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Personalized Medicine for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs)
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Personalized Medicine for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs)

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology & Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 2245

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Mattina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diabetes Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: diabetes; transplantation; obesity; nutrition; cardiovascular diseases; metabolism; steatotic liver disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giulio Geraci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
Interests: hypertension; atherosclerosis; vascular damage; chronic kidney disease; metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vincenzina Lo Re

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neurology Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cerebral small vessel disease; liver rransplantation; brain magnetic resonance imaging elderly age-related diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The average age of the global population is progressively increasing, along with a rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cognitive impairment, result from a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. They are the leading cause of death globally, imposing significant economic burdens on healthcare systems.

This issue aims to highlight the transformative potential of personalized medicine in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of NCDs. The cornerstone of personalized and precision medicine lies in the search for innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets, maintaining a central focus on individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. The ultimate goal is to formulate new strategies for the rapid integration of omics sciences into daily clinical practice.

Dr. Alessandro Mattina
Dr. Giulio Geraci
Dr. Vincenzina Lo Re
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • personalized medicine
  • precision medicine
  • non-communicable disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cancer
  • diabetes
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • cognitive impairment
  • atherosclerosis
  • lipids
  • inflammation
  • immunity
  • therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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21 pages, 2716 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysregulation in Elderly Diabetic Patients: Is There a Gender-Specific Effect
by Magdalena Piłot, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak, Katarzyna Weronika Walkiewicz, Martyna Bednarczyk, Dariusz Waniczek and Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3103; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093103 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 49
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the bacterial domain of the gut microbiome in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a focus on sex differences, glycemic control, and lipid disorders. Methods: This study included 60 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the bacterial domain of the gut microbiome in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a focus on sex differences, glycemic control, and lipid disorders. Methods: This study included 60 older adults with T2D (38 women and 22 men) treated with metformin or a combination of metformin and insulin. The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses, including correlation analysis and multiple regression, were performed to identify the associations between microbial taxa, sex, and metabolic parameters. Results: No statistically significant differences in alpha or beta diversity were observed between the sexes. Multiple regression analysis indicated a positive relationship between Tenericutes and HbA1c in male participants (β = 2.22931, CI [0.75, 3.70], R = 0.67; R2 = 0.36; unadjusted p = 0.0052; adjusted p = 0.0496). In female participants, G0′ (β = −2.24107, CI [−3.19, −1.30], R = 0.78; R2 = 0.58; unadjusted p = 0.00003; adjusted p = 0.0005) and HbA1c (β = −1.86670, CI [−2.61, −1.12], R = 0.78; R2 = 0.58; unadjusted p = 0.00001; adjusted p = 0.0003) correlated negatively with Verrucomicrobia as well G0′ (β = −1.90427, CI [−2.95, −0.85], R = 0.46; R2 = 0.17; unadjusted p = 0.0008; adjusted p = 0.007) and HbA1c (β = −1.69561, CI [−2.52, −0.87], R = 0.46; R2 = 0.17; unadjusted p = 0.0002; adjusted p = 0.002) correlated negatively with OD1 bacteria, known as Parcubacteria. Conclusions: In this elderly population with type 2 diabetes, biological sex did not significantly affect the gut microbiota diversity. However, several exploratory associations between microbial taxa and metabolic parameters differed between men and women, suggesting that sex may influence specific aspects of microbiota—metabolism interactions. These preliminary findings underscore the importance of considering both age- and sex-related factors when investigating the gut microbiome in the context of type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs))
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12 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Coronary Artery Calcium Is Independently Associated with Arterial Stiffness and LDL Cholesterol Burden in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
by Alessandro Mattina, Antonina Giammanco, Davide Noto, Giulio Geraci, Emilio Nardi, Carlo Maria Barbagallo, Carola Maria Gagliardo, Maria Ausilia Giusti, Francesco D’Ignoto, Francesco Giallauria, Carla Di Benedetto, Antonella Maria Cardella, Patrizia Toia, Ludovico La Grutta, Angelo Baldassare Cefalù and Maurizio Averna
