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Lubricants
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Friction and Wear in Machine Design
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Friction and Wear in Machine Design

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 22021

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Automotive and Tractors Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
Interests: automotive engineering; tribology (lubrication, friction, and wear) in mechanical applications; machine design; engine tribology; nanolubricants; self-lubricating materials; heat transfer; mechanics of materials; saving energy in automotive; engine performance and emission control technologies; nanotechnology applications in automotive

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue of Lubricants entitled “Friction and Wear in Machine Design”. As you know, friction is a primary cause of energy dissipation in many different fields, from the automotive industry to biomedical applications. Accordingly, studies on the reduction in frictional power losses have gained great attention and constitute a promising direction in improving the performance of different engineering applications. Recently, nanotechnology has led to the creation of novel materials for lubrication in tribological applications. Nanolubricants and self-lubricating materials have attracted enormous interest from manufacturers and researchers around the world due to their potential for enhancing the durability and lifespan of mechanical components. The main aim of the current Special Issue is the further development of tribological studies as a solution for reducing frictional power losses in various applications, in order to enhance the durability of the tribo-components and save energy.

We sincerely hope you will accept our invitation to contribute to this Special Issue.

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Dr. Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Friction and Wear in Machine Design
by Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali
Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020040 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1536
Abstract
Tribology has been and will continue to be one of the most significant subjects due to its prevalence in practically every part of our lives [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

