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Management of Retinal Occlusive Diseases
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Management of Retinal Occlusive Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2022) | Viewed by 7292

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Matus Rehak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: retinal vascular diseases; diabetic retinopathy; retinal vein occlusion; ocular oncology
Dr. Ryo Terao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: retinal vein occlusion; diabetic retinopathy; retinopathy of prematurity; anti-VEGF treatment; optical coherence tomography; OCT angiography; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than ten years ago, the introduction of the anti-VEGF agents brought a revolution in the management of macular edema due to retinal occlusive diseases. This treatment offered physicians the chance to sustainably save vision not only in patients with macular edema, but also in those with neovascular complications due to retinal occlusive diseases. In recent years, the understanding of the efficacy of the available anti-VEGF drugs and recommendation for the best possible treatment strategy has constantly grown. However, many open questions remain. One of the most important clinical questions is the predictability of treatment results. Numerous prognostic factors have been described, most of them based on OCT findings. Nevertheless, knowledge about the role of the systemic factors is limited. Further, changes in the expression of the VEGF and different inflammatory molecules between acute and chronic stages of the disease might have a significant impact on the treatment results. This Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine focuses on different anti-VEGF treatment strategies for retinal occlusive diseases with the aim to achieve the best possible results.

Prof. Dr. Matus Rehak
Dr. Ryo Terao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anti-VEGF treatment
  • retinal vascular diseases
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • retinal vein occlusion
  • ocular oncology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1397 KiB  
Article
Retinal Artery Occlusion and Its Impact on the Incidence of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and All-Cause Mortality during 12-Year Follow-Up
by Joanna Roskal-Wałek, Paweł Wałek, Michał Biskup, Jacek Sidło, Elżbieta Cieśla, Dominik Odrobina, Jerzy Mackiewicz and Beata Wożakowska-Kapłon
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 4076; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144076 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1872
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). This single-center retrospective study included 139 patients diagnosed with RAO between 2009 and 2020. The control group included [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). This single-center retrospective study included 139 patients diagnosed with RAO between 2009 and 2020. The control group included 139 age- and sex-matched patients without RAO who underwent cataract surgery. The year of the surgery corresponded to the year of RAO onset. During the 12-year follow-up, patients with RAO had a shorter time to death (49.95 vs. 15.74 months; p = 0.043), a higher all-cause mortality rate (log-rank p = 0.026, and a higher rate of the composite endpoint, including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality (log-rank p = 0.024), as compared with controls. Patients with RAO younger than 75 years showed a higher risk of cerebral ischemic stroke (log-rank p = 0.008), all-cause mortality (log-rank p = 0.023), and the composite endpoint (log-rank p = 0.001) than controls. However, these associations were not demonstrated for patients aged 75 years or older. Our study confirms that patients with RAO have a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those without RAO. Moreover, patients with RAO who are younger than 75 years are significantly more likely to experience ischemic stroke, death, or the composite endpoint after an occlusion event, as compared with individuals without RAO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Retinal Occlusive Diseases)
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11 pages, 1269 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Modified Treat-and-Extend Regimen of Aflibercept for Macular Edema from Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: 2-Year Prospective Study Outcomes
by Yusuke Arai, Hidenori Takahashi, Satoru Inoda, Shinichi Sakamoto, Xue Tan, Yuji Inoue, Satoko Tominaga, Hidetoshi Kawashima and Yasuo Yanagi
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(14), 3162; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143162 - 17 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2613
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (24-month) efficacy and safety of a modified treat-and-extend (mTAE) regimen of aflibercept for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). This was a prospective multicenter intervention study. We evaluated 50 eyes in 50 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (24-month) efficacy and safety of a modified treat-and-extend (mTAE) regimen of aflibercept for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). This was a prospective multicenter intervention study. We evaluated 50 eyes in 50 patients with ME due to BRVO enrolled between October 2016 and September 2017. The patients received intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injections according to a mTAE regimen for 24 months. This study reports the secondary endpoints of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) at 24 months and compares them with previously reported primary endpoints. Compared with baseline BCVA and CST of 0.33 (0.27) and 488 (165) µm (mean (standard deviation)), respectively, BCVA and CST were significantly improved at 12 and 24 months (12 months: 0.059 (0.19) LogMAR and 299 (112) µm; 24 months: 0.034 (0.18) LogMAR and 272 (81) µm, respectively; both p < 0.0001). Over the 24-month period, the mean number of IVA injections and clinic visits was 7.4 (3.3) and 11.1 (2.0), respectively. The mTAE regimen of IVA injections for ME due to BRVO was effective for improving BCVA and reducing CST over 24 months. This regimen shows promise for reducing the number of injections and clinic visits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Retinal Occlusive Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 357 KiB  
Review
Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases
by Ryo Terao, Ryosuke Fujino and Tazbir Ahmed
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6340; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216340 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2086
Abstract
Retinal occlusive diseases are common diseases that can lead to visual impairment. Retinal artery occlusion and retinal vein occlusion are included in the clinical entity, but they have quite different pathophysiologies. Retinal artery occlusion is an emergent eye disorder. Retinal artery occlusion is [...] Read more.
Retinal occlusive diseases are common diseases that can lead to visual impairment. Retinal artery occlusion and retinal vein occlusion are included in the clinical entity, but they have quite different pathophysiologies. Retinal artery occlusion is an emergent eye disorder. Retinal artery occlusion is mainly caused by thromboembolism, which frequently occurs in conjunction with life-threatening stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, prompt examinations and interventions for systemic vascular diseases are often necessary for these patients. Retinal vein occlusion is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and ischemia, which may impair visual function via several complications such as macular edema, macular ischemia, vitreous hemorrhage, and neovascular glaucoma. Even though anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the current established first-line of treatment for retinal vein occlusion, several clinical studies have been performed to identify better treatment protocols and new therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize the current findings and advances in knowledge regarding retinal occlusive diseases, particularly focusing on recent studies, in order to provide an update for a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Retinal Occlusive Diseases)
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