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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Clinical Management
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Clinical Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2027 | Viewed by 1654

Editors

Dr. Dimitrios V. Moysidis

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Guest Editor
Cardiovascular Imaging Department, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: cardiovascular medicine; cardiovascular imaging; coronary artery disease; medical statistics; healthcare management
Dr. Andreas S. Papazoglou

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Guest Editor
Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
Interests: cardiovascular medicine; atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; medical statistics; healthcare management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite major advances in diagnostics, interventional cardiology, and preventive medicine. This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge research on cardiovascular risk assessment, clinical management, and prevention strategies across the full continuum of care. Particular emphasis is placed on the identification and modification of behavioral, psychosocial, and biological risk factors, as well as on the integration of patient-centered communication and health literacy into routine clinical practice.

The scope of this Special Issue includes conservative treatment approaches, percutaneous coronary interventions, preventive cardiovascular medicine, and public health interventions that support sustainable behavioral change and risk factor modification. Core problems addressed include suboptimal risk communication, poor adherence to preventive strategies, and disparities in access to evidence-based cardiovascular care. By mobilizing interdisciplinary research from clinicians and public health scientists, this Special Issue seeks to advance personalized risk management and improve long-term cardiovascular and neurovascular outcomes at both the individual and population levels.

Dr. Dimitrios V. Moysidis
Dr. Andreas S. Papazoglou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular risk assessment
  • cardiovascular disease prevention
  • risk factor management
  • preventive cardiovascular medicine
  • conservative treatment
  • percutaneous coronary interventions
  • health communication strategies
  • public health intervention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 718 KB  
Article
Waist Circumference Modifies the Association Between a Deep Learning-Derived Retinal Biomarker and Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Asymptomatic Adults
by Sung-Hoon Jung, Sung-Goo Kang, Sang-Wook Song, Se-Hong Kim, Dongjin Nam and Junseung Rho
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(12), 4779; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124779 - 19 Jun 2026
Viewed by 225
Abstract
Background: The deep learning-derived retinal cardiovascular risk index (Reti-CVD) is a deep learning-derived retinal biomarker calculated from non-mydriatic fundus photographs for cardiovascular risk assessment. This study examined whether obesity phenotype, particularly central adiposity, modifies the association between Reti-CVD and coronary artery calcium [...] Read more.
Background: The deep learning-derived retinal cardiovascular risk index (Reti-CVD) is a deep learning-derived retinal biomarker calculated from non-mydriatic fundus photographs for cardiovascular risk assessment. This study examined whether obesity phenotype, particularly central adiposity, modifies the association between Reti-CVD and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in asymptomatic adults undergoing routine health screening. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 237 Korean adults who underwent fundus photography for Reti-CVD assessment and cardiac computed tomography for CACS measurement. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women, and general obesity as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Multivariable linear regression models with sequential adjustment were used to evaluate the association between Reti-CVD and CACS. Effect modification was assessed using interaction terms for Reti-CVD×WC and Reti-CVD×BMI. Discriminatory performance for coronary calcification, defined as CACS > 0, was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Abdominal obesity was present in 78 participants (32.9%), and general obesity in 102 (43.0%). Participants with CACS > 0 had significantly higher Reti-CVD scores than those with CACS = 0 (0.15 ± 0.09 vs. 0.09 ± 0.05; p < 0.001). Reti-CVD remained positively associated with CACS after adjustment for metabolic and lifestyle factors. In fully adjusted models, WC significantly moderated this association (interaction p = 0.0288), whereas BMI did not (interaction p = 0.5381). Overall discrimination for CACS > 0 was moderate (AUC = 0.735) and numerically higher in participants with abdominal obesity than in those with normal WC (0.787 vs. 0.695). Conclusions: Reti-CVD is independently associated with coronary calcification, and WC-based central adiposity modifies this relationship. Incorporating obesity phenotype may improve personalized interpretation of retinal biomarker-based cardiovascular risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Clinical Management)
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Other

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13 pages, 1377 KB  
Systematic Review
Melatonin Supplementation and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
by Song Peng Ang, Jia Ee Chia, Umabalan Thirupathy, Madison Laezzo, Vikash Jaiswal, Joseph Varon, Matthew Halma, Eunseuk Lee, George Davidson and Jose Iglesias
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(9), 3444; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15093444 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1114
Abstract
Background: Melatonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, but randomized cardiovascular trial data remain inconsistent. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the association of melatonin supplementation with cardiovascular outcomes across randomized trials. Methods: We performed a [...] Read more.
Background: Melatonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, but randomized cardiovascular trial data remain inconsistent. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the association of melatonin supplementation with cardiovascular outcomes across randomized trials. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing melatonin with placebo, usual care, or no melatonin in patients with cardiovascular disease. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 1 January 2026. Random-effects models with Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman confidence intervals were used. Prespecified outcomes included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), change in LVEF, troponin, infarct size by cardiac magnetic resonance, heart failure outcomes, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and adverse events. Results: A total of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 1027 participants were included. Melatonin significantly improved change in LVEF from baseline to follow-up (mean difference: 3.95 percentage points; 95% CI: 1.70–6.20; p < 0.001), with the most consistent signal in coronary artery bypass grafting studies (mean difference: 4.65 percentage points; 95% CI: 2.56–6.74). Final LVEF was numerically higher with melatonin but not statistically significant. Troponin reduction was not significant. Narrative synthesis suggested lower inflammatory and oxidative stress markers after coronary artery bypass grafting and improvement in heart failure symptoms and quality of life, whereas infarct size findings in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were mixed and timing-dependent. Conclusions: Melatonin was associated with improved LVEF change, particularly in coronary artery bypass grafting settings, but benefit was not consistently demonstrated across final LVEF, troponin, or infarct size outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Clinical Management)
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