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Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
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Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2024) | Viewed by 3802

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Amir Sharafkhaneh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2. Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea; hypoxic preconditioning, telehealth
Dr. Masoud Sadeghi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
Interests: breathing disorders; quality of life, genetics; biochemistry; epidemiology
Prof. Dr. Habibolah Khazaie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran
Interests: insomnia; sleep disorders; sleep therapy; continuous positive airway pressure; polysomnograpy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, and is characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction that result in reduced or absent breathing during sleep. The terms obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may be used to refer to OSA when it is accompanied by daytime symptoms (e.g., excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased cognitive function). OSA is associated with neurocognitive complications, as well as an association between snoring and neurocognitive disorders. Treatment options for OSA include behavior modification, diet and medication, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, surgery (mandibular advancement surgery), and oral appliances.

OSA might increase the risk of recurrent heart attack, stroke, and abnormal heartbeats, such as atrial fibrillation. OSA can cause metabolic dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and hypercoagulation, as well as neurohumoral changes.

This Special Issue aims to highlight advances in the treatment of OSA; effective biomarkers of the pathogenesis, progression, and development of OSA; quality of life of people with OSA; and mechanisms linking diseases/disorders to OSA.

Prof. Dr. Amir Sharafkhaneh
Dr. Masoud Sadeghi
Prof. Dr. Habibolah Khazaie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • novel treatments
  • biomarkers
  • quality of life
  • neurological conditions
  • systematic review
  • meta-analysis
  • epidemiology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1124 KiB  
Article
Esophagus Dilation and Quality of Life in Adults with Scleroderma and Concomitant Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Tugce Yakut, Caner Cinar, Sait Karakurt, Haner Direskeneli, Yasemin Yalcinkaya and Yüksel Peker
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071884 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 589
Abstract
(1) Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic disease, which often affects the esophagus, leading to dilation and complications such as dysphagia and reflux. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition with recurrent episodes of upper airway collapsibility and is [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic disease, which often affects the esophagus, leading to dilation and complications such as dysphagia and reflux. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition with recurrent episodes of upper airway collapsibility and is known to impair quality of life (QoL). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of esophagus dilation in patients with SSc and concomitant OSA and, further, to address the impact of these conditions on QoL. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, 62 consecutive patients with SSc underwent chest computer tomography (CT) and home sleep apnea testing. The OSA diagnosis was based on AHI ≥ 15 events/h. The QoL was quantified using the short-form (SF)-36 questionnaire. The patients were dichotomized as high- vs. low-esophageal-diameter groups, based on the median cut-off values. (3) Results: The mean age was 48 ± 11 years; 58 (93.5%) were female; the mean BMI was 26.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2. The median esophageal diameter was 17.47 mm. A larger esophageal diameter was more frequently associated with the diffuse cutaneous subtype of SSc (p = 0.002) and significantly higher Warrick scores (p < 0.001), indicating more severe pulmonary fibrosis. There was a significant linear correlation between the Warrick score and the esophageal diameter (standardized β coefficient 0.544 [%95 confidence interval 0.250–0.609]; p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the patients with both OSA and enlarged esophageal diameter experienced a significant decline in QoL, particularly in the domains of physical functioning, role physical, general health, role emotional, and vitality. (4) Conclusions: While OSA was not directly associated with enlarged esophageal diameter in patients with SSc, those with both OSA and enlarged esophageal diameter exhibited a significant decline in QoL. These findings suggest that the presence of OSA may exacerbate the adverse effects of esophageal dilation on QoL in SSc patients. Our results underline the importance of considering both gastrointestinal and sleep-related aspects in SSc management to enhance patient QoL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
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11 pages, 556 KiB  
Article
Association between the Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cephalometric Parameters in Teenagers
by Gayane E. Manrikyan, Izabella F. Vardanyan, Marina M. Markaryan, Mikayel E. Manrikyan, Elen H. Badeyan, Anna H. Manukyan, Mariana A. Gevorgyan and Samson G. Khachatryan
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(21), 6851; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216851 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 903
Abstract
Background: OSA is a common problem in children and adolescents. Angle class II malocclusion, a tendency toward the vertical type of growth, causes a decrease in the volume of the oral air space, increasing the risk of OSAS. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Background: OSA is a common problem in children and adolescents. Angle class II malocclusion, a tendency toward the vertical type of growth, causes a decrease in the volume of the oral air space, increasing the risk of OSAS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cephalometric and OSA parameters, to develop collaborative approaches between orthodontists and somnologists in the treatment of adolescents with OSA. Methods: We analyzed data from 41 adolescents with OSA. Their mean age was 15.8 ± 1.08 years. Orthodontic and polysomnographic examinations of patients were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 19.0.0. Results: Most often in patients with distal occlusion, a violation of the harmony in the development of the dental system was observed. The sagittal incisive fissure, characteristic of a distal occlusion, was absent due to the palatal inclination of the upper incisors in 25 (60.98%) patients. The SNB was 79.4 ± 3.1°, indicating a distal position of the mandible relative to the anterior cranial base. The SNA exceeded the normal value, which is one of the prerequisites for mandibular retrognathia. The ANB angle was 4.3 ± 1.9°. Tonsillar hypertrophy affected 6 patients, 21 had adenoid hypertrophy, and 3 had both of them. Movements of the masticatory muscles during sleep were recorded in 22.0% of patients. Conclusion: To improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of OSA, a multidisciplinary approach is needed that will correct the processes of child growth and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
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Review

