Advanced Engine Energy Saving Technology

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 4329

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Engines and Vehicle, University of Ruse, 8 Studentska Street, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
Interests: alternative fuels and additives; internal combustion engines; engine simulation; engine emissions; alternative energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main problems facing humanity are related to the demand for energy, the increase in pollutants, especially in large cities, the increase in the population of the Earth, and the urbanization related to this. Solving some of these problems is directly related to the use of engine-energy-saving technology, since the transport sector is one of the global energy consumers, which is also a generator of CO2 The combination of different energy sources and technologies is key to reducing energy consumption and pollution caused by means of transport.

This Special Issue aims to cover topics related to mathematical modeling, optimization, and numerical methods aimed at improving the efficiency and engines used in vehicles. Envisaged applications include internal combustion engines, alternative engines, engines working using alternative fuels and additives, and energy-saving technologies in engines.

Prof. Dr. Simeon Iliev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • internal combustion engines
  • alternative fuels and additives
  • engine modeling and simulations
  • energy-saving technologies in engines
  • engine emissions
  • engine optimization
  • reducing engine pollution

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1793 KiB  
Article
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Fractional-Order Kreisselmeier-Type Adaptive Observer
by Tomoki Murakami and Hiromitsu Ohmori
Machines 2024, 12(10), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12100738 - 20 Oct 2024
Viewed by 521
Abstract
For the safe and efficient use of lithium-ion batteries, the state of charge (SOC) is a particularly important state variable. In this paper, we propose a method for the online estimation of SOC and model parameters based on a fractional-order equivalent circuit model. [...] Read more.
For the safe and efficient use of lithium-ion batteries, the state of charge (SOC) is a particularly important state variable. In this paper, we propose a method for the online estimation of SOC and model parameters based on a fractional-order equivalent circuit model. Firstly, we constructed a fractional-order battery model that includes pseudo-capacitance and determined the values of the circuit elements offline using the least squares method from actual input–output data based on the driving profile of an automobile. Compared to the integer-order battery model, we confirmed that the proposed fractional-order battery model has higher accuracy. Secondly, we constructed a fractional-order Kreisselmeier-type adaptive observer as an observer that performs state estimation and parameter adjustment simultaneously. Applying the general adaptive law to the battery model results in a redundant design with many adjustable parameters, so we proposed an adaptive law that reduces the number of adjustable parameters without compromising the stability of the observer. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through numerical simulations. As a result, the high estimation accuracy and convergence of the proposed adaptive law were confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Engine Energy Saving Technology)
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20 pages, 4477 KiB  
Article
Mild Hybrid Powertrain for Mitigating Loss of Volumetric Efficiency and Improving Fuel Economy of Gasoline Vehicles Converted to Hydrogen Fueling
by Sebastian Bibiloni, Adrian Irimescu, Santiago Martinez-Boggio, Simona Merola and Pedro Curto-Risso
Machines 2024, 12(6), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060355 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 1010
Abstract
The pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation has led to the exploration of alternative fuel sources, among which hydrogen stands out prominently. This work delves into the potential of hydrogen fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs), emphasizing its capacity to ensure the [...] Read more.
The pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation has led to the exploration of alternative fuel sources, among which hydrogen stands out prominently. This work delves into the potential of hydrogen fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs), emphasizing its capacity to ensure the required performance levels while concurrently enhancing overall efficiency. The integration of a mild hybrid powertrain in a small size passenger car was considered for obtaining a twofold advantage: mitigating power loss due to low volumetric efficiency and increasing fuel economy. A comprehensive approach combining 0D/1D modeling simulations and experimental validations was employed on a gasoline-powered small size ICE, considering its conversion to hydrogen, and mild hybridization. Vehicle simulations were performed in AVL Cruise M and validated against experimental data. Various electric motors were scrutinized for a small size battery pack typical of mild hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, the paper assesses the potential range achievable with the hydrogen-powered hybrid vehicle and compares it with the range reported by the manufacturer for the original gasoline and pure electric version. In terms of global results, these modifications were found to successfully improve efficiency compared to baseline gasoline and hydrogen fueling. Additionally, performance gains were achieved, surpassing the capabilities of the original gasoline vehicle despite its intrinsic volumetric efficiency limitations when using hydrogen. Along with the conversion to hydrogen and thus zero-carbon tail-pipe emissions, incorporating a Start/Stop system, and the integration of mild hybrid technology with energy recuperation during braking, overall efficiency was enhanced by up to 30% during urban use. Furthermore, the hybridization implemented in the H2 version allows an autonomy comparable to that of the electric vehicle but with evident shorter refilling times. Specific aspects of the 48 V battery management are also scrutinized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Engine Energy Saving Technology)
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15 pages, 9284 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Investigation into the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Fueled with Isopropanol Gasoline Blends
by Simeon Iliev, Zdravko Ivanov, Radostin Dimitrov, Veselin Mihaylov, Daniel Ivanov, Stoyan Stoyanov and Slavena Atanasova
Machines 2023, 11(12), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11121062 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Propanol isomers, which are oxygen-rich fuels, possess superior octane ratings and energy density in comparison to methanol and ethanol. Recently, due to advancements in fermentation techniques, these propanol isomers have garnered increased interest as additives for engines. They are being explored to decrease [...] Read more.
Propanol isomers, which are oxygen-rich fuels, possess superior octane ratings and energy density in comparison to methanol and ethanol. Recently, due to advancements in fermentation techniques, these propanol isomers have garnered increased interest as additives for engines. They are being explored to decrease emissions and reduce the usage of conventional fossil fuels. This study delves into this emerging field. One of the alternatives is the use of alcohol fuels in their pure state or as additives to traditional fuels. Alcohols, due to their higher volumetric energy density, are better fuels for spark ignition engines than hydrogen and biogas. Alcohol-blended fuels or alcohol fuels in their pure state may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. The current research emphasizes the effect of isopropanol gasoline blends on the performance and emissions characteristics of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. This investigation was conducted with different blends of isopropanol and gasoline (by volume: 10% isopropanol [IP10], 20% isopropanol [IP10], 30% isopropanol [IP30], 40% isopropanol [IP40], and 50% isopropanol [IP50]). The reviewed results showed that with increasing isopropanol in the fuel blends, engine brake power increased while BSFC decreased. In terms of emissions, with the increase in isopropanol in the fuel blends, CO and HC emissions decreased while CO2 and NOx emissions increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Engine Energy Saving Technology)
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