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Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2022) | Viewed by 16424

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Naoya Oribe

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Guest Editor

Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 842-0192 Saga, Japan
Interests: neurophysiology; neuroimaging; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder

Dr. Takefumi Ueno

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Guest Editor

Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 842-0192 Saga, Japan
Interests: neurophysiology; neuroimaging; computational neuroscience; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current diagnostic criteria used in the field of psychiatry are manipulative and not based on the pathology of the disease. Thus, treatment strategies based on diagnosis may not always lead to the best results. There is currently no clear indicator of the criteria for selecting medication or other treatment options and, therefore, we are required to repeat the steps of trial and error to find the optimal treatment.

In this Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine, we invite researchers in the field to submit original research including (but not limited to) studies on neurophysiology, neuroimaging, the quantification of serum/plasma concentrations of medications and other biological markers. We believe that by consolidating these findings we will be able to develop strategies for individualized treatment in the field of psychiatry.

Dr. Naoya Oribe
Dr. Takefumi Ueno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

neuropsychiatric disorders
neurophysiology
neuroimaging
therapeutic drug monitoring

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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36 pages, 1801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Redefining the Cut-Off Ranges for TSH Based on the Clinical Picture, Results of Neuroimaging and Laboratory Tests in Unsupervised Cluster Analysis as Individualized Diagnosis of Early Schizophrenia

by Natalia Śmierciak, Marta Szwajca, Tadeusz J. Popiela, Amira Bryll, Paulina Karcz, Paulina Donicz, Aleksander Turek, Wirginia Krzyściak and Maciej Pilecki

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(2), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020247 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3406

Abstract

Thyroid abnormalities, including mild forms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are reported as risk factors for the development of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The diagnostic process still takes into account the extreme ranges of the accepted reference values for serum TSH since the concentration of free thyroxine in the serum does not change by definition. TSH mU/L cut-off values in psychiatric patients are currently clinically considered in the case of extremely high serum TSH levels (>4.0 mU/L). The results obtained in this study suggest that the clinically significant value has a lower TSH cut-off point with an upper limit of 2–2.5 mU/L. The criteria for the differential diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia, however, mainly take into account statutory reference ranges without a background related to the history of thyroid diseases in the family. The results indicate the need to lower the upper cut-off values for TSH among patients with early psychosis, which is related to the potential clinical significance of the obtained values both in the field of clinical evaluation and neuroimaging and laboratory evaluation parameters. The cut-off points obtained with the prior available knowledge coincided with the values established in the unsupervised clustering method, which further confirms the legitimacy of their use in the individualized diagnosis strategy of schizophrenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

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9 pages, 1428 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Correlation between Post-Acute Electroconvulsive Therapy Alpha-Band Spectrum Power Increase and Improvement of Psychiatric Symptoms

by Hideyuki Iwanaga, Takefumi Ueno, Naoya Oribe, Manabu Hashimoto, Jun Nishimura, Naho Nakayama, Nami Haraguchi, Hiroshi Tateishi, Yutaka Kunitake, Yoshito Mizoguchi and Akira Monji

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(12), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121315 - 06 Dec 2021

Viewed by 2176

Abstract

The results of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) studies on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been inconsistent, and indicators of the efficacy of ECT have not been clearly identified. In this study, we examined whether qEEG could be used as an indicator of the effect of ECT by measuring it during the course of treatment. We analyzed qEEG data before and after acute-phase ECT in 18 patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and other psychiatric disorders. We processed the qEEG data and compared the spectral power between the data acquired before and after ECT. The spectral power increased significantly after ECT in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. There was a strong significant correlation between the increase in the spectral power of the alpha band after acute ECT and improvement in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score. Our results suggest that an increase in the alpha-band spectral power may be useful as an objective indicator of the treatment effect of acute ECT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

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17 pages, 2237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cross-Omics Blood-Based Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Disorders

by Weichen Song, Weidi Wang, Zhe Liu, Wenxiang Cai, Shunying Yu, Min Zhao and Guan Ning Lin

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(12), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121247 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2457

Abstract

The identification of peripheral multi-omics biomarkers of brain disorders has long been hindered by insufficient sample size and confounder influence. This study aimed to compare biomarker potential for different molecules and diseases. We leveraged summary statistics of five blood quantitative trait loci studies (N = 1980 to 22,609) and genome-wide association studies (N = 9725 to 500,199) from 14 different brain disorders, such as Schizophrenia (SCZ) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We applied summary-based and two-sample Mendelian Randomization to estimate the associations between blood molecules and brain disorders. We identified 524 RNA, 807 methylation sites, 29 proteins, seven cytokines, and 22 metabolites having a significant association with at least one of 14 brain disorders. Simulation analyses indicated that a cross-omics combination of biomarkers had better performance for most disorders, and different disorders could associate with different omics. We identified an 11-methylation-site model for SCZ diagnosis (Area Under Curve, AUC = 0.74) by analyzing selected candidate markers in published datasets (total N = 6098). Moreover, we constructed an 18-methylation-sites model that could predict the prognosis of elders with mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 2.32). We provided an association landscape between blood cross-omic biomarkers and 14 brain disorders as well as a suggestion guide for future clinical discovery and application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

