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Medicina
Special Issues
Current Concepts and Advances in Respiratory and Emergency Medicine
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Current Concepts and Advances in Respiratory and Emergency Medicine

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2024) | Viewed by 7432

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ioannis Pantazopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Interests: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; respiratory medicine; emergency medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Christos F. Kampolis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: intensive care unit; lung cancer; interventional pulmonology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The objective of this Special Issue is to present cutting-edge research papers and review articles that delve into recent advancements in respiratory diseases and emergency medicine. Specifically, we seek submissions addressing a broad spectrum of topics, including, but not limited to obstructive, restrictive, vascular and infectious respiratory diseases, as well as emergency medicine, acute critical care, disaster medicine and related areas within both experimental and clinical research in respiratory and emergency medicine. The scope of interest extends to the following focal points:

  • Respiratory failure;
  • Non-invasive ventilation;
  • Nasal high-flow therapy;
  • Mechanical ventilation;
  • COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease);
  • Asthma;
  • Lung infections (e.g., COVID-19);
  • Pharmacology;
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
  • Toxicology;
  • Airway management;
  • Ultrasound applications in respiratory and emergency medicine.

We enthusiastically invite original, high-quality contributions that have not been previously published and are not presently under review by any other journal. Submissions should offer valuable insights and contribute to the ongoing discourse in the field of respiratory and emergency medicine.

Dr. Ioannis Pantazopoulos
Dr. Christos F. Kampolis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory diseases
  • emergency medicine
  • acute critical care
  • high-flow nasal oxygen
  • non-invasive ventilation
  • airway management
  • disaster medicine
  • trauma
  • cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • shock

