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Magnetochemistry
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Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022
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Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Magnetic Nanospecies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 14432

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rumiana Tzoneva

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Guest Editor
Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: anticancer therapy; biocompatibility and toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jana Tchekalarova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: neuroscience; neuropharmacology; antioxidants; neuroinflammation; models of neurodegenerative diseases; aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past several decades, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials which are particularly promising in numerous biomedical applications, such as hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, theranostic, magnetic resonance imaging, and lab-on-a-chip, due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. In addition, recent applications of magnetic nanoparticles have demonstrated their promise in decreasing implant infection and stimulating tissue growth. To build effective magnetic nanoparticle systems for various biomedical applications, particle characteristics as size, surface chemistry, magnetic properties, and toxicity have to be fully investigated.

This Special Issue aims to cover new advances in the biomedical application of magnetic nanoparticles, with particular focus on (a) synthesis and optimization of magnetic nanoparticle properties, such as composition, surface charge, shape, size, and size distribution, for biomedical applications; (b) applications of magnetic nanoparticles in anticancer therapy, tissue engineering, and diagnostics; (c) studies on the biocompatibility and toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles; (d) new approaches for synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles to achieve specific and precise performance; e) strategies for using magnetic nanoparticles in lab-on-a-chip technology.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Applied Sciences.

Prof. Dr. Rumiana Tzoneva
Prof. Dr. Jana Tchekalarova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic nanoparticles
  • theranostics
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • tissue engineering
  • lab-on-a-chip technology
  • biocompatibility
  • toxicity

Published Papers (6 papers)

