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Magnetochemistry
Special Issues
New Insight into the Magnetosheath
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New Insight into the Magnetosheath

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4667

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chao Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: space plasmas; magnetized plasmas; geomagnetic field; imaging measurements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetosheaths are the regions between bow shocks and planetary magnetopauses or ionospheres, which are created by the impacts of supersonic solar wind onto the planetary magnetospheres or ionospheres. Magnetosheaths are natural plasma laboratories, composed of strongly turbulent plasmas, and demonstrate various fundamental plasma dynamic phenomena, such as turbulence cascade, collisionless plasma dissipations, turbulent magnetic reconnection processes, plasma jets, acceleration of charged particles, etc. Magnetospheaths also play important roles in the evolution of planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres. Our understanding of the complicated features of magnetosheaths demands effective exploration tools, including basic theoretical research, advanced space measurements (multiple spacecraft joint observations with Cluster, THEMIS, Double Star, MMS, etc.), as well as newly developed simulation methods (3D Hall MHD, 3D hybrid and Vlasov simulations). This Special Issue serves as a forum to bring together recent scientific discoveries and techniques in the field of magnetosheaths so as to enhance our understanding of the mechanism of planetary turbulent plasmas. We welcome original articles, review articles and case reports that include theoretical studies, in situ observation analysis and various kinds of simulations on the dynamics of planetary magnetosheaths.

Topics to be covered include but are not limited to:

  • Bow shock effects;
  • Magnetosheath turbulence;
  • Transient structures in magnetosheaths;
  • Small-scale processes of the magnetopauses related to turbulent magnetosheaths;
  • Thermodynamics in magnetosheaths;
  • Collisionless turbulent dissipations;
  • Plasma energization and energy transport in magnetosheaths;
  • Contributions from and corresponding loss of the planetary ionospheres and atmospheres;
  • Multiple spacecraft constellation observations and analysis techniques.

With best wishes,
Prof. Dr. Chao Shen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • planetary magnetosheath
  • bow shock
  • solar wind
  • turbulent plasmas
  • nonlinear interactions of waves
  • turbulence cascade
  • planetary magnetosphere
  • planetary atmosphere
  • planetary ionosphere
  • magnetopause
  • turbulent magnetic reconnection
  • imaging observations
  • multiple spacecraft constellations

