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Special Issue "Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management"

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A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2023 | Viewed by 13315

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Saleh

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Guest Editor

Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: periodontal surgery; guided tissue regeneration; implant surgery; guided bone regeneration; maxillary sinus augmentation; periodontal risk assessment; epidemiology; periodontal maintenance

Dr. Gustavo Fernandes

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Guest Editor

Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: bone grafting and biology; tissue repair; material testing; gingival recession; image analysis (histomorphometry and stereology); stem cell research; laser treatment; blood concentrates; dental implants; oral rehabilitation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The practical, contemporary, and evidence-based therapy/surgical approaches for treating periodontal and peri-implant tissues, including advanced forms of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and reconstructions, gingival recession, and complex cases requiring interdisciplinary management, are the most critical topic in this field. The research in this field focuses on the key points in periodontal therapy, i.e., diagnosis and prognosis, and presenting decision trees that can be useful in daily practice.

Articles on resective and/or regenerative techniques for the treatment of periodontitis/peri-implantitis and mucogingival surgical procedures for the management of soft tissue deficiencies will be considered for this Special Issue, which should describe and illustrate, in detail, cases that highlight important tips and tricks as well as potential difficulties and complications. Interdisciplinary care will be considered, which is of key importance when periodontal treatment is needed in cases requiring orthodontic, endodontic, oral rehabilitation, and restorative therapy. Advances in periodontal treatment and surgery are of value for practitioners at all levels of experience, as well as for students entering the field.

This Special Issue covers a large research field in periodontology, with a specific focus on research involving oral and periodontal surgery, biomaterials, and the management of oral disease, exposing diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcomes. Thus, clinical papers (RCT, CCT, case series, and case reports), systematic/narrative reviews, technical notes, and possible preclinical studies are all welcome.

Dr. Muhammad Saleh
Dr. Gustavo Fernandes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

periodontal surgery
dental implant surgery
guided bone regeneration
oral diseases
mucogingival surgery

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract for Oral Application Potential

Yu-Rin Kim

Gyoo-Cheon Kim

and

Seoul-Hee Nam

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091642 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 227

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study confirms the possibility of using Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract as a natural treatment for oral candidiasis. Materials and Methods: RVS was extracted with 70% ethanol to examine the antioxidant activity through polyphenol, flavonoid content, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). To evaluate the antifungal effect against Candida albicans (C. albicans; KCTC 7965/ATCC 10231) and evaluate the stability of RVS, a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Results: The findings revealed that RVS extract has fairly high antioxidant activity. The clear zones of the RVS extract against C. albicans increased in diameter due to the inhibition of fungal growth at higher concentrations. Treatment with the 1.25 mg/mL RVS extract had a more than 99% antifungal effect against C. albicans, and the 20 mg/mL RVS extract had a 100% antifungal effect. The WST-1 assay showed that the RVS extract induced low cell viability in the HaCaT cells, which inhibited their proliferation, and the RVS extract is also toxic to normal cells. Conclusions: Although the RVS extract with high antioxidant activity showed clear antifungal activity against C. albicans, it exhibited a low survival rate. Therefore, the development of a safe natural antibiotic is necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessArticle

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Assessment Using a Minimalistic Approach, with and without Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)—A Comparative Clinical Trial

K. Padmanabhan Akhil

Rashmi Pramashivaiah

Munivenkatappa Laxmaiah Venkatesh Prabhuji

Robina Tasleem

Hussain Almubarak

Ghadah Khaled Bahamdan

Alexander Maniangat Luke

Krishna Prasad Shetty

Niher Tabassum Snigdha

and

Shaeesta Khaleelahmed Bhavikatti

Medicina 2023, 59(6), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061178 - 20 Jun 2023

