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Advances in Microstructure and Properties of Welded–Brazed Joints

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 972

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Research Group on Nano and Multifunctional Composites for Advanced Technologies (AdvNanoComp), ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Interests: brazing; soldering; welding; microstructure; mechanical properties; base materials; heat-affected zone

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Guest Editor
1. Research Group on Nano and Multifunctional Composites for Advanced Technologies (AdvNanoComp), ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
2. Instituto de Investigación de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Interests: brazing; welding; filler alloys; base materials; wettability; microstructure; mechanical properties
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancements in welded–brazed joints have significantly enhanced their microstructure and mechanical properties, making them more suitable for various industrial applications. Innovations in welding and brazing techniques have led to joints with improved strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. Key advancements include optimizing the welding parameters, introducing novel filler materials, and applying hybrid welding–brazing processes.

Microstructural analysis has shown that these advancements result in finer grain structures and reduced porosity, improving the joints' overall mechanical performance. Advanced characterization techniques have provided deeper insights into the phase transformations and interfacial reactions during the welding–brazing process. These techniques have allowed researchers to identify critical factors influencing joint quality and develop strategies to mitigate common defects.

The integration of computational modeling and simulation has further accelerated the development of optimized welding–brazing procedures, enabling precise control over joint properties. These tools have facilitated the prediction of microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior under various conditions, leading to more reliable and efficient joint designs. Overall, these advancements have expanded the applicability of welded–brazed joints in critical sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and energy, where high performance and reliability are paramount.

This Special Issue aims to collect original works on new advances in welded–brazed joints' microstructure and properties, with a focus on novel filler materials and the application of hybrid welding–brazing processes resulting in refined microstructures with improved overall mechanical performance.

Dr. Javier de Prado
Prof. Dr. María Sánchez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • joint microstructure
  • welding–brazing
  • mechanical properties
  • filler material

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3579 KB  
Article
Brazeability Study of an Additively Manufactured CuCrZr Alloy to Tungsten Using Various Cu-Based Fillers
by Ignacio Izaguirre, Javier de Prado, Nerea Ordás, María Sánchez and Alejandro Ureña
Materials 2025, 18(24), 5577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245577 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 199
Abstract
This study investigates the brazeability of tungsten (W) and a CuCrZr alloy produced by means of additive manufacturing, using four different filler compositions from the Cu-Ge and Cu-Ti systems. The additive process resulted in a CuCrZr alloy with a columnar grain structure and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the brazeability of tungsten (W) and a CuCrZr alloy produced by means of additive manufacturing, using four different filler compositions from the Cu-Ge and Cu-Ti systems. The additive process resulted in a CuCrZr alloy with a columnar grain structure and a fine nanodispersion of Cr-rich strengthening precipitates. Brazing with W was performed using three Cu-Ge fillers: Cu13Ge, Cu19Ge, and Cu33Ge, at 1030, 900, and 775 °C, respectively. Increasing the Ge content reduced the brazing temperature but increased brittleness in the braze zone. Only with the highest Ge content (Cu33Ge) was a lack of metallic continuity at the interface observed. A fourth filler, Cu-20Ti, was used at 960 °C, but the braze zone exhibited cracks due to the presence of Ti-rich phases. The hardness of W remained unaffected after brazing. However, the CuCrZr alloy experienced softening caused by the loss of fine precipitate dispersion. To restore the required hardness for application, joints brazed with Cu13Ge and Cu19Ge—those with the best results—underwent post-brazing treatments including solution annealing, quenching, and aging. Cu13Ge joints showed optimal recovery with long annealing times (60 min), achieving a hardness of 116.2 ± 4.5 HV0.1 after aging for 120 min at 450 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microstructure and Properties of Welded–Brazed Joints)
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21 pages, 6588 KB  
Article
Multiscale Simulation of Crack Propagation in Impact-Welded Al4Cu9 Alloy Based on Cohesive Zone Model
by Rongqing Luo, Dingjun Xiao, Guangzhao Pei, Haixia Yan, Sen Han, Jiajie Jiang and Miaomiao Zhang
Materials 2025, 18(21), 4862; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214862 - 23 Oct 2025
Viewed by 495
Abstract
The fracture behavior of the Al4Cu9 intermetallic compound at the interface of impact-welded Cu/Al joints remains insufficiently explored through integrated multiscale modeling and experimental validation. In this study, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, finite element (FE) analysis implemented in ABAQUS (version [...] Read more.
The fracture behavior of the Al4Cu9 intermetallic compound at the interface of impact-welded Cu/Al joints remains insufficiently explored through integrated multiscale modeling and experimental validation. In this study, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, finite element (FE) analysis implemented in ABAQUS (version 2020) and a cohesive zone model (CZM) were combined with optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the interface and crack initiation zones in impact-welded Cu/Al specimens to investigate crack propagation mechanisms under different defect configurations. The experimental specimens consisted of 1060 aluminum (Al) and oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper, fabricated via impact welding and subsequently annealed at 250 °C for 100 h. The interfacial morphology and crack initiation features obtained from OM and SEM provided direct validation for the traction–separation (T-S) parameters extracted from MD and mapped into the FE model. The results indicate that composite defects (blunt crack + void) cause a significantly greater reduction in fracture energy and stress intensity factor than single defects and that defect effects outweigh temperature effects within the range of 200–500 K. The experimentally observed crack initiation locations were in strong agreement with simulation predictions. This integrated simulation–experiment approach not only elucidates the multiscale fracture mechanisms of the Al4Cu9 interface but also provides a physically validated basis for the reliability assessment and optimization of aerospace Cu/Al welded structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microstructure and Properties of Welded–Brazed Joints)
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