New Insights into Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 3290

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Interests: hypersensitivity pneumonitis; chest-radiology; lung; computed tomography (CT) of the lung; interstitial lung disease; (idiopathic) pulmonary fibrosis; micro-CT of the lung

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a diffuse lung disease which involves the small airways and the lungs and results from an exaggerated immune response to the inhalation of an antigen. The development and progression of the disease is variable and is the result of a complex interplay of genetic, host and environmental factors. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may be classified as acute when symptoms occur abruptly after high level exposure or chronic when exposure is low and long-term, but more recently, classification has been based on the presence or absence of fibrosis, which allows a better stratification  according to different prognosis and clinical behavior, different CT pattern and different sensitivity for specific treatment options.

Although many questions about trigger factors, disease mechanism, adequate diagnosis and optimal treatment need to be solved, important progress has been made towards better understanding hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine will focus on some recent advances that have been made on new inciting antigens, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Prof. Johny Verschakelen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • antigen
  • BAL
  • prognosis
  • immunosuppression
  • antifibrotics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 315 KiB  
Review
Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Practical Review of Current Approaches
by Teng Moua, Tananchai Petnak, Antonios Charokopos, Misbah Baqir and Jay H. Ryu
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1473; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061473 - 8 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2714
Abstract
Recent advances in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis include improved diagnostic guidance, systematic assessments of immunosuppressive therapy, and the recent availability of antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib) for those with progressive disease. A standardized approach to diagnosis may lead to better inclusion criteria for future therapeutic protocols [...] Read more.
Recent advances in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis include improved diagnostic guidance, systematic assessments of immunosuppressive therapy, and the recent availability of antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib) for those with progressive disease. A standardized approach to diagnosis may lead to better inclusion criteria for future therapeutic protocols and delineation of disease or treatment response predictors for real-world management. This review will highlight current diagnostic and treatment challenges and remaining knowledge gaps or areas of uncertainty, with a practical overview of supporting evidence and its clinical implications. Exposure history, serologic testing for antigen sensitivity, bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, histopathology, and radiologic findings will be covered in the diagnosis section, with immunosuppression, antifibrotic therapy, lung transplantation, and disease prognosis in the treatment and management section. Full article
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