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11 pages, 3663 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of Combined Treatment with Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magneto-Mechanical Stress of Breast Cancer Cells
by Rumiana Tzoneva, Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla, Veselina Uzunova, Tihomira Stoyanova, Theodoros Samaras, Makis Angelakeris and Orestis Kalogirou
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100117 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, the emergence of new anti-tumor techniques using nanoparticles such as magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-mechanical activation have been the subject of much attention and study in recent years, as anticancer tools. Therefore, the purpose of the current in vitro [...] Read more.
With the development of nanotechnology, the emergence of new anti-tumor techniques using nanoparticles such as magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-mechanical activation have been the subject of much attention and study in recent years, as anticancer tools. Therefore, the purpose of the current in vitro study was to investigate the cumulative effect of a combination of these two techniques, using magnetic nanoparticles against breast cancer cells. After 24 h of incubation, human breast cancer (MCF-7) and non-cancerous (MCF-10A) cells with and without MNPs were treated (a) for 15 min with magnetic hyperthermia, (b) for 30 min with magneto-mechanical activation, and (c) by a successive treatment consisting of a 15-min magnetic hyperthermia cycle and 30 min of magneto-mechanical activation. The influence of treatments on cell survival and morphology was studied by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay and light microscopy. When applied, separately, magneto-mechanical and thermal (hyperthermia) treatment did not demonstrate strong reduction in cell viability. No morphological changes were observed in non-cancerous cells after treatments. On the other hand, the combination of magneto-mechanical and thermal treatment in the presence of MNPs had a synergistic effect on decreased cell viability, and apoptosis was demonstrated in the cancer cell line. Synergism is most evident in the cancer cell line, incubated for 120 h, while in the non-cancerous line after 120 h, an increase in proliferation is clearly observed. MCF-7 cells showed more rounded cell morphology, especially after 120 h of combined treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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13 pages, 5901 KiB  
Article
Cell Behavioral Changes after the Application of Magneto-Mechanical Activation to Normal and Cancer Cells
by Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla, Veselina Uzunova, Tsvetelina Oreshkova, Makis Angelakeris, Theodoros Samaras, Orestis Kalogirou and Rumiana Tzoneva
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8020021 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
In vitro cell exposure to nanoparticles, depending on the applied concentration, can help in the development of theranostic tools to better detect and treat human diseases. Recent studies have attempted to understand and exploit the impact of magnetic field-actuated internalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) [...] Read more.
In vitro cell exposure to nanoparticles, depending on the applied concentration, can help in the development of theranostic tools to better detect and treat human diseases. Recent studies have attempted to understand and exploit the impact of magnetic field-actuated internalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the behavior of cancer cells. In this work, the viability rate of MNP’s-manipulated cancerous (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and non-cancerous (MCF-10A) cells was investigated in three different types of low-frequency magnetic fields: static, pulsed, and rotating field mode. In the non-cancerous cell line, the cell viability decreased mostly in cells with internalized MNPs and those treated with the pulsed field mode. In both cancer cell lines, the pulsed field mode was again the optimum magnetic field, which together with internalized MNPs caused a large decrease in cells’ viability (50–55% and 70% in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively) while the static and rotating field modes maintained the viability at high levels. Finally, F-actin staining was used to observe the changes in the cytoskeleton and DAPI staining was performed to reveal the apoptotic alterations in cells’ nuclei before and after magneto-mechanical activation. Subsequently, reduced cell viability led to a loss of actin stress fibers and apoptotic nuclear changes in cancer cells subjected to MNPs triggered by a pulsed magnetic field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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10 pages, 2512 KiB  
Article
Preparation of CD3 Antibody-Conjugated, Graphene Oxide Coated Iron Nitride Magnetic Beads and Its Preliminary Application in T Cell Separation
by Tianya Liang, Jianxing Li, Xiao Liu, Zhuang Ma, Xiaojin Su, Xiangjiao Meng, Ziyi Zhanghuang, Huiqin Wang, Jintao Li, Qun Wang and Minglian Wang
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(5), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7050058 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2193
Abstract
Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) for cell sorting are universally used in medical and biological fields. At present, the IMBs on the market are ferrite coated with a silicon shell. Based on a new type of magnetic material, the graphene coated iron nitride magnetic particle [...] Read more.
Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) for cell sorting are universally used in medical and biological fields. At present, the IMBs on the market are ferrite coated with a silicon shell. Based on a new type of magnetic material, the graphene coated iron nitride magnetic particle (G@FeN-MP), which we previously reported, we prepared a novel IMB, a graphene oxide coated iron nitride immune magnetic bead (GO@FeN-IMBs), and explored its feasibility for cell sorting. First, the surface of the G@FeN-MP was oxidized to produce oxygen-containing groups as carboxyl, etc. by the optimized Hummers’ method, followed by a homogenization procedure to make the particles uniform in size and dispersive. The carboxy groups generated were then condensed and coupled with anti-CD3 antibodies by the carbodiimide method to produce an anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMB after the coupling efficacy was proved by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and labeled antibodies. Finally, the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs were incubated with a cell mixture containing human T cells. With the aid of a magnetic stand, the T cells were successfully isolated from the cell mixture. The isolated T cells turned out to be intact and could proliferate with the activation of the IMBs. The results show that the G@FeN-MP can be modified for IMB preparation, and the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs we prepared can potentially separate T cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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14 pages, 2641 KiB  
Article
Magneto-Erythrocyte Membrane Vesicles’ Superior T2 MRI Contrast Agents to Magneto-Liposomes
by Nina Kostevšek, Patricija Miklavc, Matic Kisovec, Marjetka Podobnik, Wafa Al-Jamal and Igor Serša
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7040051 - 11 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2341
Abstract
Despite their high potential, most of the clinically approved iron oxide (IO)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been withdrawn from the market either due to safety issues or lack of sales. To address this challenge, erythrocyte membranes have been used [...] Read more.
Despite their high potential, most of the clinically approved iron oxide (IO)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been withdrawn from the market either due to safety issues or lack of sales. To address this challenge, erythrocyte membranes have been used to prepare IO-based T2 contrast agents with superior MRI properties and higher safety margin. A simple formulation procedure has been proposed, and the nanostructures’ morphology and physicochemical properties have been evaluated. We compared their performance in terms of contrast ability in MRI to the more clinically established magneto-liposomes and non-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). The encapsulation of 5-nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) in the liposomes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles (EMVs) led to a significant improvement in their r2 relaxivity. r2 values increased to r2 = 188 ± 2 mM−1s−1 for magneto-liposomes and r2 = 269 ± 3 mM−1s−1 for magneto-erythrocyte membranes, compared to “free” IO NPs with (r2 = 12 ± 1 mM−1 s−1), measured at a 9.4 T MRI scanner. The superiority of magneto-erythrocyte membranes in terms of MRI contrast efficacy is clearly shown on T2-weighted MR images. Our study revealed the hemocompatibility of the developed contrast agents in the MRI-relevant concentration range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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16 pages, 7742 KiB  
Article
Gd3+ Doped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
by Fatima Javed, Muhammad Asad Abbas, Muhammad Imran Asad, Naveed Ahmed, Nauman Naseer, Hassan Saleem, Abdelhamid Errachid, Noureddine Lebaz, Abdelhamid Elaissari and Nasir M. Ahmad
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7040047 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3088
Abstract
Nanoparticles of CoGdxFe2 − xO4 (x = 0%, 25%, 50%) synthesized via sol–gel auto combustion technique and encapsulated within a polymer (Eudragit E100) shell containing curcumin by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique were formulated in this study. [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles of CoGdxFe2 − xO4 (x = 0%, 25%, 50%) synthesized via sol–gel auto combustion technique and encapsulated within a polymer (Eudragit E100) shell containing curcumin by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique were formulated in this study. Testing of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by using different characterization techniques, to investigate composition, crystallinity, size, morphology, surface charge, functional groups and magnetic properties of the samples. The increased hydrophilicity resulted in sustained drug release of 90.6% and 95% for E1(CoGd0.25Fe1.75O4) and E2(CoGd0.50Fe1.5O4), respectively, over a time span of 24 h. The relaxivities of the best-chosen samples were measured by using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, and a high r2/r1 ratio of 43.64 and 23.34 for composition E1(CoGd0.25Fe1.75O4) and E2(CoGd0.50Fe1.5O4) suggests their ability to work as a better T2 contrast agent. Thus, these novel synthesized nanostructures cannot only enable MRI diagnosis but also targeted drug delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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5 pages, 507 KiB  
Opinion
Translational Hurdles with Magnetic Nanoparticles and Current Clinical Scenario in Hyperthermia Applications
by Raghvendra A. Bohara and Stefano Leporatti
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100123 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1252
Abstract
Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming increasingly popular for biomedical imaging and drug delivery, particularly cancer theranostics. Due to their excellent inherent properties and the accessibility to be tailor-made according to specific requirements, they stand out from the crowd and are close, yet so [...] Read more.
Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming increasingly popular for biomedical imaging and drug delivery, particularly cancer theranostics. Due to their excellent inherent properties and the accessibility to be tailor-made according to specific requirements, they stand out from the crowd and are close, yet so far. While the number of publications related to MNPs’ drug-delivery systems reported in the literature increases yearly, relatively more minor conversion has been observed from the bench to the bedside. It is of paramount importance to understand and work on the shortcomings and redesign the strategies to increase the clinical translatability of MNPs. ‘Supply as per Demand’ should be followed while designing an MNP-based delivery system. To achieve this, a better understanding of the clinical issues should be addressed early, and downstream methods should be prepared to resolve them. More significantly, all clinical problems in one delivery system should be eliminated, and one problem and one solution should be pursued. This opinion review explores the current limitations in evaluating magnetic nanoparticle performance, suggesting a promising standardized pathway to clinical translation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in 2022)
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