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Special Issue "Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues"

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2023 | Viewed by 4323

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Guo Chen

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Guest Editor

Kunming Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: microwave heating; comprehensive utilization of metal resources; manganese ore; titanium slag; biomass reduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-ferrous metals and alloys are essential resources for the development of modern industries. With the depletion of natural minerals, the recovery of non-ferrous metal from metallurgical residues attracts researchers from multidisciplinary areas. Ideas of new recovering routes reduce pressures on natural resources and the environment, thus benefiting better manufacturing sustainability.

This Special Issue primarily considers papers focused on the theoretical and engineering aspects of the processing of metals recovery from metallurgical residues. We are inviting papers that include but are not limited to the original work or review article embodying the results of extensive field, plant, laboratory, or theoretical investigation, with any of the following thematic areas:

Non-hazardous treatment of metallurgical residues;
Novel applications of metallurgical residues;
A novel process for the recycling of non-ferrous metals and alloys;
Biomass pyrogenation;
Metallurgical reaction engineering of technological processes.

Prof. Dr. Guo Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

metal recycling
biomass
microwave heating
metallurgical residue
comprehensive utilization of metal resources
hazard-free treatment of industrial waste
non-ferrous
metallurgical process optimization
energy saving
carbothermic reduction

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Spherical Ultrafine Silver Particles Using Y-Type Microjet Reactor

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Materials 2023, 16(6), 2217; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062217 - 10 Mar 2023

Viewed by 354

Abstract

Herein, micron-sized silver particles were prepared using the chemical reduction method by employing a Y-type microjet reactor, silver nitrate as the precursor, ascorbic acid as the reducing agent, and gelatin as the dispersion at room temperature (23 °C ± 2°C). Using a microjet reactor, the two reaction solutions collide and combine outside the reactor, thereby avoiding microchannel obstruction issues and facilitating a quicker and more convenient synthesis process. This study examined the effect of the jet flow rate and dispersion addition on the morphology and size of silver powder particles. Based on the results of this study, spherical and dendritic silver particles with a rough surface can be prepared by adjusting the flow rate of the reaction solution and gelatin concentration. The microjet flow rate of 75 mL/min and the injected gelatin amount of 1% of the silver nitrate mass produced spherical ultrafine silver particles with a size of 4.84 μm and a tap density of 5.22 g/cm³. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Micro-Size Spherical Silver Particles and Their Application in Conductive Silver Paste

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Materials 2023, 16(4), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041733 - 20 Feb 2023

Viewed by 493

Abstract

In this paper, micro-size spherical silver particles were prepared by using a wet-chemical reduction method. The silver particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a laser particle-size analyzer. The results indicate that different types and the content of surfactants can be used to prevent the accumulation, and control the morphology and particle size distribution, of silver particles. Moreover, the morphology of silver particles was changed from polyhedral to spherical when the pH was raised from 1 to 3. Under the optimal synthesis conditions (0.1 mol/L silver nitrate, 0.06 mol/L ascorbic acid, gelatin (5% by weight of silver nitrate), pH = 1), the micro-size spherical silver particles with diameter of 5–8 μm were obtained. In addition, the resistivity of conductive silver paste that prepared with the as-synthesized spherical silver particles was discussed in detail and the average resistivity of the conductive silver paste was 3.57 × 10⁻⁵ Ω·cm after sintering at 140 °C for 30 min. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

Effect of Cu on the Formation of Reversed Austenite in Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

Wen Jiang

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Kunyu Zhao

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031302 - 03 Feb 2023

Viewed by 434

Abstract

We investigated the effect of Cu on the formation of reversed austenite in super martensitic stainless steel by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Our results showed that the microstructure of the steels comprised tempered martensite and diffused reversed austenite after the steels were quenched at 1050 °C and tempered at 550–750 °C. The volume fraction of reversed austenite in the steel with 3 wt.% of Cu (3Cu) was more than that with 1.5 wt.% of Cu (1.5Cu). The transmission electron microscope results revealed that the reversed austenite in 1.5Cu steel mainly had the shape of a thin strip, while that in 3Cu steel had a block shape. The nucleation points and degree of Ni enrichment of reversed austenite in 3Cu steel were higher than those in 1.5Cu steel. The reversed austenite was more likely to grow in ε-Cu enriched regions. Therefore, Cu can promote reversed austenite nucleation and growth. The mechanical properties of 3 Cu steel are obviously better than those of 1.5Cu steel when tempered at 550–650 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

Hot Deformation Behavior of TA1 Prepared by Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting with a Single Pass

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Materials 2023, 16(1), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010369 - 30 Dec 2022

