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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2009) | Viewed by 121561

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Editor

Dr. Dominik Brühwiler

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Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
Interests: mesoporous materials; zeolites; host-guest inclusion compounds; dyes and pigments; polymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on functional hybrid materials has become one of the most rapidly developing fields of materials chemistry. In its most basic sense, a hybrid material is obtained by combining at least two components, commonly inorganic and organic, at the nanometer scale. Methods to synthesize inorganic-organic hybrid materials are often based on soft chemistry approaches, such as sol-gel processes, intercalation, exchange, or grafting. Considering the variety of combinations of components (and properties), inorganic-organic hybrids represent an intriguing class of materials with a large spectrum of applications. This special issue of Materials focuses on the synthesis of functional inorganic-organic hybrid materials, on the elucidation of structure-property relationships, as well as on the organization of hybrid building blocks on the micro- and macroscopic scale.

Dr. Dominik Brühwiler
Guest Editor

Keywords

Synthetic Strategies
Hierarchical Organization
Silica-based Hybrid Materials
Porous Structures
Smart Materials
Biological
Medical
Optical
Electronic Applications

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 818 KB

Open AccessArticle

Layer-by-Layer Method for the Synthesis and Growth of Surface Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks (SURMOFs)

by Osama Shekhah

Materials 2010, 3(2), 1302-1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3021302 - 23 Feb 2010

Cited by 136 | Viewed by 25967

Abstract

A layer-by-layer method has been developed for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their deposition on functionalized organic surfaces. The approach is based on the sequential immersion of functionalized organic surfaces into solutions of the building blocks of the MOF, i.e., the organic ligand and the inorganic unit. The synthesis and growth of different types of MOFs on substrates with different functionalization, like COOH, OH and pyridine terminated surfaces, were studied and characterized with different surface characterization techniques. A controlled and highly oriented growth of very homogenous films was obtained using this method. The layer-by-layer method offered also the possibility to study the kinetics of film formation in more detail using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance. In addition, this method demonstrates the potential to synthesize new classes of MOFs not accessible by conventional methods. Finally, the controlled growth of MOF thin films is important for many applications like chemical sensors, membranes and related electrodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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21 pages, 824 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Behavior of Oxalato-Bridged Rb⁺ and H₃O⁺ Extended Frameworks with Different Dimensionalities

by Hamza Kherfi, Malika Hamadène, Achoura Guehria-Laïdoudi, Slimane Dahaoui and Claude Lecomte

Materials 2010, 3(2), 1281-1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3021281 - 23 Feb 2010

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 15148

Abstract

Correlative studies of three oxalato-bridged polymers, obtained under hydrothermal conditions for the two isostructural compounds {Rb(HC₂O₄)(H₂C₂O₄)(H₂O)₂}_∞¹, 1, {H₃O(HC₂O₄)(H₂C₂O₄).2H₂O}_∞¹, 2, and by conventional synthetic method for {Rb(HC₂O₄)}_∞³, 3, allowed the identification of H-bond patterns and structural dimensionality. Ferroïc domain structures are confirmed by electric measurements performed on 3. Although 2 resembles one oxalic acid sesquihydrate, its structure determination doesn’t display any kind of disorder and leads to recognition of a supramolecular network identical to hybrid s-block series, where moreover, unusual H₃O⁺ and NH₄⁺ similarity is brought out. Thermal behaviors show that 1D frameworks with extended H-bonds, whether with or without a metal center, have the same stability. Inversely, despite the dimensionalities, the same metallic intermediate and final compounds are obtained for the two Rb⁺ ferroïc materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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7 pages, 480 KB

Open AccessArticle

Controllable Layered Structures in Polyoxomolybdate-Surfactant Hybrid Crystals

by Takeru Ito and Toshihiro Yamase

Materials 2010, 3(1), 158-164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3010158 - 6 Jan 2010

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 14550

Abstract

Inorganic-organic hybrid crystals containing α-octamolybdate (Mo₈) or hexamolybdate (Mo₆) were isolated by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium (C₁₆) surfactant. The packing mode of the inorganic layers depended on a difference in the polyoxomolybdate molecular structure. The structure for both crystals consisted of alternate stacking of C₁₆ organic bilayers and polyoxomolybdate inorganic layers with a periodicity of 24.4–24.6 Å. However, the C₁₆-Mo₈crystals contained Mo8 monolayers, while the C₁₆-Mo₆ crystals contained Mo₆ bilayers. These lattice structures for the polyoxometalate/organic hybrid will be designed by the molecular structures of polyoxometalate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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Review