Viewed by 702

Abstract

Background and Objective: A narrow alveolar ridge is an obstacle to optimal rehabilitation of the dentition. There are several complex and invasive techniques to counter the ridge augmentation dilemma, with most of them exhibiting low feasibility. Hence, this randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Minimalistic Ridge Augmentation (MRA) technique, in conjunction with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients (n = 20) were selected, with 10 assigned to the test group (MRA+LLLT) and the other 10 to the control group (MRA). A vertical incision of approximately 10 mm was placed mesial to the defect and tunneled to create a subperiosteal pouch across the entire width of the defect. At the test sites, a diode laser (AnARC Fox^TM Surgical Laser 810 nm) was used to deliver LLLT (parameters: 100 mW, with a maximum energy distribution of 6 J/cm² in the continuous wave mode for 60 s per point) to the exposed bone surface inside the pouch, followed by graft (G-Graft, Surgiwear^TM, Shahjahanpur, India) deposition with a bone graft carrier. The control sites were not irradiated with a laser. Results: A horizontal ridge width gain of >2 mm was observed in both groups. The changes in bone density for the test and control groups were −136 ± 236.08 HU and −44.30 ± 180.89 HU, respectively. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in these parameters. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that the MRA technique is relatively simple and feasible for alveolar ridge augmentation. The role of LLLT in the process requires further elucidation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessArticle

The Interference of Age and Gender on Smile Characterization Analyzed on Six Parameters: A Clinical-Photographic Pilot Study

Joana Cunha

Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes

Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes

Pedro C. Lopes

and

Rute Rio

Medicina 2023, 59(3), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030595 - 17 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1089

Abstract

Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate six smile-esthetic parameters (deviation of the upper dental midline from the facial midline, upper lip curvature, smile line, smile arch, smile width, and shape of the maxillary central incisors), correlating them with age and gender. Materials and methods: Caucasian individuals (N = 114) were grouped by gender (male and female) and age (group I—18 to 30 years old; group II—31 to 50 years old; and group III—over 50 years old). Using a digital camera, extra and intraoral pictures were taken to analyze the variables above-mentioned. The data were statistically evaluated, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most participants found deviations of the upper dental midline, straight upper lip curvature, and the medium smile line coincided with the facial midline. The parallel smile arch exposing 9 to 11 upper teeth, the absence of exposure of lower teeth when smiling, and oval upper incisors were prevalent parameters. Regarding gender, significant results were found for the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.049), the smile arch (p = 0.001), and the shape of the upper central incisors (p = 0.004). For age, the association with the curvature of the upper lip (p = 0.032), the smile line (p = 0.001), the smile arch (p = 0.007), the width of the smile exposing lower teeth (p = 0.002), and the shape of the upper central incisors (0.012) were significant. Conclusions: Within this study’s limitations, gender and age affect the anterior teeth shape and upper lip curves; gender and age did not influence the coincidence between dental and facial midlines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Most Effective Apical Seal for Contemporary Bioceramic and Conventional Endodontic Sealers Using Three Obturation Techniques

and

Medicina 2023, 59(3), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030567 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1226

Abstract

Background and Objective: Despite a plethora of studies conducted to date, researchers continue to investigate the best sealer and obturation technique combinations. The aim of this study is to compare the apical seal provided by two bioceramic sealers (Endoseal and Endosequence) with that provided by a calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex), and to evaluate the effect of different obturation techniques (cold lateral condensation, continuous wave compaction and single cone) on the apical seal under a stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated, cleaned and shaped using the Endosequence filing system to tip size 30/0.04 taper. Canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. The samples were randomly divided into 11 groups (9 experimental and 2 control groups) according to the designated sealer and technique. Samples were stored in an incubator for 7 days at 37 °C under 100% humidity. Samples were coated with nail varnish except for apical 2 mm and vertically placed in 0.2% rhodamine B dye solution for 48 h. Samples were split longitudinally and viewed under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Results: Insignificant results were obtained between obturation techniques (p = 0.499) whereas statistically significant results were attained based on the type of endodontic sealer (p < 0.001). The overall lowest mean apical microleakage and best sealing ability was demonstrated by Sealapex (2.59 ± 1.20 mm) and amongst techniques by continuous wave compaction (3.90 ± 2.51 mm). Conclusions: Endosequence produced the best apical seal with the continuous wave compaction technique, whereas Endoseal did so with the bioceramic-coated single-cone technique. For the Sealapex sealer, the most effective apical seal was observed using cold lateral condensation. The quality and effectiveness of apical seal differed with the type of endodontic sealer and obturation technique used, and vice versa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Plasma-Rich Fibrin and De-Epithelialized Free Gingival Graft in the Treatment of Gingival Recessions

and

Medicina 2023, 59(3), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030447 - 23 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1484

