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Novel Insight into Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 9005

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dan Lucian Dumitrascu

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Guest Editor

2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: irritable bowel syndrome; blind loop syndrome; small bowel bacterial overgrowth; indigestion; chronic idiopathic constipation; colitis; diarrhea; diverticulosis; esophagitis; gastroesophageal reflux disease; gastroparesis; heartburn; helicobacter pylori infection; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; reye syndrome; viral gastroenteritis
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Dear Colleagues,

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of persistent or intermittent episodes characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits and/or stool characteristics, and lack of gastrointestinal structural and biochemical abnormalities in gut dysfunction disease. Often associated with other gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia, it is a disease that damages the quality of life of patients. The etiology and pathogenesis of IBS is unclear, but it is considered to be the result of the combined action of various factors such as abnormal gastrointestinal motility, abnormal visceral sensation, abnormal regulation of brain and intestine, inflammation and psychology.

Several years have passed since JCM featured a Special Issue dedicated to IBS, and the time has come for a new one. Indeed, the research on IBS is dynamic and the most prominent literature databases display new information on a weekly basis. The work of the Rome Foundation committees has earned the interest of scientists and academic teachers in this topic, and therefore scholars and practitioners must be easily able to find synthetic papers to facilitate access to the progressing knowledge on IBS. There is also a need to offer editorial space to original work on this disorder with regard to gut-brain interaction.

With this in mind, I invite you to submit your best work to this Special Issue. Your contributions will be very beneficial to the medical community.

Dr. Dan Lucian Dumitrascu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
gut–brain interaction
brain–gut axis
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
biopsychosocial model
patient–provider relationship
neurogastroenterology
visceral hypersensitivity
gut microbiome
rome criteria
gut motility disturbance
gut mucosal immune function
psychological treatment
quality of life
healthcare utilization
pharmacotherapy of IBS

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on the Intestinal Environment and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D)-like Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study

by Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Takuya Okugawa, Takashi Nakanishi, Masatoshi Mieno, Keisuke Nakai, Hirotsugu Eda, Yoshitaka Kitayama, Tadayuki Oshima, Shinichiro Shinzaki and Hiroto Miwa

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(10), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103368 - 09 May 2023

Viewed by 2247

Abstract

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)-like symptoms are distressing for patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease (qCD) and worsen their quality of life. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on the intestinal environment and clinical features in patients with qCD. Eleven patients with qCD, who met the Rome III diagnostic criteria for IBS-D, received BBG9-1 (24 mg) orally three times daily for 4 weeks. Indices of the intestinal environment (fecal calprotectin level and gut microbiome) and clinical features (CD/IBS-related symptoms, quality of life and stool irregularities) were evaluated before and after treatment. Treatment with BBG9-1 tended to reduce the IBS severity index in the studied patients (p = 0.07). Among gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain and dyspepsia tended to be improved by the BBG9-1 treatment (p = 0.07 and p = 0.07, respectively), and IBD-related QOL showed a significant improvement (p = 0.007). With regard to mental status, the patient anxiety score was significantly lower at the endpoint of BBG9-1 treatment than at the baseline (p = 0.03). Although BBG9-1 treatment did not affect the fecal calprotectin level, it suppressed the serum MCP-1 level significantly and increased the abundance of intestinal Bacteroides in the study patients. The probiotic BBG9-1 is able to improve IBD-related QOL with a reduction of anxiety score in patients with quiescent CD and IBS-D-like symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

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Review

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14 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessReview

Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Resilience

by Mihaela Fadgyas Stanculete, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Stefan-Lucian Popa and Octavia Oana Capatina

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4220; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134220 - 22 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1325

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the gut–brain interaction (DGBI), characterized, mainly in severe cases, by altered psychological stress reactivity, psychological disorders, and dysfunction of the brain–gut–microbiota axis. Prior studies have highlighted significant physical and emotional impairments in the health-related quality of life of patients with IBS. Resilience is a psychosocial ability that reduces negative emotions while enhancing adaptation to adversities. Resilience is essential for health promotion and stress response. The present study aimed to carry out a review of the literature in multiple databases, using the descriptors “resilience”, “resiliency”, and “irritable bowel syndrome”. The inclusion criteria for obtaining the most relevant papers were research articles on resilience and irritable bowel syndrome written in English, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and involving human subjects. Studies specifically on resilience in IBS were sparse. These results need to be understood in light of these limitations. As resilience appears to be modifiable, it is essential to conduct direct research on resilience-enhancing interventions for people with IBS. The study of the factors involved in successful adaptation must be extended, to possibly yield new interventions that help the patients overcome the difficulties imposed by the disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

17 pages, 4884 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Their Association: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

by Ziyan Wang, Yinglong Peng, Minshan Chen, Liang Peng, Yongzhen Huang and Wei Lin

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1865; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051865 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1987

Abstract

Aim: Investigate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and assess the association between IBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A systematic literature search for PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify all reports published before 31 December 2022. The confidence interval (CI), estimation effect (ES) of prevalence, and risk ratios (RR) were calculated to evaluate the prevalence of IBS after SARS-CoV-2 infection and their association. Individual results were pooled by the random-effects (RE) model. Subgroup analyses conducted a further investigation of the results. We employed funnel plots, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed for the assessment of the robustness of the result. Results: The data on IBS prevalence after SARS-CoV-2 infection were extracted from two cross-sectional studies and ten longitudinal studies from nineteen countries with 3950 individuals. The IBS prevalence after SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from 3% to 91% in different countries, and the overall pooled prevalence of IBS following SARS-CoV-2 infection is 15% (ES: 0.15; 95% CI, 0.11–0.20; p = 0.000). The data on the association between IBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection were extracted from six cohort studies from fifteen countries with 3595 individuals. The risk of IBS increased following SARS-CoV-2 infection but was not significant (RR: 1.82; 95% CI, 0.90–3.69; p = 0.096). Conclusions: In conclusion, the overall pooled prevalence of IBS following SARS-CoV-2 infection was 15%, and SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the overall risk of IBS but was not statistically significant. Further extra high-quality epidemiological evidence and studies to clarify the underlying mechanism of IBS following SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

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12 pages, 4430 KiB

Open AccessReview

Meditation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Cristian-Ioan Baboș, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța and Dan Lucian Dumitrașcu

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6516; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216516 - 02 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2642

Abstract

Mind-body interventions have shown efficacy in many conditions that have psychosomatic mechanisms, as well as for other pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of meditation/mindfulness at improving the symptoms severity, quality of life and other associated mood and mental conditions, measured in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in adult participants with IBS was conducted. Eight databases were searched for articles. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the effects of meditation-based therapy on symptomatology, quality of life, anxiety and depression. Out of 604 articles screened, six were selected for quantitative review. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the mindfulness group and the control group was of −36.95 (95% CI −74.61–0.7), p = 0.054 regarding the IBS symptom score; of 12.58 (95% CI 4.42–20.74), p = 0.003 regarding the IBS quality of life; SMD = 2.8 (95% CI 1.01–4.6), p = 0.002 for spiritual scale; and of 15.49 (95% CI −28.43–−2.55), p = 0.019 regarding the pain score in IBS. Our study found that the quality of life and the spiritual scale scores (i.e., mindful awareness) were statistically significantly higher in the mindfulness group, while the pain score was statistically significantly lower in the mindfulness group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

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