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2111 KiB  
Article
Amikacin Liposomal Inhalation Suspension for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Infection: A Greek Observational Study
by Angeliki A. Loukeri, Evgenia Papathanassiou, Aikaterini Kavvada, Christos F. Kampolis, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Charalambos Moschos and Apostolos Papavasileiou
Medicina 2024, 60(10), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101620 - 3 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3230
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Intravenous amikacin, recommended for severe or recurrent M. avium complex (MAC) infections and as initial treatment for M. abscessus lung disease, is often limited by serious adverse effects such as renal and auditory toxicities. Inhaled Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Intravenous amikacin, recommended for severe or recurrent M. avium complex (MAC) infections and as initial treatment for M. abscessus lung disease, is often limited by serious adverse effects such as renal and auditory toxicities. Inhaled Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) enhances pulmonary drug deposition while minimizing systemic adverse effects, and it has recently been introduced as an add-on therapy for refractory MAC infections or when other standard treatments are inadequate. This study aims to retrospectively describe the outcomes of Greek patients with difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease following the addition of ALIS to guideline-based therapy. Materials and Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients (median age: 66 years) treated with ALIS as an add-on therapy to a standard regimen at “Sotiria” General Hospital of Chest Diseases (Athens, Greece) from 2020 to 2023 were enrolled in this study. These patients had recurrent or refractory NTM lung disease and/or limited treatment options due to prior treatment-related adverse effects. Clinical, radiological, and microbiological data on treatment response and overall outcomes after ALIS initiation were recorded for each patient. Results: By the end of 2023, 14 out of 17 patients had either successfully completed or were continuing their ALIS therapy. At 6 months, 85.7% (12/14) showed clinical, microbiological, and radiological improvement. However, 25% (3/12) of treated patients, primarily those with monomicrobial or combined M. abscessus lung disease, experienced disease relapse after therapy completion. The most frequent adverse effects related to ALIS were mild and localized to the respiratory tract, with only one patient discontinuing therapy due to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Conclusions: Adding ALIS to standard regimens was effective and safe in a small group of Greek patients with refractory or recurrent NTM lung disease, particularly those who had discontinued intravenous aminoglycosides due to significant adverse effects, with notable responses observed in MAC lung disease. Further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical practice and to investigate ALIS’s role in NTM lung disease caused by other species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts and Advances in Respiratory and Emergency Medicine)
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13 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Clinical Profiles, Laboratory Biomarkers, and Mortality in Cancer Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Samah Radwan, Dalia F. Mourad, Rana Hamdy, Mahmoud M. Kamel, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Dina M. Elkhashab and Dalia Y. Kadry
Medicina 2024, 60(6), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060901 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pose a substantial health burden worldwide, especially among immunocompromised groups like cancer patients. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore lower respiratory tract infections in cancer patients. We followed 107 cases with clinically or radiologically suspected [...] Read more.
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pose a substantial health burden worldwide, especially among immunocompromised groups like cancer patients. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore lower respiratory tract infections in cancer patients. We followed 107 cases with clinically or radiologically suspected lower respiratory tract infections until discharge or death, comprising 65 males and 42 females across diverse age groups. Clinical evaluations, including patient history, examination, and malignancy diagnosis, were conducted. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs), sputum samples, and blood samples were collected within 24 h of symptom onset. Multiplex Real-Time PCR allowed for the simultaneous detection of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, while conventional microbiological culture methods were used for bacterial and fungal analysis. SARS-CoV-2 infection was excluded in all of the enrolled patients using real-time RT-PCR. Hematological and biochemical analyses included hemoglobin, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, along with ALT, AST, creatinine, and CRP levels. Significant differences were noted in clinical presentations, management outcomes, and prognostic markers among patients with different hematological malignancies. Distinct clinical profiles were identified for leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors, with variations in age distribution and symptom prevalence. ICU admission rates varied significantly, with solid tumor patients exhibiting higher rates. The hematological and biochemical biomarkers differed across malignancies, with notable associations between lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mortality following respiratory episodes. This study highlights the critical role of rapid pathogen detection and infection control measures in safeguarding vulnerable cancer patients from nosocomial transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts and Advances in Respiratory and Emergency Medicine)
13 pages, 1541 KiB  
Article
Differential Effects of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and ARDS on Respiratory Mechanics in a Porcine Model
by Benjamin Seybold, Anna M. Deutsch, Barbara Luise Deutsch, Emilis Simeliunas, Markus A. Weigand, Mascha O. Fiedler-Kalenka and Armin Kalenka
Medicina 2024, 60(6), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060843 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common concerns in intensive care unit patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Although both conditions lead to impairment of global respiratory parameters, their underlying mechanisms differ substantially. Therefore, a [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common concerns in intensive care unit patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Although both conditions lead to impairment of global respiratory parameters, their underlying mechanisms differ substantially. Therefore, a separate assessment of the different respiratory compartments should reveal differences in respiratory mechanics. Materials and Methods: We prospectively investigated alterations in lung and chest wall mechanics in 18 mechanically ventilated pigs exposed to varying levels of intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) and ARDS. The animals were divided into three groups: group A (IAP 10 mmHg, no ARDS), B (IAP 20 mmHg, no ARDS), and C (IAP 10 mmHg, with ARDS). Following induction of IAP (by inflating an intra-abdominal balloon) and ARDS (by saline lung lavage and injurious ventilation), respiratory mechanics were monitored for six hours. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA to compare the alterations within each group. Results: After six hours of ventilation, end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) decreased across all groups, while airway and thoracic pressures increased. Significant differences were noted between group (B) and (C) regarding alterations in transpulmonary pressure (TPP) (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 11.3 ± 2.1 cmH2O, p < 0.001), elastance of the lung (EL) (8.9 ± 1.9 vs. 29.9 ± 5.9 cmH2O/mL, p = 0.003), and elastance of the chest wall (ECW) (32.8 ± 3.2 vs. 4.4 ± 1.8 cmH2O/mL, p < 0.001). However, global respiratory parameters such as EELV/kg bodyweight (−6.1 ± 1.3 vs. −11.0 ± 2.5 mL/kg), driving pressure (12.5 ± 0.9 vs. 13.2 ± 2.3 cmH2O), and compliance of the respiratory system (−21.7 ± 2.8 vs. −19.5 ± 3.4 mL/cmH2O) did not show significant differences among the groups. Conclusions: Separate measurements of lung and chest wall mechanics in pigs with IAH or ARDS reveals significant differences in TPP, EL, and ECW, whereas global respiratory parameters do not differ significantly. Therefore, assessing the compartments of the respiratory system separately could aid in identifying the underlying cause of ARF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts and Advances in Respiratory and Emergency Medicine)
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