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Medicina
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes...
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2025 | Viewed by 2772

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Timar

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Guest Editor
1. Department VII Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
2. Centre of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
3. Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: glycemic variability; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes technology; diabetic neuropathy; cardiac neuropathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Romulus Timar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department VII Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
2. Centre of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
3. Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: heart failure; time in range; time in tight range; liposome; monoclonal antibodies; Lp a; MASH
Dr. Adina Braha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
1. Department of Second Internal Medicine—Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
2. Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Pius Brînzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: bariatric surgery; nutritional interventions; chronic kidney disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The landscape of type 2 diabetes diagnosis is evolving rapidly with the advancements in technology and methodologies aimed at improving patient outcomes through more accurate and user-friendly monitoring solutions. These innovations not only enhance disease management but also hold promise for earlier detection and intervention.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest research findings in type 2 diabetes. Authors are encouraged to submit review/systematic reviews, meta-analysis papers, or original research articles focusing on new diagnostic markers for type 2 diabetes and its complications, nanotechnology as a tool for early diagnosis, continuous glucose monitoring, new drug classes, bariatric surgery, and gut–brain axis approaches for managing type 2 diabetes.

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Timar
Prof. Dr. Romulus Timar 
Guest Editors

Dr. Adina Braha
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel diagnostic markers of type 2 diabetes and its complications
  • continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes
  • time in tight range in type 2 diabetes
  • nanotechnology in type 2 diabetes
  • SGLT-2 inhibitors
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists
  • next-generation GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple agonists
  • amylin analogues
  • bariatric surgery in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity
  • gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • liposome
  • monoclonal antibodies
  • Lp a
  • MASH in type 2 diabetes
  • differentiated thyroid cancer and pancreatic cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1357 KiB  
Article
Real-World Sex Differences in Response to Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Analysis of Single-Center Outpatient Case Series
by Georgeta Victoria Inceu, Anca-Elena Crăciun, Dana Mihaela Ciobanu, Antonia Berchisan, Adriana Fodor, Cornelia Bala, Gabriela Roman and Adriana Rusu
Medicina 2025, 61(8), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61081343 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 255
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health burden with increasing prevalence, necessitating effective management strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as beneficial therapies, promoting both glycemic control and weight loss, yet real-world data on sex [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health burden with increasing prevalence, necessitating effective management strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as beneficial therapies, promoting both glycemic control and weight loss, yet real-world data on sex differences in response are limited. This study aimed to investigate sex-based differences in glycemic and weight outcomes, as well as adverse effects, in T2D patients treated with GLP-1 RAs at a single diabetes center. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 114 patients (58.8% men) with T2D who were initiated on GLP-1 RA therapy between 2015 and 2023 were evaluated. Data on HbA1c, BMI, and adverse events were collected at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment initiation. Results: Our findings indicated a statistically significant HbA1c reduction (from 8.6% at GLP-1 RA initiation to 6.9% at 12 months in men (p < 0.001) and from 8.4% at initiation to 7.0% at 12 months after GLP-1 RA initiation (p < 0.001) in women). By 12 months, a significantly greater proportion of women compared to men achieved ≥ 5% (51.1% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.019) and ≥10% weight loss (29.8% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.006), with both differences reaching statistical significance. A statistically significant difference in weight loss in mean weight change and percent weight change in men vs. women was observed from month 6 of therapy. Conclusions: These findings underscore the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs in improving glycemic control and weight loss in a real-world setting and suggest that women may experience greater weight reduction. Understanding these differences could inform personalized treatment strategies for optimized outcomes in T2D management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
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15 pages, 987 KiB  
Article
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Different Types of Thyroid Nodular Lesions Among Western Romanian Patients: A Comprehensive Clinical, Biochemical, and Hormonal Analysis
by Mervat Matei, Sergiu-Ciprian Matei, Flavia-Medana Petrașcu, Ioana Golu, Melania Balaş, Daniela Amzăr, Ana-Maria Ungureanu, Bianca Roxana Natarâş and Mihaela Maria Vlad
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071270 - 14 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of thyroid nodules and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has increased. This study firstly aims to assess the prevalence of T2DM among thyroid nodules patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in the Western Romanian population. By focusing on [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of thyroid nodules and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has increased. This study firstly aims to assess the prevalence of T2DM among thyroid nodules patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in the Western Romanian population. By focusing on the biochemical and hormonal parameters, it also aims to provide insights into possible connections between T2D and different types (benignant or malignant) of thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: A total of 926 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were analysed, comprising 99 (10.7%) T2D patients and 827 (89.3%) non-diabetic patients (non-T2D). Results: This study’s results revealed an increased prevalence of T2D among thyroid nodules patients. Among these patients, higher values of FT4 and inflammatory markers and a higher prevalence of malignant nodules (55%, p = 0.001) were noted. Conclusions: Our study revealed an increased prevalence of T2D among thyroid nodules patients. The biochemical profile of thyroid nodules in T2D patients presents aspects, like elevated FT4 and inflammatory markers, which should be considered in their clinical management. Furthermore, a T2D patient seems to be more likely to develop thyroid malignancies. Thyroid screening strategies in diabetic patients should be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
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8 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Practice—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Liana Iordan, Vlad Florian Avram, Bogdan Timar, Adrian Sturza, Simona Popescu, Oana Albai and Romulus Zorin Timar
Medicina 2024, 60(12), 1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121974 - 1 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1634
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects millions across the globe, generating a veritable public health issue through quality-of-life-reducing chronic complications, among which urinary tract infections are the most common. A shift in the disease managing paradigm from a glucose-centered view [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects millions across the globe, generating a veritable public health issue through quality-of-life-reducing chronic complications, among which urinary tract infections are the most common. A shift in the disease managing paradigm from a glucose-centered view to a concept of cardio-reno-metabolic health has uniquely placed SGLT2 inhibitors as viable medication for the complex management of T2DM and its comorbidities. Some concerns have been raised over the increased likelihood of urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use. The current study aims to evaluate the risk of developing urinary tract infections if patients with type 2 diabetes take SGLT2 inhibitors and determine those factors which make these patients more prone to develop this undesired complication. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, noninterventional evaluation of 328 patients with type 2 diabetes consecutively admitted to the Diabetes Clinic of “Pius Brinzeu” County Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, between January and February of 2024, was performed by examining medical charts and running statistical analyses using MedCalc version 22.26.0.0. Results: There was no statistical difference between patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors and those taking other glucose lowering medications when examining the presence of UTIs. Those patients with a higher HbA1c or BMI showed an increased predisposition to contracting UTI. The female gender was also associated with an increased likelihood of UTI. A further evaluation of the sublot of patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors revealed that not only higher BMI or HbA1c could be a predictor for the likelihood of developing UTI, but also a longer duration of T2DM was a predisposing factor. Conclusions: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase the likelihood of developing a urinary tract infection in this patient population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
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