Hydroclimatic Events in Regions Subject to Rainfall Oscillation

Dear Colleagues,

While some regions are subject to strong seasonality of precipitation, others experience an interannual rainfall oscillation with socioeconomic and environmental impacts that largely depend on the mechanisms involved. If we exclude the oscillation in the 2–7-year band partly imputable to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is well documented, oscillation in the 5–10-year band can also have a strong impact. Usually generated by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies produced by Rossby waves at mid-latitudes with an average period of 8 years, and possibly amplified by anthropogenic forcing, the decadal oscillation of rainfall can lead to catastrophic events. This may happen under the effect of extratropical cyclones when they are guided by positive SST anomalies, which is what happened when Hurricane Katrina caused landfall off the coast of Louisiana on August 29, 2005. This rainfall oscillation can also lead to episodes of flood, or drought, even heat waves, as happened in Western Europe in 2003. Longer-period rainfall oscillation may be critical to understanding the link between climate change and biodiversit, such as the millennial-scale precipitation variability across tropical–subtropical South America, or the orbital-scale precipitation variability between Western and Eastern Amazonia, which exhibits a quasi-dipole pattern, or even the weakening of the amplitude of ENSO during the Holocene. In this Special Issue, we aim to bring together theoretical, observational, and modelling studies and to review and advance our understanding and prediction of rainfall variability at different timescales with a special emphasis on, but not limited to, ocean–atmosphere interactions. For long periods, we can refer to the different subharmonic modes of the climate system (http://climatorealist.neowordpress.fr/subharmonic-modes/).

Dr. Jean-Louis Pinault
Guest Editor

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