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Ocean Dynamic Processes and Climate Variability: Insights from Hydrographic Observations...
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Ocean Dynamic Processes and Climate Variability: Insights from Hydrographic Observations and Modeling

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2025) | Viewed by 2564

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Youyu Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
Interests: physical oceanography; ocean modelling; ocean mixing; air–sea interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hui Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
Interests: air-sea interaction; climate change; climate dynamics; climate variability; earth system modeling; tropical cyclones; Arctic sea ice; ocean circulations; AMOC
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocean dynamic processes, including ocean circulation, heat transport, and mixing, play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate system. They influence climate variability by redistributing energy globally, subsequently impacting  circulation patterns and climate variability across various spatial and temporal scales. Such variability can influence regional patterns of temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables, which, in turn, affect weather patterns and climate events, potentially leading to significant local, economic, and social impacts.

Studying the complex connections between ocean dynamic processes and  climate variability is essential for advancing our understanding of the Earth’s climate system and its future changes, predicting extreme events, and contributing to the improvement of global climate models. This Special Issue aims to address topics that focus on the connection between ocean dynamic processes and climate variability across different scales, utilizing hydrographic observations and models. Topics relevant to this Collection include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The influence of ocean circulation patterns and ocean currents on regional and global climate variability;
  • The influence of large-scale ocean dynamics on climate modes of variability, and potential interactions between different modes of climate variability across timescales;
  • Ocean vertical mixing and heat transport and their impact on climate patterns and variability;
  • Interactions between the ocean and other Earth system components, such as the atmosphere and cryosphere, that influence climate variability;
  • The ocean's role in the global carbon cycle and biogeochemical cycles;
  • The link between ocean dynamics and extreme events, such as tropical cyclones, marine heatwaves, and their connection to climate variability.

We look forward to your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Youyu Lu
Dr. Hui Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocean dynamics
  • ocean circulations
  • climate variability
  • climate extremes
  • hydrographic observations
  • ocean modeling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8559 KiB  
Article
A Deep Learning Method for Inversing 3D Temperature Fields Using Sea Surface Data in Offshore China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean
by Xiangyu Wu, Mengqi Zhang, Qingchang Wang, Xidong Wang, Jian Chen and Yinghao Qin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2337; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122337 - 20 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 963
Abstract
Three-dimensional ocean temperature field data with high temporal-spatial resolution bears a significant impact on ocean dynamic processes such as mesoscale eddies. In recent years, with the rapid development of remote sensing data, deep learning methods have provided new ideas for the reconstruction of [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional ocean temperature field data with high temporal-spatial resolution bears a significant impact on ocean dynamic processes such as mesoscale eddies. In recent years, with the rapid development of remote sensing data, deep learning methods have provided new ideas for the reconstruction of ocean information. In the present study, based on sea surface data, a deep learning model is constructed using the U-net method to reconstruct the three-dimensional temperature structure of the Northwest Pacific and offshore China. Next, the correlation between surface data and underwater temperature structure is established, achieving the construction of a three-dimensional ocean temperature field based on sea surface height and sea surface temperature. A three-dimensional temperature field for the water layers within the depth of 1700 m in the Northwest Pacific and offshore China is reconstructed, featuring a spatial resolution of 0.25°. Control experiments are conducted to explore the impact of different input variables, labels, and loss functions on the reconstruction results. This study’s results show that the reconstruction accuracy of the model is higher when the input variables are anomalies of sea surface temperature and sea surface height. The reconstruction results using the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) loss functions are highly similar, indicating that these two loss functions have no significant impact on the results, and only in the upper ocean does the MSE value slightly outperform MAE. Overall, the results show a rather good spatial distribution, with relatively large errors only occurring in areas where the temperature gradient is strong. The reconstruction error remains quite stable over time. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the temporal-spatial characteristics of some mesoscale eddies in the inversed temperature field. It is shown that the U-net network can effectively reconstruct the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of eddies at different times and in different regions, providing a good fit for the eddy conditions in offshore China and the Northwest Pacific. The inversed eddy features are in high agreement with the eddies in the original data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Dynamic Processes and Climate Variability: Insights from Hydrographic Observations and Modeling)
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16 pages, 8197 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Phase Relationships between Sea Surface Salinity, Surface Freshwater Forcing, and Ocean Surface Processes
by Frederick M. Bingham and Susannah Brodnitz
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091639 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1131
Abstract
Sea surface salinity (SSS) can change as a result of surface freshwater forcing (FWF) or internal ocean processes such as upwelling or advection. SSS should follow FWF by ¼ cycle, or 3 months, if FWF is the primary process controlling it at the [...] Read more.
Sea surface salinity (SSS) can change as a result of surface freshwater forcing (FWF) or internal ocean processes such as upwelling or advection. SSS should follow FWF by ¼ cycle, or 3 months, if FWF is the primary process controlling it at the seasonal scale. In this paper, we compare the phase relationship between SSS and FWF (i.e., evaporation minus precipitation over mixed layer depth) over the global (non-Arctic) ocean using in situ SSS and satellite evaporation and precipitation. We found that, instead of the expected 3-month delay between SSS and FWF, the delay is mostly closer to 1–2 months, with SSS peaking too soon relative to FWF. We then computed monthly vertical entrainment and horizontal advection terms of the upper ocean salinity balance equation and added their contributions to the phase of the FWF. The addition of these processes to the seasonal upper ocean salinity balance leads to the phase difference between SSS and the forcing processes being closer to the expected value. We conducted a similar computation with the amplitude of the seasonal SSS and the forcing terms, with less definitive results. The results of this study highlight the important role that ocean processes play in the global freshwater cycle at the seasonal scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Dynamic Processes and Climate Variability: Insights from Hydrographic Observations and Modeling)
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