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47 pages, 1732 KB

Open AccessReview

Progress of Multi Functional Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid System, A[Fe^IIFe^IIIX₃] (A = (n-C_nH2_n₊₁)₄N, Spiropyran; X = C₂O₂S₂, C₂OS₃, C₂O₃S)

by Norimichi Kojima, Masaya Enomoto, Noriyuki Kida and Koichi Kagesawa

Materials 2010, 3(5), 3141-3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3053141 - 11 May 2010

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 11800

Abstract

In the case of mixed-valence systems whose spin states are situated in the spin crossover region, new types of conjugated phenomena coupled with spin and charge are expected. From this viewpoint, we have investigated the multifunctional properties coupled with spin, charge and photon for the organic-inorganic hybrid system, A[Fe^IIFe^IIIX₃](A = (n-C_nH_2n+1)₄N, spiropyran; X = dto(C₂O₂S₂), tto(C₂OS₃), mto(C₂O₃S)). A[Fe^IIFe^III(dto)₃] and A[Fe^IIFe^III(tto)₃] undergo the ferromagnetic phase transitions, while A[Fe^IIFe^III(mto)₃] undergoes a ferrimagnetic transition. In (n-C_nH_2n+1)₄N [Fe^IIFe^III(dto)₃](n = 3,4), a new type of phase transition called charge transfer phase transition (CTPT) takes place around 120 K, where the thermally induced charge transfer between Fe^II and Fe^III occurs reversibly. At the CTPT, the iron valence state dynamically fluctuated with a frequency of about 0.1 MHz, which was confirmed by means of muon spin relaxation. The charge transfer phase transition and the ferromagnetic transition for (n-C_nH_2n+1)₄N[Fe^IIFe^III(dto)₃] remarkably depend on the size of intercalated cation. In the case of (SP)[Fe^IIFe^III(dto)₃](SP = spiropyran), the photoinduced isomerization of SP under UV irradiation induces the charge transfer phase transition in the [Fe^IIFe^III(dto)₃] layer and the remarkable change of the ferromagnetic transition temperature. In the case of (n-C_nH_2n+1)₄N[Fe^IIFe^III(mto)₃](mto = C₂O₃S), a rapid spin equilibrium between the high-spin state (S = 5/2) and the low-spin state (S = 1/2) at the Fe^IIIO₃S₃ site takes place in a wide temperature range, which induces the valence fluctuation of the FeS₃O₃ and FeO₆ sites through the ferromagnetic coupling between the low spin state (S = 1/2) of the Fe^IIIS₃O₃ site and the high spin state (S = 2) of the Fe^IIO₆ site. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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46 pages, 991 KB

Open AccessReview

End-Grafted Polymer Chains onto Inorganic Nano-Objects

by Demetra S. Achilleos and Maria Vamvakaki

Materials 2010, 3(3), 1981-2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3031981 - 18 Mar 2010

Cited by 78 | Viewed by 19709

Abstract

Organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials have attracted particular scientific and technological interest because they combine the properties of the organic and the inorganic component. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit interesting electrical, optical, magnetic and/or catalytic properties, which are related with their nano-scale dimensions. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio often induces agglomeration and leads to the loss of their attractive properties. Surface modification of the inorganic nano-objects with physically or chemically end-tethered polymer chains has been employed to overcome this problem. Covalent tethered polymer chains are realized by three different approaches: the “grafting to”, the “grafting from” and the “grafting through” method. This article reviews the synthesis of end-grafted polymer chains onto inorganic nanoparticles using “controlled/living” polymerization techniques, which allow control over the polymer characteristics and the grafting density of the end-tethered polymer chains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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21 pages, 956 KB

Open AccessReview

Hybrid Integrated Platforms for Silicon Photonics

by Di Liang, Gunther Roelkens, Roel Baets and John E. Bowers

Materials 2010, 3(3), 1782-1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3031782 - 12 Mar 2010

Cited by 298 | Viewed by 32274

Abstract

A review of recent progress in hybrid integrated platforms for silicon photonics is presented. Integration of III-V semiconductors onto silicon-on-insulator substrates based on two different bonding techniques is compared, one comprising only inorganic materials, the other technique using an organic bonding agent. Issues such as bonding process and mechanism, bonding strength, uniformity, wafer surface requirement, and stress distribution are studied in detail. The application in silicon photonics to realize high-performance active and passive photonic devices on low-cost silicon wafers is discussed. Hybrid integration is believed to be a promising technology in a variety of applications of silicon photonics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials)

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