, resulting in distinct material properties. In this work, the response of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has been investigated for different processing conditions through quasi-static testing. AM Ti6Al4V was fabricated by employing Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) techniques. Both materials present a similar microstructure consisting of an acicular martensitic α′-phase. Commercial Ti6Al4V-grade 5 (supplied as bars) was also examined after heat treatment to achieve a microstructure akin to the AM material. The heat treatment involved rapid heating above the β-phase region and water quenching to obtain a full martensite microstructure. A similar constitutive behavior and tensile–compressive asymmetry in strength were noted for the investigated materials. However, AM alloys exhibited a significantly higher deformation at failure, reaching nearly 40%, compared to only 6.1% for the wrought martensitic material, which can be attributed to the dissimilar distribution of both α′ laths and prior-β grain boundaries in the investigated materials. The results indicate that AM can be implemented for the fabrication of martensitic microstructures with mechanical properties superior to those obtained with conventional water-quenching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals)
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14 pages, 9479 KiB  
Article
Effect of High Deformation without Preheating on Microstructure and Corrosion of Pure Mg
by Anna Dobkowska, Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak, Marlene Aydee Gonzalez Garcia, Wiktor Bednarczyk, Jenő Gubicza, Péter Jenei, Kamilla Mukhtarova, Marek Tkocz, Dariusz Kuc and Jarosław Mizera
Metals 2024, 14(8), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080949 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 873
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the extrusion ratio and the corrosion resistance of pure Mg deformed using extrusion with an oscillating die (KoBo) without preheating of the initial billet was investigated. The materials investigated in this study were extruded at high deformation [...] Read more.
In this study, the relationship between the extrusion ratio and the corrosion resistance of pure Mg deformed using extrusion with an oscillating die (KoBo) without preheating of the initial billet was investigated. The materials investigated in this study were extruded at high deformation ratios, R1 5:1, R2 7:1, and R3 10:1, resulting in significant grain refinement from the very coarse grains formed in the initial billet to a few µm in the KoBo-extruded samples at room temperature, which is not typical for hexagonal structures. Our research clearly shows that KoBo extrusion improves the corrosion performance of pure Mg, but there is no straightforward dependence between the extrusion ratios and corrosion resistance improvement. Although it was expected that the smallest grain size should provide the highest corrosion resistance, the dislocation density accumulated in the grain interiors during deformation at the highest extrusion ratio, R3 10:1, supports dissolution reactions. This, in turn, provides the answers for the greater grain size observed after deformation at R2 7:1, where dynamic recovery prevailed over dynamic recrystallization. This situation led to the annihilation of dislocation, leading to better corrosion resistance of the respective alloy. Therefore, the alloy with the greatest grain size has the best corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing Technology and Properties of Light Metals)
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