17 pages, 20932 KiB  
Article
Influence of Bionic Circular Groove Blade Surface on Wear Performance
by Longbiao Ma, Yunqing Gu, Ke Xia, Chengqi Mou, Jiegang Mou, Denghao Wu and Muhan Yan
Lubricants 2022, 10(5), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10050101 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
In order to improve the anti-wear performance of a double-vane self-priming centrifugal pump during two-phase flow transfer, the construction of a streamline groove structure at the outlet end of the suction side of the vane, based on the bionic principle, is proposed. Different [...] Read more.
In order to improve the anti-wear performance of a double-vane self-priming centrifugal pump during two-phase flow transfer, the construction of a streamline groove structure at the outlet end of the suction side of the vane, based on the bionic principle, is proposed. Different pump characteristics are analysed to investigate the effect of different bionic groove spacing on the resistance to particle wear and the mechanism of improvement of the bionic grooves. The results show that the effect of the bionic blades on the hydraulic characteristics of the pump is within the allowable error (±1.4%). The circular groove structure with different spacing produces a difference in the pressure distribution on the blade. At the same particle concentration, with the increase in the groove spacing distance, the average wear of the blades first decreases and then increases; the average wear rate at the spacing of 7 mm is the smallest. At a particle concentration of 90 kg/m3, the average wear rate at a groove spacing of 7 mm is ~0.63 × 10−4 kg/s∙m2, and the wear area is mainly found in the middle of the blade. The reason why the bionic blade improves the anti-wear performance of the pump is due to the reverse vortex zone in the groove, which changes the particle trajectory and collision frequency. The bionic grooves with a diameter of 2 mm and a spacing of 7 mm significantly reduce the average wear rate of the pump at different particle concentrations, while maintaining hydraulic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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20 pages, 6531 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effects of Cooling and Lubricating Strategies on Tribological Characteristics in Machining of Hybrid Composites
by Serhat Şap, Üsame Ali Usca, Mahir Uzun, Mustafa Kuntoğlu, Emin Salur and Danil Yurievich Pimenov
Lubricants 2022, 10(4), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10040063 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3597
Abstract
Engineering materials are expected to contain physical and mechanical properties to meet the requirements and to improve the functionality according to their application area. In this direction, hybrid composites stand as an excellent option to fulfill these requests thanks to their production procedure. [...] Read more.
Engineering materials are expected to contain physical and mechanical properties to meet the requirements and to improve the functionality according to their application area. In this direction, hybrid composites stand as an excellent option to fulfill these requests thanks to their production procedure. Despite the powder metallurgy method that allows for manufacturing products with high accuracy, machining operations are still required to obtain a final product. On the other hand, such materials are characterized with uncertainties in the structure and extremely hard reinforcement particles that aggravate the machinability. One of the prominent solutions for better machinability of composites is to use evolutionary cooling and lubricating strategies. This study focuses on the determination of tribological behavior of Cu-based, B-Ti-SiCP reinforced, about 5% wt. hybrid composites under milling of several environments, such as dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-assisted and cryogenic LN2-assisted. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by considering tool wear, temperature, energy, surface roughness, surface texture and chips morphology as the machinability characteristics. The findings of this experimental research showed that cryogenic cooling improves the tribological conditions by reducing the cutting temperatures, flank wear tendency and required cutting energy. On the other hand, MQL based lubricating strategy provided the best tool wear index and surface characteristics, i.e., surface roughness and surface topography, which is related to spectacular ability in developing the friction conditions in the deformation zones. Therefore, this paper offers a novel milling strategy for Cu-based hybrid composites with the help of environmentally-friendly techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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16 pages, 3776 KiB  
Article
An Empirical Study on the Friction of Reciprocating Rod Seals at Predefined Lubrication Conditions and Shear Rates
by Oliver Feuchtmüller, Lothar Hörl and Frank Bauer
Lubricants 2022, 10(4), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10040056 - 1 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3199
Abstract
A key factor influencing the friction of rod seals is a thin oil film, which is dragged into the sealing gap at outstroke and instroke. Accurate determination of oil film thickness in the sealing gap of rod seals is a challenging task since [...] Read more.
A key factor influencing the friction of rod seals is a thin oil film, which is dragged into the sealing gap at outstroke and instroke. Accurate determination of oil film thickness in the sealing gap of rod seals is a challenging task since it is only in the range of a few nanometers. A novel measurement procedure to analyze the friction of common reciprocating sealing systems in direct relation to the shear rate and film thickness is introduced in this paper. Results from a first empirical study with film thicknesses in the range of a few nanometers and shear rates up to γ˙=107 s−1 were used to compare the friction of practically relevant polyurethane U-cups. The U-cups differ in their geometry and surface roughness. It is seen that even at such thin films, the measured friction of those seals can be approximated by Newtonian fluid friction (speed, film thickness, viscosity, contact area). In general, the novel measurement procedure is useful in a scientific and technical context, since it offers a new perspective on tribological mechanisms at thin film lubrication conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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17 pages, 7665 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Rub-Impact Dynamics of Shrouded Blades Based on the Bilinear Hysteresis Model and the Coulomb Friction Model
by Dangdang Zheng, Geng Liu, Shangwen He and Bing Han
Lubricants 2022, 10(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10020031 - 20 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
The bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are two typical macro slip models which are widely used by researchers in simulation analysis of rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades. However, differences in the simulation results of shrouded blades based on these [...] Read more.
The bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are two typical macro slip models which are widely used by researchers in simulation analysis of rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades. However, differences in the simulation results of shrouded blades based on these two friction models have not well been studied recently. In this paper, a two-dimensional lumped mass model of shrouded blades including axial displacements and tangential displacements is established, and the kinetic equations of the blades under different contact conditions are derived. The contact-separation and stick-slip transition points are determined by the bisection method. Using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, comparative analysis of the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on the bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are carried out. Numerical simulation results indicate that the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on these two friction models are not accordant. The discussion in this paper offers thinking for the selection of the friction model in a study on rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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13 pages, 3915 KiB  
Article
The Tribological Performance of Metal-/Resin-Impregnated Graphite under Harsh Condition
by Jun Zhao, Yijiang Liu, Dengyu Liu, Yanfei Gu, Rao Zheng, Runmei Ma, Shuangxi Li, Yongfu Wang and Yijun Shi
Lubricants 2022, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10010002 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3805
Abstract
Graphite-based composites are well recognized as ideal functional materials in mechanical seals, bearings of canned pumps, and electrical contact systems because of their outstanding self-lubricating ability, thermostability, and chemical stability. Working in harsh conditions is a huge challenge for the graphite materials, and [...] Read more.
Graphite-based composites are well recognized as ideal functional materials in mechanical seals, bearings of canned pumps, and electrical contact systems because of their outstanding self-lubricating ability, thermostability, and chemical stability. Working in harsh conditions is a huge challenge for the graphite materials, and their tribological properties and wear mechanisms are not well studied. In this study, the tribological performance of metal-impregnated graphite, resin-impregnated graphite, and non-metal-impregnated graphite under high temperature and high load are studied using a ball-on-disc tribometer. The results show that the metal-impregnated graphite (Metal-IG) has a stable friction regime and exhibits better anti-friction and anti-wear properties than that of resin-impregnated graphite (Resin-IG) and non-impregnated graphite (Non-IG) under extreme pressure (200~350 MPa) and high temperature (100–350 °C). The Metal-IG and Resin-IG can reduce the wear depth by 60% and 80%, respectively, when compared with Non-IG substrate. The impregnated materials (metal or resin) can enhance the strength of the graphite matrix and improve the formation of graphite tribofilm on the counterpart surfaces. Friction-induced structural ordering of graphite and slight oxidation of metal in the formed mechanically mixed layer is also beneficial for friction and wear reduction. This study demonstrates the tribological characteristics of impregnated graphite under harsh conditions and provides the experimental basis for the advanced usage of high-reliability and self-lubrication graphite composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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29 pages, 13569 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Tire Tread Wear on Block Level
by Felix Hartung, Mario Alejandro Garcia, Thomas Berger, Michael Hindemith, Matthias Wangenheim and Michael Kaliske
Lubricants 2021, 9(12), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9120113 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3356
Abstract
Tread wear appears as a consequence of friction, which mainly depends on surface characteristics, contact pressure, slip velocity, temperature and dissipative material properties of the tread material itself. The subsequent description introduces a wear model as a function of the frictional energy rate. [...] Read more.
Tread wear appears as a consequence of friction, which mainly depends on surface characteristics, contact pressure, slip velocity, temperature and dissipative material properties of the tread material itself. The subsequent description introduces a wear model as a function of the frictional energy rate. A post-processing as well as an adaptive re-meshing algorithm are implemented into a finite element code in order to predict wear loss in terms of mass. The geometry of block models is generated by image processing tools using photographs of the rubber samples in the laboratory. In addition, the worn block shape after the wear test is compared to simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Machine Design)
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