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18 pages, 725 KiB  
Review
Revisiting Asthma Obstructive Sleep Apnea Overlap: Current Knowledge and Future Needs
by Damini Saxena, Ikuyo Imayama and Muhammad Adrish
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6552; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206552 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1167
Abstract
Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea are highly prevalent conditions with a high cost burden. In addition to shared risk factors, existing data suggest a bidirectional relationship between asthma and OSA, where each condition can impact the other. Patients with asthma often complain of [...] Read more.
Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea are highly prevalent conditions with a high cost burden. In addition to shared risk factors, existing data suggest a bidirectional relationship between asthma and OSA, where each condition can impact the other. Patients with asthma often complain of sleep fragmentation, nocturnal asthma symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. The prevalence of OSA increases with asthma severity, as evidenced by multiple large studies. Asthma may lower the threshold for arousal in OSA, resulting in the hypopnea with arousal phenotype. Epidemiologic studies in adults have shown that OSA is associated with worse asthma severity, increased frequency of exacerbation, and poor quality of life. The current literature assessing the relationship among OSA, asthma, and CPAP therapy is heavily dependent on observational studies. There is a need for randomized controlled trials to minimize the interference of confounding shared risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
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Other

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25 pages, 5539 KiB  
Systematic Review
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-8, and Interferon-γ with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Both Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 102 Articles
by Amin Golshah, Edris Sadeghi and Masoud Sadeghi
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1484; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051484 - 4 Mar 2024
Viewed by 643
Abstract
Background: Cytokines may have a significant impact on sleep regulation. In this meta-analysis, we present the serum/plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in both children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in comparison to [...] Read more.
Background: Cytokines may have a significant impact on sleep regulation. In this meta-analysis, we present the serum/plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in both children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in comparison to controls. Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) through 19 October 2023, without any restrictions on language, date, age, and sex. We used Review Manager version 5.3 to perform meta-analysis and presented the data as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values to evaluate the relationships between the levels of cytokines and OSA. Results: A total of 102 articles (150 independent studies) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMDs in adults were 1.42 (95%CI: 1.11, 1.73; p < 0.00001), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.40, 1.31; p = 0.0002), 0.69 (95%CI: 0.22, 1.16; p = 0.004), and 0.39 (95%CI: −0.37, 1.16; p = 0.31) for TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, respectively. The pooled SMDs in children were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.35, 1.33; p = 0.0008), 0.60 (95%CI: 0.46, 0.74; p < 0.00001), 0.25 (95%CI: −0.44, 0.93; p = 0.49), and 3.70 (95%CI: 0.75, 6.65; p = 0.01) for TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, respectively. Conclusions: The levels of proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in adults, and TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ in children with OSA, are significantly higher than those in controls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)
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