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Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites
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Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 4890

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Csaba Balázsi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: bioceramics; biomaterials; ceramic dispersion strengthened steels; ceramics and nanocomposites for high temperature and tribological applications; open structured funcional materials for sensorics; fibre polymers; composites and coatings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of bioceramics and their composites has advanced significantly to restore, substitute, or regenerate not only skeletal hard but also soft tissues. These innovative materials have been studied to be applied for orthopaedic implants, bone substitutes, bone cements, dental prostheses, drug delivery carriers, and even for cancer treatments. In addition, the development and use of nanostructured materials, biomimetic materials, and inorganic–organic structures resulted in considerable scientific interest in the bioceramics field. Thus, this Special Issue focuses on topics covering the processing of novel bioceramics, and the synthesis of bio-hybrids and bioactive or bioresorbable composites in addition to the study of their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Contributions on innovative approaches such as the additive manufacturing of bioceramics and biocomposites, layer deposition techniques, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems are also welcome.

Dr. Csaba Balázsi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sol–gel
  • powder technology
  • deposition techniques
  • the 3D printing/additive manufacturing of bioceramics
  • nanostructured bioceramics
  • bioactive and resorbable ceramics
  • bio-inspired, bio-synthetic, and biomimetic ceramics
  • ceramics for drug and gene delivery
  • the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of bioceramics
  • scaffolds for orthopaedic and dental restorations

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 833 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in the Treatment of Extrinsic Dental Stains in Smokers and Non-Smokers
by Sarkis Sozkes, Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska, Agata Dudzik and Iwona Olszewska-Czyz
Materials 2025, 18(11), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112441 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 137
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of oral diseases. In particular, smoking-induced dental stains have been shown to be more refractory than those in non-smokers. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biomimetic material that has been shown to be helpful in many [...] Read more.
Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of oral diseases. In particular, smoking-induced dental stains have been shown to be more refractory than those in non-smokers. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biomimetic material that has been shown to be helpful in many oral health applications; however, its efficacy in stain removal in smokers and non-smokers is uncertain. To compare the effects of HAP toothpaste on the removal/control of extrinsic tooth discoloration in smokers and non-smokers. The secondary goal was to compare smokers and non-smokers in terms of staining extent and response to HAP. A total of 100 adults (50 smokers, 50 non-smokers) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. At baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention, the same examiner performed clinical observations, including measurements of anterior tooth stain using the approximal plaque index (API) and the Lobene stain index. Adverse events and any changes in general health conditions of the patients were monitored. Comparisons of indices at baseline and post-intervention yielded statistically significant differences. In non-smokers, the median API (IQR) at baseline was 32.5 (19.0, 63.0) which decreased to 16.5 (7.0, 42.0) after the intervention (p < 0.001). The median Lobene stain index (extension) at baseline and after the intervention was 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) and 0.3 (0.2, 0.7), respectively (p < 0.001). In smokers, the median API at baseline (IQR) was 46.0 (30.0, 86.0), which decreased to 23.0 (7.0, 43.0) (p < 0.001) post-intervention. Lobene stain indices were lower after intervention in all groups than at baseline (all, p < 0.001), and the magnitude of reduction was more prominent in the smoker group. This study demonstrates that 2-week use of a toothpaste containing HAP can effectively reduce extrinsic tooth stains in smokers and non-smokers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites)
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14 pages, 1533 KiB  
Article
Articulating Materials Are Determinants of Survivorship of Hip Arthroplasties Performed for Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
by Seneki Kobayashi, Nobuhiko Sugano, Wataru Ando, Wakaba Fukushima, Kyoko Kondo and Takashi Sakai
Materials 2025, 18(9), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092125 - 6 May 2025
Viewed by 286
Abstract
A nationwide multicenter follow-up cohort study of hip-replacement arthroplasties performed for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) was conducted to clarify factors associated with need for reoperation. We analyzed 7393 arthroplasties including 6284 total hip arthroplasties (THAs), 886 bipolar hemiarthroplasties (BPs), 188 [...] Read more.
A nationwide multicenter follow-up cohort study of hip-replacement arthroplasties performed for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) was conducted to clarify factors associated with need for reoperation. We analyzed 7393 arthroplasties including 6284 total hip arthroplasties (THAs), 886 bipolar hemiarthroplasties (BPs), 188 total resurfacing arthroplasties, and 35 hemi-resurfacing arthroplasties (hRSs). The identified risk factors were combined systemic steroid use and excessive alcohol consumption (both ONFH-associated factors), a lateral approach, alumina BPs (aBPs), and hRSs, which were reported previously. The present study performed further analyses separately for THAs and BPs to clarify risk factors in each surgical group. A Cox proportional-hazard model identified the following risk factors: the acetabular-articulating materials of conventional polyethylene (cPE) and metal in the THAs and both ONFH-associated factors, minimum-incision surgery (MIS), and aBPs in the BPs. The risk factors were specific to each surgical group. In the ONFH patients, when performing THA, cPE and metal are not recommended as the acetabular-articulating material. When performing BP, patients with both ONFH-associated factors should be treated carefully, and the employment of MIS and use of aBP are not good strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites)
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14 pages, 3015 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Properties of Bioactive Mesoporous Glasses Doped with Cerium and Loaded with Polyphenols
by Alessia Giordana, Chiara Cavazzoli, Francesca Fraulini, Paolo Zardi, Alfonso Zambon, Giuseppina Cerrato and Gigliola Lusvardi
Materials 2025, 18(3), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030709 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 651
Abstract
(1) Background: The onset of inflammation and oxidative stress after biomaterial implantation can lead to complications and prolonged recovery times. To address this, bioactive mesoporous glasses doped with cerium (0, 3.6 and 5.3 mol%) were loaded with three different biomolecules—3-hydroxyflavone, quercetin and morin [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The onset of inflammation and oxidative stress after biomaterial implantation can lead to complications and prolonged recovery times. To address this, bioactive mesoporous glasses doped with cerium (0, 3.6 and 5.3 mol%) were loaded with three different biomolecules—3-hydroxyflavone, quercetin and morin hydrate—to enhance antioxidant properties while preserving bioactivity. (2) Methods: Elemental analysis, specific surface area determination, spectroscopic techniques, evaluation of antioxidant activity and in vitro bioactivity assessment were performed to characterize mesoporous glass loaded with biomolecules. (3) Results: Biomolecule loading gives values in the range of 0.5–2.0% and 10.3–39.6% for loading content and loading efficiency, respectively. The loading order is quercetin > morine hydrate > 3-hydroxyflavone, and a cerium percentage of 3.6 seems to be a good compromise. The antioxidant properties evaluated on both solids and solutions in contact with simulated biological fluids improve markedly over loaded glasses, and the most promising results are obtained with quercetin. In the most efficient systems, the bioactivity results were delayed and more evident at longer times (168 h) but were still retained. (4) Conclusions: We obtained new materials still bioactive with improved antioxidant properties that can be proposed for the regeneration of both hard and soft tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites)
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Review