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1800 KiB  
Article
A Bifurcated Reconnecting Current Sheet in the Turbulent Magnetosheath
by Shimou Wang, Rongsheng Wang, Kai Huang and Jin Guo
Magnetochemistry 2024, 10(11), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10110089 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
We report the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observation of a bifurcated reconnecting current sheet in Earth’s dayside magnetosheath. Typical signatures of the ion diffusion region, including sub-Alfvénic demagnetized ion outflow, super-Alfvénic electron flows, Hall magnetic fields, electron heating, and energy dissipation, were found when [...] Read more.
We report the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observation of a bifurcated reconnecting current sheet in Earth’s dayside magnetosheath. Typical signatures of the ion diffusion region, including sub-Alfvénic demagnetized ion outflow, super-Alfvénic electron flows, Hall magnetic fields, electron heating, and energy dissipation, were found when MMS traversed the current sheet. The weak ion exhaust at the current sheet center was bounded by two current peaks in which super-Alfvénic electron flow directed toward and away from the X line were observed, respectively. Both off-center current peaks were primarily carried by electrons, one of which was supported by field-aligned current, while the other was mainly supported by current driven by electric field drift. The two current peaks also exhibit other differences, including electron heating, electron pitch angle distributions, electron nongyrotropy, energy dissipation, and magnetic field curvature. An ion-scale magnetic flux rope was detected between the two current peaks where electrons showed field-aligned bidirectional distribution, in contrast to field-aligned distribution parallel to the magnetic field in two current peaks. The observed current sheet was embedded in a background shear flow. This shear flow worked together with the guide field and asymmetric field and density to affect the electron dynamics. Our results reveal the reconnection properties in this special plasma and field regime which may be common in turbulent environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into the Magnetosheath)
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12 pages, 1820 KiB  
Article
Energy Conversion Associated with Intermittent Currents in the Magnetosheath Downstream of the Quasi-Parallel Shock
by Xinmin Li, Rongsheng Wang, San Lu, Ao Guo and Zhijian Zhang
Magnetochemistry 2024, 10(9), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10090067 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 671
Abstract
Using the data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we studied the energy conversion between electromagnetic fields and particles (ions and electrons) in a spacecraft rest frame inside a turbulent magnetosheath downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. The results show that the energy conversion [...] Read more.
Using the data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we studied the energy conversion between electromagnetic fields and particles (ions and electrons) in a spacecraft rest frame inside a turbulent magnetosheath downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. The results show that the energy conversion was highly intermittent in the turbulent magnetosheath, and the perpendicular electric fields dominated the energy conversion process. The energy conversion among the electromagnetic fields, ions, and electrons was related to the current intensity. In the region with weak current, the ions gained energy from electromagnetic fields, while the electron energy was released and transferred into electromagnetic fields. In contrast, in the intense current region, the energy of ions was transferred into the electromagnetic fields, but the electrons gained energy from electromagnetic fields. The results quantitatively established the relationship between energy conversion rate and current density and revealed that the energy conversion among the electromagnetic fields, ions, and electrons was related to the local current intensity inside the shocked turbulence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into the Magnetosheath)
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13 pages, 3047 KiB  
Article
The Asymmetrical Distribution of a Dominant Motional Electric Field within the Martian Magnetosheath
by Shibang Li, Haoyu Lu, Jinbin Cao, Xiaoshu Wu, Xiaoxin Zhang, Nihan Chen, Yihui Song, Jianxuan Wang, Yuchen Cao and Jianing Zhao
Magnetochemistry 2024, 10(8), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10080062 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Attributed to the lack of an Earth-like global intrinsic dipole magnetic field on Mars, the induced electromagnetic field environment plays a crucial role in the evolution of its atmosphere. The dominant motional electric field (EM) induced by the bulk motion [...] Read more.
Attributed to the lack of an Earth-like global intrinsic dipole magnetic field on Mars, the induced electromagnetic field environment plays a crucial role in the evolution of its atmosphere. The dominant motional electric field (EM) induced by the bulk motion of the magnetic field within the Martian magnetosheath serves to accelerate ions toward escape velocity, thereby forming a plume escape channel. However, the distribution morphology of EM itself has received limited attention in previous research. In this study, by taking advantage of the multi-fluid Hall-MHD model cooperating with the Martian crustal field model, we focus on elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying the asymmetrical distribution of EM and examining the influence of the crustal field on this asymmetry. The results obtained from the simulation conducted in the absence of the crustal field indicate that the EM is more intense within the −ZMSE magnetosheath, where EM is directed toward Mars, primarily due to its corresponding higher velocity and a stronger magnetic field at lower solar zenith angles. The Martian crustal field has the ability to enhance the local EM around the inner boundary of the magnetosheath by amplifying both the magnetic field and its associated velocity. Accordingly, these findings provide valuable insights into the asymmetric nature of EM within the Martian magnetosheath under typical quiet-time solar wind conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into the Magnetosheath)
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10 pages, 5330 KiB  
Article
Direct Observation of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Field Structures from Formation to Destruction
by Shi-Chen Bai, Quanqi Shi, Ruilong Guo, Alexander W. Degeling, Hui Zhang, Anmin Tian and Yude Bu
Magnetochemistry 2024, 10(8), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10080054 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 989
Abstract
Short large-amplitude magnetic field structures (SLAMSs) are often seen upstream of quasi-parallel shocks. They play vital roles near the quasi-parallel shock, such as decelerating solar wind ions and contributing to the dissipation and reformation of the shock. The formation process of these structures [...] Read more.
Short large-amplitude magnetic field structures (SLAMSs) are often seen upstream of quasi-parallel shocks. They play vital roles near the quasi-parallel shock, such as decelerating solar wind ions and contributing to the dissipation and reformation of the shock. The formation process of these structures has attracted great attention and has long been realized in simulation. However, their formation mechanism is still full of mysteries. Here, using magnetospheric multiscale mission (MMS) observation, we provide direct observations of the SLAMS formation and destruction processes. SLAMS growth is powered by solar wind ions and shock-reflected ions through the ion-ion non-resonant mode. Reconnection occurs between and inside SLAMSs during their growth; however, these cumulative changes in magnetic field topology and the dissipation of the magnetic field energy contribute to the destruction of the SLAMS. These observations shed new light on the dissipation and reformation of the shock both in space physics and astrophysics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into the Magnetosheath)
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9 pages, 3012 KiB  
Article
The Electric Properties of the Magnetopause Boundary Layer
by Lai Gao, Chao Shen, Yong Ji, Yufei Zhou and Yulia V. Bogdanova
Magnetochemistry 2024, 10(6), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10060037 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 962
Abstract
The magnetopause plays a pivotal role in the coupling among solar wind, the magnetosheath, and the magnetosphere. By analyzing magnetopause crossing events using MMS, we reveal a local non-neutrality of electric charges in the magnetopause boundary layer and the associated electric field. There [...] Read more.
The magnetopause plays a pivotal role in the coupling among solar wind, the magnetosheath, and the magnetosphere. By analyzing magnetopause crossing events using MMS, we reveal a local non-neutrality of electric charges in the magnetopause boundary layer and the associated electric field. There are two types of electric structures. In one group, which typically occurs on the dusk side, the electric field directs towards the Earth. In the other, which generally occurs on the day side, the field directs away from the Earth. The spatial extent of this electric non-neutrality spans approximately 600 km, which is at the scale of ion gyrational motion. These findings provide valuable insights into the fine structures of the magnetopause and the coupling between the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into the Magnetosheath)
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