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Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis
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Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 34893

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Masutaka Furue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
Interests: atopic dermatitis; psoriasis; dioxin; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; skin neoplasms; melanoma; skin barrier; pruritus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common inflammatory skin diseases which enormously deteriorate the psycho–physical and socio-economic condition of afflicted patients. Although the epidermal keratinocytes are the major targets, differential immune responses have been found to operate in the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The recent therapeutic success of specific biologics points a crucial role of IL-13/IL-4 and IL-22 in atopic dermatitis, and TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-17A in psoriasis. These cytokines differentially affect epidermal barrier function, epidermal proliferation, and the inflammatory response of the skin with variable levels of pruritus and scratch injury. As the skin is constantly exposed to the outside atmosphere, a myriad of external stimuli such as ultraviolet rays and environmental chemicals may exacerbate or ameliorate the cytokine-mediated keratinocyte alteration. Thus, the skin barrier, itching, and inflammation are current and future treatment targets for both diseases. We welcome manuscripts on all aspects of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and would be happy to review your contributions to our Special Issue in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Prof. Dr. Masutaka Furue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atopic dermatitis
  • psoriasis
  • skin barrier
  • IL-4
  • IL-13
  • IL-17A
  • IL-22
  • TNF-α
  • pruritus
  • scratching

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis”
by Masutaka Furue
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(23), 5701; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235701 - 04 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common inflammatory skin diseases that enormously deteriorate the psycho-physical and socio-economic condition of the patients who are afflicted with these conditions [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)

Research

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12 pages, 7418 KiB  
Article
Daily Fluctuation of Facial Pore Area, Roughness and Redness among Young Japanese Women; Beneficial Effects of Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate Containing Antioxidative Skin Care Formula
by Kukizo Miyamoto, Bandara Dissanayake, Tatsuya Omotezako, Masaki Takemura, Gaku Tsuji and Masutaka Furue
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(11), 2502; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112502 - 05 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5270
Abstract
Young women often complain about the daily fluctuation of their facial skin conditions. However, no objective study has been carried out on such changes. This study is aimed at quantitatively elucidating daily skin fluctuation and evaluating the efficacy of cosmetic skin care treatment. [...] Read more.
Young women often complain about the daily fluctuation of their facial skin conditions. However, no objective study has been carried out on such changes. This study is aimed at quantitatively elucidating daily skin fluctuation and evaluating the efficacy of cosmetic skin care treatment. We developed the first portable and self-guided facial skin imaging device (eMR Pro) to reproducibly capture facial images at home. Two 8 week clinical studies were then conducted to analyze daily skin fluctuation of facial pore areas, roughness and redness in young Japanese women (n = 47 in study 1 and n = 57 in study 2) by collecting facial images three times a day, during the morning after wake-up, during the morning after face wash, and during the evening after face wash. After a 4 week baseline measurement period (week -4 to week -1), all subjects applied Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, Pitera®) skin care formula twice a day for 4 weeks (week 1 to week 4). These three skin conditions did exhibit different fluctuation patterns. The pore area and roughness showed the “morning after wake-up”-largest fluctuation pattern, whereas redness showed the “evening after face wash”-largest fluctuation pattern. GFF treatment significantly reduced the net values and delta fluctuation of pore area, roughness, and redness, which were consistently observed in two studies. In conclusion, the daily fluctuation of facial skin conditions is potentially a new target field for investigating healthy skin maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
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12 pages, 474 KiB  
Article
Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity
by Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, María-Victoria Segura-Fernández-Nogueras, Isabel Pérez-Rodríguez, Miguel Soler-Gongora, Antonio Martinez-Lopez, Ana Fernández-González, Alejandro Molina-Leyva and Salvador Arias-Santiago
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(2), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020359 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 92 | Viewed by 6892
Abstract
Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to [...] Read more.
Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to evaluate disease severity accurately. Thus, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare skin barrier function between healthy skin, psoriatic skin and AD skin; and (2) to assess if skin barrier function parameters could predict disease severity. A cross-sectional study was designed, and epidermal barrier function parameters were measured. The study included 314 participants: 157 healthy individuals, 92 psoriatic patients, and 65 atopic dermatitis patients. TEWL was significantly higher, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (8.71 vs. 38.43 vs. 44.39 Arbitrary Units (AU)) was lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved psoriatic skin and healthy controls. Patients with both TEWL > 13.85 g·m−2h−1 and temperature > 30.85 °C presented a moderate/severe psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index (PASI) ≥ 7), with a specificity of 76.3%. TEWL (28.68 vs. 13.15 vs. 11.60 g·m−2 h−1) and temperature were significantly higher, while SCH (25.20 vs. 40.95 vs. 50.73 AU) was lower at AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin and healthy controls. Patients with a temperature > 31.75 °C presented a moderate/severe AD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) ≥ 37) with a sensitivity of 81.8%. In conclusion, temperature and TEWL values may help clinicians to determine disease severity and select patients who need intensive treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
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Review

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11 pages, 983 KiB  
Review
Interleukin-31 and Pruritic Skin
by Masutaka Furue and Mihoko Furue
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(9), 1906; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091906 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4690
Abstract
Skin inflammation often evokes pruritus, which is the major subjective symptom in many inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Pruritus or itch is a specific sensation found only in the skin. Recent studies have stressed the pivotal role played [...] Read more.
Skin inflammation often evokes pruritus, which is the major subjective symptom in many inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Pruritus or itch is a specific sensation found only in the skin. Recent studies have stressed the pivotal role played by interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the sensation of pruritus. IL-31 is produced by various cells including T helper 2 cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and eosinophils. IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and oncostatin M receptor β. Recent clinical trials have shown that the anti-IL-31RA antibody nemolizumab can successfully decrease pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. The IL-31 pathway and pruritic skin are highlighted in this review article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
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25 pages, 3026 KiB  
Review
Regulation of Skin Barrier Function via Competition between AHR Axis versus IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 Axis: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis
by Masutaka Furue
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(11), 3741; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113741 - 20 Nov 2020
Cited by 80 | Viewed by 10298
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and chronic pruritus. As the anti-interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor α antibody dupilumab improves all three cardinal features of AD, the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and especially IL-13 have been indicated to have pathogenic significance [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and chronic pruritus. As the anti-interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor α antibody dupilumab improves all three cardinal features of AD, the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and especially IL-13 have been indicated to have pathogenic significance in AD. Accumulating evidence has shown that the skin barrier function is regulated via competition between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) axis (up-regulation of barrier) and the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis (down-regulation of barrier). This latter axis also induces oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammation. Conventional and recently developed agents for treating AD such as steroid, calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine, dupilumab, and JAK inhibitors inhibit the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis, while older remedies such as coal tar and glyteer are antioxidative AHR agonists. In this article, I summarize the pathogenic and therapeutic implications of the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis and the AHR axis in AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
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Other

8 pages, 1586 KiB  
Commentary
OX40L–OX40 Signaling in Atopic Dermatitis
by Masutaka Furue and Mihoko Furue
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(12), 2578; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122578 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5454
Abstract
OX40 is one of the co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells, and it is engaged by OX40L, primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. The OX40L–OX40 axis is involved in the sustained activation and expansion of effector T and effector [...] Read more.
OX40 is one of the co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells, and it is engaged by OX40L, primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. The OX40L–OX40 axis is involved in the sustained activation and expansion of effector T and effector memory T cells, but it is not active in naïve and resting memory T cells. Ligation of OX40 by OX40L accelerates both T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) effector cell differentiation. Recent therapeutic success in clinical trials highlights the importance of the OX40L–OX40 axis as a promising target for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
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