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22 pages, 31106 KiB  
Review
Hydroxyapatite-Based Natural Biopolymer Composite for Tissue Regeneration
by Wasan Alkaron, Alaa Almansoori, Katalin Balázsi and Csaba Balázsi
Materials 2024, 17(16), 4117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164117 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3225
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer composites have gained significant attention due to their applications in bone regeneration and tooth implants. This review examines the synthesis, properties, and applications of Hap, highlighting various manufacturing methods, including wet, dry, hydrothermal, and sol–gel processes. The properties of HAp [...] Read more.
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer composites have gained significant attention due to their applications in bone regeneration and tooth implants. This review examines the synthesis, properties, and applications of Hap, highlighting various manufacturing methods, including wet, dry, hydrothermal, and sol–gel processes. The properties of HAp are influenced by precursor materials and are commonly obtained from natural calcium-rich sources like eggshells, seashells, and fish scales. Composite materials, such as cellulose–hydroxyapatite and gelatin–hydroxyapatite, exhibit promising strength and biocompatibility for bone and tissue replacement. Metallic implants and scaffolds enhance stability, including well-known titanium-based and stainless steel-based implants and ceramic body implants. Biopolymers, like chitosan and alginate, combined with Hap, offer chemical stability and strength for tissue engineering. Collagen, fibrin, and gelatin play crucial roles in mimicking natural bone composition. Various synthesis methods like sol–gel, hydrothermal, and solution casting produce HAp crystals, with potential applications in bone repair and regeneration. Additionally, the use of biowaste materials, like eggshells and snails or seashells, not only supports sustainable HAp production but also reduces environmental impact. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding the properties of calcium–phosphate (Ca-P) compounds and processing methods for scaffold generation, highlighting novel characteristics and mechanisms of biomaterials in bone healing. Comparative studies of these methods in specific applications underscore the versatility and potential of HAp composites in biomedical engineering. Overall, HAp composites offer promising solutions for improving patient outcomes in bone replacement and tissue engineering and advancing medical practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Bioceramics and Their Composites)
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