Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease and Imaging Techniques—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 1271

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: heart valve disease; tricuspid valve; mitral valve; echocardiography; computed tomography; structural heart disease interventions; multimodality imaging
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Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Rome, Italy
Interests: 3D echocardiography; transesophageal echocardiography; mitral regurgitation; aortic regurgitation; valvulopaties; heart failure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to participate in this Special Issue of JCM entitled “Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease and Imaging Techniques—2nd Edition”.

In recent years, several new therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of mitral and tricuspid valve disease, including minimally invasive cardiac surgery and structural interventional cardiology. At the same time, new echocardiographic techniques, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have made significant advances in the diagnosis of valvular heart disease. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to detect valvular heart disease early, to choose the right and timely intervention, and finally to find an appropriate imaging protocol for each approach in order to determine anatomical feasibility and predict the success of the intervention. With this in mind, rigorous patient selection, access to advanced surgical techniques, availability of safe and effective transcatheter devices and a careful research approach are critical to align these developments with the unmet clinical needs of patients.

The current Special Issue aims to provide the readers with an updated overview of the latest discoveries and new findings, analysis of previously published data, and new opinions and perspectives on imaging techniques for mitral and tricuspid valve disease.

Dr. Valeria Cammalleri
Dr. Annalisa Pasquini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • imaging in valvular heart disease
  • mitral valve disease
  • tricuspid valve disease
  • computed tomography
  • echocardiography
  • transesophageal echocardiography
  • cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
  • cardiac surgery
  • structural interventional cardiology
  • multi-modality imaging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 7790 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Modelling of Indexed Papillary Muscle Displacement in Patients Requiring Mitral Valve Surgery Using Four-Dimensional Echocardiography Variables
by Zhi Xian Ong, Ashlynn Ai Li Ler, Liang Shen, Theo Kofidis, Lian-Kah Ti and Faizus Sazzad
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7503; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247503 - 10 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging are commonly used in assessing ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) in patients with mitral valve disease. However, the use of 4D echocardiographic imaging has not yet been reported. The objectives of this [...] Read more.
Background: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging are commonly used in assessing ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) in patients with mitral valve disease. However, the use of 4D echocardiographic imaging has not yet been reported. The objectives of this study were to explore the efficacy of utilizing 4D echocardiographic variables, determine papillary muscle displacement in patients with either IMR or DMR, and compare the differences in papillary muscle displacement between groups. Methods: Thirty-four patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (with IMR) and Group 2 (with DMR). Using clinical ultrasound software, 4D echocardiographic variables were obtained and compared between the groups. Pearson’s product–moment correlation test was used to assess the relationship between the presence of IMR and both papillary muscle displacement and indexed papillary muscle displacement. Results: The mean values for papillary muscle displacement in Groups 1 and 2 were 38 ± 6.7 mm and 31.8 ± 6.1 mm, respectively. Indexed papillary muscle displacement was 22.8 ± 3.7 mm in Group 1 and 18.4 ± 3.5 mm in Group 2. There were statistically significant correlations between the presence of IMR and papillary muscle displacement (p = 0.009) and indexed papillary muscle displacement (p = 0.002). A significant correlation was also observed between IMR and PL (p = 0.001), with mean values of 15.7 ± 3.9 mm in Group 1 and 20.2 ± 5.6 mm in Group 2. Conclusions: Four-dimensional echocardiography is effective in evaluating morphological variations in IMR. It successfully determined papillary muscle displacement in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery and demonstrated a positive correlation between IMR and indexed papillary muscle displacement. Full article
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13 pages, 6290 KiB  
Case Report
Does Preliminary Chest Shape Assessment Improve the Prognostic Risk Stratification of Individuals with Mitral Annular Disjunction? A Case Report and Narrative Review
by Andrea Sonaglioni, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Giovanna Elsa Ute Muti-Schünemann, Gaetana Anna Rispoli, Michele Lombardo and Paola Muti
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2277; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072277 - 26 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background: Mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a mitral annular abnormality involving the whole mitral valve annulus circumference, commonly detected in individuals with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), has been recently recognized as a potential risk factor for malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death. [...] Read more.
Background: Mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a mitral annular abnormality involving the whole mitral valve annulus circumference, commonly detected in individuals with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), has been recently recognized as a potential risk factor for malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death. Recent evidence indicates that a multimodality imaging assessment comprehensive of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) may improve MAD detection. To date, no previous author has considered the potential influence of chest wall conformation on MAD presence. Considering the strong association between MVP and anterior chest wall deformities and the increased prevalence of MAD among MVP individuals, we have hypothesized that MAD presence might be more frequently detected among MVP individuals with a narrow anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter and/or concave-shaped chest wall conformation, as noninvasively assessed by the modified Haller index (MHI). Methods: Herein, we present a case of MVP female with relevant MAD distance and moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) who underwent a diagnostic study comprehensive of transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, CMR, CCTA, and exercise stress echocardiography. Results: The patient was found with a concave-shaped chest wall conformation (MHI > 2.5) and narrow A-P thoracic diameter (<13.5 cm), with a moderate and non-hemodynamically significant MR, without areas of LGE on CMR and with low arrhythmic profile. Conclusions: A preliminary chest shape assessment by the MHI might improve the prognostic risk stratification of MVP patients with MAD, potentially identifying a benign phenotype of MVP individuals, i.e., those with a narrow A-P thoracic diameter. Full article
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