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041245 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 673
Abstract
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and exposing patients to higher risk of early cardiovascular (CV) atherosclerotic diseases. Though the estimated prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) is about 1 in 200, [...] Read more.
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and exposing patients to higher risk of early cardiovascular (CV) atherosclerotic diseases. Though the estimated prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) is about 1 in 200, FH is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessment and arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) have demonstrated their accuracy in CV risk assessment, but data on HeFH are lacking. This study aims to evaluate CAC and PWV in a population of HeFH patients to improve risk stratification and therapy timing and setting. Methods: One hundred genetically characterized HeFH patients, regularly followed up since diagnosis, were recruited at our outpatient clinic. In all patients, CAC, PWV measurement, and LDL-C burden calculation were assessed. Results: The mean age was 45 ± 16 years. A total of 25% of patients had hypertension, and 15% were in secondary prevention. Through univariate analysis, we found strong positive correlations between CAC and both PWV (r = 0.52 p > 0.0001) and total LDL-C burden (r = 0.52 p < 0.0001). No other associations with lipid parameters were found. Multivariate analysis showed that CAC was independently associated with PWV adjusted for sex, total LDL-C burden, systolic blood pressure, smoking, LDL-C, HDL-C, and statin treatment. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness is strongly associated with CAC in HeFH patients with similar total LDL-C burden and CV risk profiles. Personalized risk assessment based on arterial stiffness and CAC evaluation enhances the stratification and management of cardiovascular risk in FH patients, supporting individualized therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs))
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10 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Non-Diabetic Adult Hospital Visitors: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Religious Groups in Northern Israel
by Amir Bashkin, Osnat Sharon, Anita Zur and Afif Nakhleh
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7866; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247866 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 992
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ethnocultural differences between Jewish and Arab communities in Northern Israel may contribute to disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence. Widespread screening strategies, including hospital-based initiatives, are crucial for early detection of hyperglycemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postprandial hyperglycemia [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Ethnocultural differences between Jewish and Arab communities in Northern Israel may contribute to disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence. Widespread screening strategies, including hospital-based initiatives, are crucial for early detection of hyperglycemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postprandial hyperglycemia and identify its associated factors in a diverse population of non-diabetic adults visiting the Galilee Medical Center, a tertiary care hospital in Northern Israel. Methods: Participants were recruited between November 2017 and July 2023 through a voluntary screening program for non-diabetic adult visitors to the hospital. Capillary blood glucose measurements were obtained 1–4 h after a meal using a standardized glucometer. Postprandial hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level ≥147 mg/dL, while postprandial normoglycemia was defined as ≤133 mg/dL. Individuals with glucose levels between 134–146 mg/dL were excluded from the analysis. Additional exclusion criteria included known diabetes, acute illness, corticosteroid use, and pregnancy. Demographic data, lifestyle factors, and health status were recorded. Propensity score matching was employed to ensure comparability between religious groups based on age, gender, and body mass index. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of postprandial hyperglycemia. Results: 3457 adult visitors underwent postprandial glucose testing and met eligibility criteria. Following propensity score matching, 1845 participants (615 each from Druze, Jewish, and Muslim religious groups) were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of postprandial hyperglycemia was 9.4% in Druze, 6.0% in Jews, and 8.0% in Muslims (p = 0.08). Age >50 years was significantly associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in all groups. Obesity was associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in Muslims, with a similar non-significant trend in the Jewish cohort. Self-reported poor health was also associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in Muslims. In the Druze cohort, a low daily intake of daily fresh vegetable consumption was significantly associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. Conclusions: This study highlights the feasibility of hospital-based screening for postprandial hyperglycemia among adult visitors and reveals ethnic variations in prevalence and associated risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs))
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