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Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 11500

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Georgios Romanos

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Rockland Hall 106, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA
2. Department of Oral Surgery and Implant, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Interests: advances in material research; bone regeneration; materials; periodontal regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted and honored to be the Guest Editor of the Special Issue of Materials focused on advances in bone regeneration as well as periodontal regeneration using new materials and manufacturing techniques. The Special Issue will present new opportunities for clinicians and researchers to evaluate the present status of practice developing new protocols and methods improving bone formation, periodontal healing and regeneration. The quality of the submitted manuscripts will be managed professionally by the MDPI team in an efficient and professional way. I am personally interested in promoting, in a global level, novel materials and technologies, establishing an avenue for evidence-based practice improving the clinical outcomes.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Georgios Romanos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

bone formation
bone regeneration
materials
periodontal healing
periodontal regeneration
surgical techniques
wound healing

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Dental Membranes and Its Effects on Cellular Adhesion

by Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Nicholas Alexander Mirsky, Blaire V. Slavin, Lukasz Witek, Paulo G. Coelho and Nick Tovar

Materials 2023, 16(20), 6633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206633 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 873

Abstract

Non-resorbable dental barrier membranes entail the risk of dehiscence due to their smooth and functionally inert surfaces. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment has been shown to increase the hydrophilicity of a biomaterials and could thereby enhance cellular adhesion. This study aimed to elucidate the role of allyl alcohol NTP treatment of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) in its cellular adhesion. The materials (non-treated PTFE membranes (NTMem) and NTP-treated PTFE membranes (PTMem)) were subjected to characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Cells were seeded upon the different membranes, and cellular adhesion was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using fluorescence labeling and a hemocytometer, respectively. PTMem exhibited higher surface energies and the incorporation of reactive functional groups. NTP altered the surface topography and chemistry of PTFE membranes, as seen through SEM, XPS and ESCA, with partial defluorination and polymer chain breakage. Fluorescence labeling indicated significantly higher cell populations on PTMem relative to its untreated counterparts (NTMem). The results of this study support the potential applicability of allyl alcohol NTP treatment for polymeric biomaterials such as PTFE—to increase cellular adhesion for use as dental barrier membranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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10 pages, 1170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Assessment of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Granules and Paste Forms in Human Maxillary Sinus Bone Augmentation: A Randomized, Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

by João Paulo Bonardi, Rodrigo dos Santos Pereira, Carlos F. Mourão, Bruno Coelho Mendes, Adam Lowenstein, Pietro Montemezzi, Flavio Giubilato, Roberta Okamoto and Eduardo Hochuli-Vieira

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031059 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1015

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to compare the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) using two different forms—(1) granules and (2) paste—in human maxillary sinus bone reconstruction as a split-mouth study using histomorphometric and immunolabeling for osteocalcin. Ten patients with bilateral maxillary posterior partial edentulism were selected in order to reconstruct bone height. They were divided into two groups: BCPG and BCP-P. After six months of bone healing, biopsies were harvested to assess the new bone formation and immunostaining for osteocalcin. The BCP g group had the following results: mean of bone formation in pristine bone 49.4 ± 21.6%, intermediate 49.4 ± 16.2%, and apical 55.3 ± 21.4%. The group BCP-P had a mean of 41.9 ± 17.3% in the pristine bone region, 37.5 ± 7.8% for intermediate, and 39.0 ± 13.5% for apical. The osteocalcin immunolabeling was high for both groups, demonstrating bone calcification. Thus, the two biomaterials present suitable results for the placement of dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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13 pages, 2430 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure and Properties of Bioactive Glass-Modified Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Biphasic Porous Self-Curing Bone Repair Materials and Preliminary Research on Their Osteogenic Effect

by Tao Tan, Danyang Song, Suning Hu, Xiangrui Li, Mei Li, Lei Wang and Hailan Feng

Materials 2022, 15(22), 7898; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227898 - 08 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1333

Abstract

In this study, calcium phosphate (CP)/calcium sulfate biphasic bone repair materials were modified with bioactive-glass (BG) to construct a self-curing bone repair material. Tetracalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) with different BG ratios and phosphate solution were reacted to prepare a porous self-curing bone repair material (CP/CSH/BG). The solidification time was about 12 min, and the material was morphologically stable in 24 h. The porosity was about 50%, with a pore size around 200 μm. The strength of CP/CSH/BG was approaching trabecular bone, and could be gradually degraded in Tris-HCl solution. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the leaching solution of the materials. Cytotoxicity was detected using Cell Counting Kit 8 assays, and the expression of osteogenesis-related biomarkers was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that all BG groups had increased ALP and ARS staining, implying that the BG groups could promote osteoblast mineralization in vitro. qRT-PCR showed significant upregulation of bone-related gene expression (Osx, Ocn, Runx2, and Col1) in the 20% BG group (p < 0.05). Therefore, the CP/CSH/BG self-curing bone repair materials can promote osteogenesis, and might be applied for bone regeneration, especially for polymorphic bone defect repair. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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11 pages, 1635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Toxicity of Bone Graft Materials to Human Mineralizing Cells

by Fan Yang, Kao Li, Shi Fu, Michael Cuiffo, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich and Georgios E. Romanos

Materials 2022, 15(5), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051955 - 06 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2001