Abstract

Introduction/Aim: Soft tissue dehiscences such as gingival recessions are a very common problem that we face in modern periodontics. This clinical study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of surgical procedures using a de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) combined with a coronally advanced flap and to evaluate the application of plasma-rich fibrin (PRF). Methods: The study included 40 teeth (20 patients) with Miller class I and II gingival recessions. Twenty recessions (20 patients) were treated utilizing the de-epithelialized gingival graft in combination with the coronally advanced flap, and on the opposite side of the jaw, the same number of recessions were treated utilizing plasma-rich fibrin combined with the coronally advanced flap. To evaluate tissue condition and the clinical parameters before and after the surgical procedure, the following parameters were used: the degree of epithelial attachment (DEA), the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and the vertical depth of recession (VDR). Results: based on the achieved results and the analysis of clinical parameters, a statistically significant reduction in the vertical depth of recession was proven in both groups, with very similar mean percentages of root coverage, with the difference being that the stability of the soft tissues of the treated region was more visible in the DGG. Conclusion: using modern surgical procedures allows the regeneration of not only the soft tissues but also deeper periodontal tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessArticle

Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insertion Torque and Implant Stability of Two Different Implant Macrogeometries in the Initial Periods of Osseointegration

Sergio Alexandre Gehrke

Guillermo Castro Cortellari

Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira Fernandes

Antonio Scarano

Rafael Garcia Martins

Renata Moreira Cançado

and

Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita

Medicina 2023, 59(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010168 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1195

Abstract

Objectives: The present study compared two implants with different macrogeometries placed in healed alveolar sites, evaluating the insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at three different periods. Methods: Seventy patients with a total of 100 dental implants were allocated into two groups (n = 50 per group): DuoCone implants (DC group) that included 28 implants in the maxilla and 22 in the mandible, and Maestro implants (MAE group) that included 26 in the maxilla and 24 in the mandible. The ITV was measured during the implant placement, and the ISQ values were measured immediately at implant placement (baseline) and after 30 and 45 days. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the ITV were statistically significant (p < 0.0001), 56.4 ± 6.41 Ncm for the DC group and 29.3 ± 9.65 Ncm for the MAE group. In the DC group, the ISQs ranged between 61.1 ± 3.78 and 69.8 ± 3.86, while the MAE group presented similar values compared with the other group, ranging between 61.9 ± 3.92 and 72.1 ± 2.37. Conclusions: The value of implant insertion torque did not influence the ISQ values measured immediately after implant placement. However, the ITV influenced the ISQ values measured in the two initial periods of osseointegration, with implants installed with lower torques presenting higher ISQ values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Benefits of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kelly R. V. Villafuerte

Cristhiam Jesus H. Martinez

Luiz H. Palucci Vieira

and

Atila V. Nobre

Medicina 2023, 59(4), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040684 - 30 Mar 2023

Viewed by 981

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze evidence of the clinical and microbiological benefits of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in smokers with periodontitis. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, through an electronic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles published in English until December 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 175 relevant articles, eight RCTs were included. Of these, seven reported clinical results and five microbiological results, with a follow-up time of 3–6 months. A meta-analysis was performed for the probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at 3 and 6 months. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were counted for the PD and CAL. The overall effect for the PD reduction at 3 and 6 months (WMD = −0.80, 95% CI = −1.44 to −0.17, p = 0.01; WMD = −1.35, 95% CI = −2.23 to −0.46, p = 0.003) was in favor of aPDT. The CAL gain (WMD = 0.79, 95% CI = −1.24 to −0.35, p = 0.0005) was statistically significant at 6 months, in favor of aPDT. In these RCTs, aPDT was unable to demonstrate efficacy in reducing the microbial species associated with periodontitis. aPDT as an adjuvant to SRP improves the PD reduction and CAL gain more effectively than only SRP. RCTs are needed to establish standardized protocols with longer follow-up times in order to provide more results on aPDT adjunctive to SRP in smokers with periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessReview

Histologic Evidence of Oral and Periodontal Regeneration Using Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

and

Medicina 2023, 59(4), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040676 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1150

Abstract

Human histology provides critical information on the biological potential of various regenerative protocols and biomaterials, which is vital to advancing the field of periodontal regeneration, both in research and clinical practice. Outcomes of histologic studies are particularly valuable when interpreted considering additional evidence available from pre-clinical and clinical studies. One of the best-documented growth factors areproven to have positive effects on a myriad of oral regenerative procedures is recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor—BB (rhPDGF-BB). While a systematic review of clinical studies evaluating rhPDGF in oral regenerative procedures has been recently completed, a review article that focuses on the histologic outcomes is needed. Hence, this communication discusses the histologic effects of rhPDGF-BB on oral and periodontal regenerative procedures, including root coverage and soft tissue augmentation, intrabony defects, furcation defects, peri-implant bone augmentation, and guided bone regeneration. Studies from 1989 to 2022 have been included in this review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Other

