Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Predetermined Definitions
- Periodontitis: a category of patients determined based on the presence of planned or completed current CDT codes that resemble surgical and non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in the respective patient’s EHR (e.g., D4341, D4342, D4240, D4241, D4260, D4261, etc.)
- Periodontal health/Gingivitis: a category of patients determined based on the presence of planned or completed dental terminology (CDT) codes that resemble treatment–or lack thereof–consistent with periodontal health and/or gingivitis in the respective patient’s EHR (e.g., D1110) in addition to absence of any codes assigned to the periodontitis group.
2.2. Sample Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
- #1—“D4210” OR “D4211” OR “D4240” OR “D4241” OR “D4245” OR “D4260” OR “D4261” OR “D4263” OR “D4266” OR “D4274” OR “D4341” OR “D4342” OR “D4910”
- #2—“D1110”
- #3—#2 NOT #1
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Periodontal Conditions and Supplement Intake
3.3. Gender Differences
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conditions | Total (n) | Total Periodontal Health/Gingivitis (n) | Percent (+) for Supplement Consumption with Periodontal Health/Gingivitis | Gender (M/F) | Total Periodontitis (n) | Percent (+) for Supplement Consumption with Periodontitis | Gender (M/F) | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Periodontal status only | 85,809 | - | 38,417/47,313 | 32,715 | - | 17,042/15,654 | - | ||
Dietary Supplements | Vitamin B | 2961 | 16,796 | 12.3% | 592/1471 | 7027 | 12.8% | 329/568 | 0.320 |
Vitamin C | 2138 | 15,217 | 10.1% | 550/983 | 6341 | 9.5% | 236/369 | 0.243 | |
Vitamin D | 6751 | 16,056 | 29.4% | 1261/3463 | 6682 | 30.3% | 649/1375 | 0.196 | |
Vitamin E | 881 | 14,991 | 3.9% | 191/399 | 6257 | 4.7% | 111/180 | 0.019 | |
Multivitamins | 8018 | 23,099 | 25.7% | 2236/3707 | 10,668 | 19.4% | 905/1168 | <0.001 | |
Fish oil | 3139 | 10,317 | 21.3% | 894/1306 | 4581 | 20.5% | 454/485 | 0.263 | |
Calcium | 3978 | 16,983 | 16.4% | 413/2367 | 7345 | 16.3% | 232/966 | 0.924 | |
Omega 3 | 797 | 13,468 | 4.2% | 193/373 | 6129 | 3.8% | 99/132 | 0.166 | |
Saw palmetto | 110 | 12,835 | 0.5% | - | 6043 | 0.7% | - | 0.135 | |
Sildenafil | 218 | 21,168 | 0.7% | - | 9221 | 0.9% | - | 0.068 | |
Zinc | 394 | 14,823 | 1.9% | - | 6208 | 1.8% | - | 0.518 | |
Tadalafil | 108 | 21,571 | 0.3% | - | 9461 | 0.4% | - | 0.454 | |
Flax seed | 409 | 9780 | 2.9% | - | 4389 | 2.8% | - | 0.573 | |
Folic acid | 975 | 9887 | 6.5% | - | 4430 | 7.6% | - | 0.019 | |
Garlic pills | 229 | 13,082 | 1.2% | -- | 6284 | 1.1% | - | 0.798 | |
Ginger pills | 45 | 5957 | 0.4% | - | 6268 | 0.3% | - | 0.286 | |
Ginko | 167 | 13,066 | 0.9% | - | 6279 | 0.9% | - | 1.000 | |
Ginseng | 62 | 13,038 | 0.3% | -- | 6269 | 0.4% | - | 0.145 | |
Glucosamine | 1262 | 13,337 | 6.4% | - | 6417 | 6.4% | - | 0.928 | |
Iron | 1513 | 13,386 | 8.3% | - | 6402 | 6.4% | - | <0.001 | |
Magnesium | 1456 | 22,088 | 4.7% | - | 10,260 | 4.2% | - | 0.055 |
Conditions | Total (n) | Periodontal Health/Gingivitis (n) | Percent (+) for Supplement Consumption with Periodontal Health/Gingivitis | Periodontitis (n) | Percent (+) for Supplement Consumption with Periodontitis | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Periodontal status only | 85,809 | - | 32,715 | - | - | ||
Dietary Supplements | Vitamin B | 2961 | 16,796 | 12.3% | 7027 | 12.8% | 0.320 |
Vitamin C | 2138 | 15,217 | 10.1% | 6341 | 9.5% | 0.243 | |
Vitamin D | 6751 | 16,056 | 29.4% | 6682 | 30.3% | 0.196 | |
Vitamin E | 881 | 14,991 | 3.9% | 6257 | 4.7% | 0.019 | |
Multivitamins | 8018 | 23,099 | 25.7% | 10,668 | 19.4% | <0.001 | |
Fish oil | 3139 | 10,317 | 21.3% | 4581 | 20.5% | 0.263 | |
Calcium | 3978 | 16,983 | 16.4% | 7345 | 16.3% | 0.924 | |
Omega 3 | 797 | 13,468 | 4.2% | 6129 | 3.8% | 0.166 | |
Saw palmetto | 110 | 12,835 | 0.5% | 6043 | 0.7% | 0.135 | |
Sildenafil | 218 | 21,168 | 0.7% | 9221 | 0.9% | 0.068 | |
Zinc | 394 | 14,823 | 1.9% | 6208 | 1.8% | 0.518 | |
Tadalafil | 108 | 21,571 | 0.3% | 9461 | 0.4% | 0.454 | |
Flax seed | 409 | 9780 | 2.9% | 4389 | 2.8% | 0.573 | |
Folic acid | 975 | 9887 | 6.5% | 4430 | 7.6% | 0.019 | |
Garlic pills | 229 | 13,082 | 1.2% | 6284 | 1.1% | 0.798 | |
Ginger pills | 45 | 5957 | 0.4% | 6268 | 0.3% | 0.286 | |
Ginko | 167 | 13,066 | 0.9% | 6279 | 0.9% | 1.000 | |
Ginseng | 62 | 13,038 | 0.3% | 6269 | 0.4% | 0.145 | |
Glucosamine | 1262 | 13,337 | 6.4% | 6417 | 6.4% | 0.928 | |
Iron | 1513 | 13,386 | 8.3% | 6402 | 6.4% | <0.001 | |
Magnesium | 1456 | 22,088 | 4.7% | 10,260 | 4.2% | 0.055 |
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Saleh, M.H.A.; Decker, A.; Tattan, M.; Tattan, O.; Decker, J.; Alrmali, A.; Wang, H.-L. Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository. Medicina 2023, 59, 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050919
Saleh MHA, Decker A, Tattan M, Tattan O, Decker J, Alrmali A, Wang H-L. Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository. Medicina. 2023; 59(5):919. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050919
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleh, Muhammad H. A., Ann Decker, Mustafa Tattan, Omar Tattan, Joseph Decker, Abdusalam Alrmali, and Hom-Lay Wang. 2023. "Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository" Medicina 59, no. 5: 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050919