Abstract

Bone graft materials from synthetic, bovine, and human sources were analyzed and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2). Raman spectroscopy indicated significant amounts of collagen only in human bone-derived materials, where the mineral to protein ratio was 3.55 ± 0.45, consistent with bone. X-ray fluorescence revealed tungsten (W) concentrations of 463 ± 73, 400 ± 77, and 92 ± 42 ppm in synthetic, bovine, and human bone chips, respectively. When these chips were added to DPSCs on tissue culture plastic, the doubling times after two days were the same as the controls, 16.5 ± 0.5 h. Those cultured with synthetic or bovine chips were 96.5 ± 8.1 and 25.2 ± 1.4 h, respectively. Saos-2 was more sensitive. During the first two days with allogeneic or bovine graft materials, cell numbers declined. When DPSC were cultured on collagen, allogeneic and bovine bone chips did not increase doubling times. We propose cytotoxicity was associated with tungsten, where only the concentration in human bone chips was below 184 ppm, the value reported as cytotoxic in vitro. Cells on collagen were resistant to bone chips, possibly due to tungsten adsorption by collagen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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10 pages, 3222 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spectrometric Analysis of the Wear from Metallic and Ceramic Dental Implants following Insertion: An In Vitro Study

by Georgios E. Romanos, Gerard A. Fischer, Zaid T. Rahman and Rafael Delgado-Ruiz

Materials 2022, 15(3), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031200 - 04 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1579

Abstract

Titanium wear is a growing area of interest within dental implantology. This study aimed to investigate titanium and zirconium wear from dental implants at the time of insertion using X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and an in vitro protocol utilizing artificial bovine bone plates. Five groups were analyzed using XRF-spectrometry: groups 1–4 (titanium implants) and group 5 (zirconia implants). The implants were inserted into two bone blocks held together by a vice. The blocks were separated, and the insertion sites were analyzed for titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr). Statistical descriptive analyses of Ti and Zr concentrations in the coronal, middle and apical bone interface were performed. A comparative analysis confirmed differences between the implant’s surface stability and Ti accumulation within the insertion sites of the bone block. There was a direct relationship between implant length and the quantity of titanium found on the bone block. The data generally indicates greater quantities of titanium in the coronal thirds of the implants, and less in the apical thirds. The titanium and zirconium found in the bone samples where the group 5 implants were inserted was not of statistical significance when compared to control osteotomies. The results of this study confirm wear from metallic, but not ceramic, dental implants at the time of insertion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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9 pages, 1565 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Application of a Bio-Adhesive on the Removal Torque Value and Rotational Misfit at the Implant–Abutment Junction: An In Vitro Study

by Mahnaz Arshad, Sina Khayat Zadeh, Mohammad Atai, Gholamreza Shirani, Georgios E. Romanos and Seyed Hossein Bassir

Materials 2021, 14(22), 6832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226832 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of application of a recently developed bio-adhesive (Impladhesive) to abutment screw threads on the removal torque value and rotational misfit at the implant–abutment junction. This in vitro study evaluated 20 implant fixtures and 20 straight abutments. Specimens were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) with/without adhesive application. In the adhesive group, the abutment was dipped in Impladhesive before torquing. In the control group, the abutment was torqued conventionally without adhesive application. The removal torque value was recorded after completion of the cyclic loading of 500,000 cycles with 2 Hz frequency and 75 N load. Rotational misfit was recorded using a video measuring machine. After applying the torque, the change in the bisector angle on the abutment hex was recorded for each implant. The biocompatibility of Impladhesive was evaluated using a MTT cell vitality assay. Normal distribution of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using a t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient The application of Impladhesive at the implant–abutment interface resulted in significantly greater mean removal torque value compared to the control group (p = 0.008). In addition, the mean rotational misfit at the implant–abutment interface was significantly lower in the use of Impladhesive compared to the control group (p = 0.001). In addition, the cell vitality was found to be greater than 80% at all evaluated time points. It can be concluded that the application of Impladhesive on the abutment screw significantly decreased rotational misfit and increased the removal torque value. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this bio-adhesive an in vivo setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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Other

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27 pages, 3537 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Adjunctive Use of Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Periodontal Endosseous and Furcation Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Eudoxie Pepelassi and Maria Deligianni

Materials 2022, 15(6), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062088 - 11 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2409

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials was to evaluate the adjunctive use of leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in periodontal endosseous and furcation defects, as compared without L-PRF. The endosseous defect group was subclassified into: L-PRF/open flap debridement (L-PRF/OFD) versus OFD, L-PRF/osseous graft (L-PRF/OG) versus OG, L-PRF/Emdogain (L-PRF/EMD) versus EMD, and L-PRF/guided tissue regeneration (L-PRF/GTR) versus GTR. The furcation defect group was subclassified into L-PRF/OFD versus OFD, and L-PRF/OG versus OG. Mean difference, 95% confidence intervals and forest plots were calculated for probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic defect depth (DD). Nineteen studies concerning systemically healthy non-smokers were included. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed in two- and/or three-wall endosseous defects that the adjunctive use of L-PRF to OFD or OG was significantly beneficial for PPD reduction, CAL gain and DD reduction, as compared without L-PRF. Furthermore, the data showed that for two- and/or three-wall endosseous defects, the adjunctive use of L-PRF to GTR was significantly beneficial for CAL and DD improvement, whereas adding L-PRF to EMD had no significant effect, and that for class II furcation defects, the addition of L-PRF to OFD was significantly beneficial for PPD, CAL and DD improvement, whereas the addition of L-PRF to OG was significantly clinically beneficial. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that there was significant clinical and radiographic additive effectiveness of L-PRF to OFD and to OG in two- and/or three-wall periodontal endosseous defects of systemically healthy non-smokers, as compared without L-PRF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration)

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