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Open AccessBrief Report

Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository

and

Medicina 2023, 59(5), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050919 - 11 May 2023

Viewed by 1051

Abstract

Background: Dietary supplements have been investigated for their impact on the periodontal apparatus (alveolar bone, mucosa, periodontal ligament, and cementum) and their hypothetical protective role against periodontitis. There remains a gap in the field in this area. Thus, the present study aims to examine the correlation between populations who report taking different dietary supplements and their relative periodontal health. Methods: The BigMouth dental data repository derived from the dental Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of the University of Michigan school of dentistry was used to extract data relating to all patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of periodontitis compared to periodontal health as related to supplement consumption was assessed. Results: A total of 118,426 individuals (55,459 males and 62,967 females) with self-reported consumption of the dietary supplements of interest were identified in the University of Michigan database via the BigMouth repository. Associations with the following vitamins were investigated, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Multivitamins, Fish oil, Calcium, Omega 3, Saw palmetto, Zinc, Sildenafil, Flax seed, Folic acid, Garlic pills, Ginger pills, Ginko, Ginseng, Glucosamine, Iron, and Magnesium. Out of these supplements, only multivitamins and iron were found to significantly favor periodontal health, while folic acid and vitamin E significantly favored periodontitis. Conclusions: This study found a minimal association between the consumption of dietary supplements with periodontal health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review

Sultan Mohammed Kaleem

Shahid Aziz

Humayoun Khan Durrani

Muhammed Ajmal

Ali Azhar Dawasaz

and

Shazina Saeed

Medicina 2023, 59(4), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040746 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune, mucocutaneous, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), which characteristically manifests with chronic, recalcitrant lesions, with frequent flare-ups and remissions. The precise etiopathogenesis of OLP is still debatable, although it is believed to be a T-cell-mediated disorder of an unidentified antigen. Despite the availability of various treatments, no cure for OLP exists due to its recalcitrant nature and idiopathic etiology. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to its regulatory action on keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. These salient properties substantiate the possible role of PRP in the treatment of OLP. Our systematic review focuses on assessing the therapeutic potential of PRP as a treatment modality in OLP. Materials and Methods: We conducted a detailed literature search for studies assessing PRP as a therapeutic regimen in OLP, using the Google Scholar and PubMed/MEDLINE search engines. The search was limited to studies published from January 2000 to January 2023 and included a combination of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. ROBVIS analysis was carried out for the assessment of publication bias. Descriptive statistics were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: This systematic review included five articles that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies demonstrated that PRP treatment considerably ameliorated both objective and subjective symptoms in OLP subjects, with comparable efficacy to the standard corticosteroid treatment. Further, PRP therapy offers the added benefit of minimal adverse effects and recurrences. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that PRP has significant therapeutic potential for treating OLP. However, further research with larger sample sizes is imperative to corroborate these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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Open AccessCase Report

Periodontal Phenotype Modification Using Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Bone Graft in the Mandibular Anterior Teeth with Mucogingival Problems Following Orthodontic Treatment

and

Medicina 2023, 59(3), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030584 - 16 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1468

Abstract

Among the complications of orthodontic treatment, mucogingival problems with gingival recession in the mandibular anterior teeth are challenging for clinicians. Mucogingival problems can lead to esthetic deficits, thermal hypersensitivity, tooth brushing pain, and complicated plaque control. Herein, we present a case of a 16-year-old female with gingival recession in the left mandibular central incisor after orthodontic treatment. The preoperative clinical findings showed a thin soft tissue biotype with root prominence in the mandibular anterior area. The interdental area was relatively depressed. After reflection of the full-thickness flap, root coverage using a bone graft substitute and subepithelial connective tissue graft obtained from the palatal mucosa was performed. The 6-month and 5-year postoperative clinical findings showed improved soft tissue phenotype. The cross-sectional CBCT scans 5 years after surgery showed a well-maintained labial bone plate in the mandibular incisors. Within the limitations of this case report, for patients with gingival recession in the mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment, a successful biotype modification can be achieved with a combined procedure using subepithelial connective tissue graft with bone graft substitutes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Oral and Periodontal Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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