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11 pages, 281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Bipolar Patients with Cognitive Impairment of Suspected Neurodegenerative Origin: A Multicenter Cohort

by Esteban Munoz Musat, Emeline Marlinge, Mélanie Leroy, Emilie Olié, Eloi Magnin, Florence Lebert, Audrey Gabelle, Djamila Bennabi, Fréderic Blanc, Claire Paquet and Emmanuel Cognat

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(11), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111183 - 11 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2535

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is associated with an increased risk of dementia with aging. Little is known regarding this association, limiting appropriate diagnosis and management. We aimed to describe the characteristics of bipolar patients with late cognitive impairment for whom the hypothesis of an underlying neurodegenerative disease had been raised. We performed a retrospective multicenter study, recruiting bipolar patients over 50 years old from five French tertiary memory centers who had undergone cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker assessment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical, neuropsychological, and paraclinical characteristics were analyzed and 78 patients were included. The mean age at the onset of cognitive impairment was 62.4 years (±9.2). The mean MMSE score was 22.8 (±4.5), the mean FAB was 11.7 (±3.9), and the mean FCRST was 15.8 (±7.4)/36.8 (±9.7) (free/total recall). A total of 48.6% of the patients displayed cognitive fluctuations, and 38.2% showed cognitive improvement during follow-ups; and 56.3% of the patients showed Parkinsonism, of which 12.7% had never received antipsychotics. Among patients who underwent DAT-scans, 35.3% displayed dopaminergic denervation; 10.3% of patients had CSF AD biological signature (“A+ T+” profile), while 56.4% had other abnormal CSF profiles. Thus, clinical presentation was dominated by executive dysfunction, episodic memory impairment, fluctuating cognition, and a high frequency of Parkinsonism. Specifically, high frequency of delusional episodes suggests limited tolerance of psychotropic drugs. Most patients had abnormal CSF biomarker profiles, but only a minority displayed AD’s specific biomarker signature. Therefore, while our results unveil shared common neurocognitive features in bipolar patients with cognitive impairment of suspected neurodegenerative origin they suggest a participation of various underlying pathologies rather than a common degenerative mechanism in the pathophysiology of this condition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

17 pages, 2200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

by Chuan-Chia Chang, Cathy Chia-Yu Huang, Yong-An Chung, Jooyeon Jamie Im, Yen-Yue Lin, Chin-Chao Ma, Nian-Sheng Tzeng and Hsin-An Chang

J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(11), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111114 - 29 Oct 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

Negative symptoms represent an unmet need for schizophrenia treatment. The effect of theta frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (theta-tACS) applied during working memory (WM) tasks on negative symptoms has not been demonstrated as of yet. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of 36 stabilized schizophrenia patients, randomized to receive either twice daily, 6 Hz 2 mA, 20 min sessions of in-phase frontoparietal tACS or sham for five consecutive weekdays. Participants were concurrently engaged in WM tasks during stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change over time in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative subscale score measured from baseline through to the 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were other symptom clusters, neurocognitive performance, and relevant outcomes. The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated greater reductions in PANSS negative subscale scores at the end of stimulation in the active (−13.84%) than the sham (−3.78%) condition, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.96, p = 0.006). The positive effect endured for at least one month. Theta-tACS also showed efficacies for cognitive symptoms, WM capacity, and psychosocial functions. Online theta-tACS offers a novel approach to modulate frontoparietal networks to treat negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The promising results require large-scale replication studies in patients with predominantly negative symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 1243 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nonwearable Sensor-Based In-Home Assessment of Subtle Daily Behavioral Changes as a Candidate Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment

by Takao Yamasaki and Shuzo Kumagai

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010011 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2444

Abstract

Patients show subtle changes in daily behavioral patterns, revealed by traditional assessments (e.g., performance- or questionnaire-based assessments) even in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD; i.e., the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage). An increase in studies on the assessment of daily behavioral changes in patients with MCI and AD using digital technologies (e.g., wearable and nonwearable sensor-based assessment) has been noted in recent years. In addition, more objective, quantitative, and realistic evidence of altered daily behavioral patterns in patients with MCI and AD has been provided by digital technologies rather than traditional assessments. Therefore, this study hypothesized that the assessment of daily behavioral changes with digital technologies can replace or assist traditional assessment methods for early MCI and AD detection. In this review, we focused on research using nonwearable sensor-based in-home assessment. Previous studies on the assessment of behavioral changes in MCI and AD using traditional performance- or questionnaire-based assessments are first described. Next, an overview of previous studies on the assessment of behavioral changes in MCI and AD using nonwearable sensor-based in-home assessment is provided. Finally, the usefulness and problems of nonwearable sensor-based in-home assessment for early MCI and AD detection are discussed. In conclusion, this review stresses that subtle changes in daily behavioral patterns detected by nonwearable sensor-based in-home assessment can be early MCI and AD biomarkers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward the Establishment of Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry)

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