Viewed by 649

Abstract

The Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator was used for hot compression simulation to understand the hot deformation performance of TA1 prepared by the single-pass electron beam cold hearth (EB) process. The deformation degree is 50% on a thermal simulator when the temperature range is 700–900 °C, with a strain rate of 0.01–10⁻¹ s. According to the thermal deformation data, the true stress-strain curve of TA1 was studied. Meanwhile, the constitutive model and processing map were established through the experimental data. These results indicate that the deformation temperature negatively affects strain rate and flow stress. The heat deformation activation energy of EB produced TA1 sample was lower than that of VAR produced TA1 sample in the studied range. The best processing areas of EB-produced TA1 were strain rates of 0.05–0.01 s⁻¹, within 700–770 °C; or strain rates of 0.01–0.15 s⁻¹; 840–900 °C. The results of this paper enrich the fundamental knowledge of the thermal deformation behavior of TA1 prepared by EB furnaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

Study on the Roasting Process of Guisha Limonite Pellets

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Materials 2022, 15(24), 8845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248845 - 11 Dec 2022

Viewed by 473

Abstract

In this paper, a pelletizing method has been researched to enhance the subsequent iron-making process applying Guisha limonite, with advantages including large reserves and low price. The purpose is to provide an alternative for the sinter, thus reducing the greenhouse gas emission during the iron-making process. The response surface method is used to optimize the experimental design of the pelleting process. A multivariate regression model for estimating the compressive strength of pellets was developed using Box–Behnken experimental methodology, where the relevant factors were the roasting temperature, pellet diameter, and bentonite content. The maximum influencing factors of each experimental design response are determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Under optimum conditions, the compressive strength of pure limonite pellets is 2705 N, similar to the response goal value of 2570.3 N, with a relative error of 5.20%. Since the high-grade iron ore resources are depleted, the comprehensive utilization of ore resources is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this paper was to provide a valuable technical foundation for lignite pellet-roasting processes in the iron and steel industries, since steel companies is increasing its imports of Guisha limonite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

Studies on the Processing of Fine Dusts from the Electric Smelting of Ilmenite Concentrates to Obtain Titanium Dioxide

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Arailym Mukangaliyeva

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8314; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238314 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 485

Abstract

This article presents studies on the ammonium fluoride processing of dusts from the reduction smelting of ilmenite concentrate with separation of silicon to obtain titanium dioxide. Optimal conditions for pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides were determined. The effects of temperature and duration on the process were studied. The optimal conditions for pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides were a temperature of 600 °C and duration of 240–300 min. The degree of titanium fluoride conversion to titanium oxide was 99.5% at these conditions. Titanium dioxide obtained by pyrohydrolysis of titanium fluorides was purified from iron, chromium, and manganese impurities. The effect of hydrochloric acid solution concentration, S:L ratio, and the process duration on the purification degree of titanium fluoride pyrohydrolysis was studied. The following optimum purification conditions were determined: hydrochloric acid solution concentration 12.5–15 wt%, temperature 25–30 °C, S:L = 1:6÷8, duration 20–30 min. The purified titanium dioxide consisted mainly of anatase. The pigmented titanium dioxide of rutile modification with 99.8 wt% TiO₂ was obtained after calcination at 900 °C for 120 min. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Mechanism and Kinetics of Ultrasound-Enhanced Sulfuric Acid Leaching for Zinc Extraction from Zinc Oxide Dust

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Materials 2022, 15(17), 5969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175969 - 29 Aug 2022

Viewed by 700

Abstract

As an important secondary zinc resource, large-scale reserves of zinc oxide dust (ZOD) from a wide range of sources is of high comprehensive recycling value. Therefore, an experimental study on ultrasound-enhanced sulfuric acid leaching for zinc extraction from zinc oxide dust was carried out to investigate the effects of various factors such as ultrasonic power, reaction time, sulfuric acid concentration, and liquid–solid ratio on zinc leaching rate. The results show that the zinc leaching rate under ultrasound reached 91.16% at a temperature of 25 °C, ultrasonic power 500 W, sulfuric acid concentration 140 g/L, liquid–solid ratio 5:1, rotating speed 100 r/min, and leaching time 30 min. Compared with the conventional leaching method (leaching rate: 85.36%), the method under ultrasound increased the zinc leaching rate by 5.8%. In a kinetic analysis of the ultrasound-enhanced sulfuric acid leaching of zinc oxide dust, the initial apparent activation energy of the reaction was 6.90 kJ/mol, indicating that the ultrasound-enhanced leaching process was controlled by the mixed solid product layers. Furthermore, the leached residue was characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS, and the results show that, with ultrasonic waves, the encapsulated mineral particles were dissociated, and the dissolution of ZnO was enhanced. Mostly, the zinc in leached residue existed in the forms of ZnFe₂O₄, Zn₂SiO₄, and ZnS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery of Non-ferrous Metal from Metallurgical Residues)

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