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Special Issue "Innovative Opportunities in Neurological Diseases Diagnosis, Management and Therapy"

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2023 | Viewed by 2794

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Dr. Luigi Lavorgna

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Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Interests: digital health; remote monitoring; digital therapeutics; telemedicine; e-health
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, neurological disorders are characterized by the need to find new solutions for their management—both from an epidemiological perspective, and for progress in the field of diagnostic, pharmacological, symptomatic and rehabilitative therapies. We have been diagnosing so-called millennials with neurological diseases for some years now. It is, therefore, the duty of science to explore new tools for diagnosis, management and future approaches, which is precisely the goal of this Special Issue on “Innovative opportunities in neurological diseases diagnosis, management and therapy”.

Dr. Luigi Lavorgna
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Alzheimer’s disease
migraine
epilepsy
myasthenia gravis
stroke
neurological genetic disorders
peripheral neuropathies
neuromuscular diseases
ataxia
Huntington’s disease
digital health
e-health
remote monitoring
digital therapeutics
machine learning
artificial intelligence

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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Open AccessEditorial

The Peculiarity of Infection and Immunity Correlated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the HIV-Infected Population

Yanli Wang

Jun Yang

and

Ying Wen

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030907 - 23 Jan 2023

Viewed by 688

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can occur at all stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are the main infectious agents in HIV-positive GBS cases. These cases include acute and chronic HIV infection, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) shortly after anti-retroviral therapy (ART), those with ART interruption, or those with cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) HIV escape. The mechanisms are involved in both humoral and cellular immunities. Demyelinating and axonal neuropathies are the main pathological mechanisms in GBS. Presentation and prognosis are identical to those in patients without HIV infection. Typical or atypical clinical manifestations, CSF analysis, electrophysiological and pathological examination, and antiganglioside antibody detection can help diagnose GBS and classify its various subtypes. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange have been used to treat GBS in HIV-positive patients with a necessary ART, while ganciclovir or foscarnet sodium should be used to treat ongoing CMV- or VZV-associated GBS. Steroids may be beneficial for patients with IRIS-related GBS. We reviewed HIV-positive cases with GBS published since 2000 and summarized their features to highlight the necessity of HIV testing among patients with GBS. Moreover, the establishment of a multidisciplinary team will guarantee diagnostic and therapeutic advantages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Opportunities in Neurological Diseases Diagnosis, Management and Therapy)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Calibration of a Tool Based on 360 Degree Videos for the Assessment of Executive Functions

and

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041645 - 18 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Introduction: Over the last decades, interactive technologies appeared a promising solution in the ecological evaluation of executive functioning. We have developed the EXecutive-functions Innovative Tool 360° (EXIT 360°), a new instrument that exploits 360° technologies to provide an ecologically valid assessment of executive functioning. Aim: This work wanted to evaluate the convergent validity of the EXIT 360°, comparing it with traditional neuropsychological tests (NPS) for executive functioning. Methods: Seventy-seven healthy subjects underwent an evaluation that involved: (1) a paper-and-pencil neuropsychological assessment, (2) an EXIT 360° session, involving seven subtasks delivered by VR headset, and (3) a usability assessment. To evaluate convergent validity, statistical correlation analyses were performed between NPS and EXIT 360° scores. Results: The data showed that participants had completed the whole task in about 8 min, with 88.3% obtaining a high total score (≥12). Regarding convergent validity, the data revealed a significant correlation between the EXIT 360° total score and all NPS. Furthermore, data showed a correlation between the EXIT 360° total reaction time and timed neuropsychological tests. Finally, the usability assessment showed a good score. Conclusion: This work appears as a first validation step towards considering the EXIT 360° as a standardized instrument that uses 360° technologies to conduct an ecologically valid assessment of executive functioning. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the EXIT 360° in discriminating between healthy control subjects and patients with executive dysfunctions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Opportunities in Neurological Diseases Diagnosis, Management and Therapy)

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Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Changes in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients after Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation—A Retrospective Observational Study

Wojciech Borowicz

Kuba Ptaszkowski

Lucyna Ptaszkowska

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz

and

Joanna Rosińczuk

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031029 - 29 Jan 2023

Viewed by 471

Abstract

Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of ischemic stroke. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker of inflammation and may reflect the progression of vascular disease. Using a biomarker such as CRP to predict recovery rather than mortality may present clinical value in providing rehabilitation. The primary aim of the study was to analyze changes in serum CRP levels in patients after ischemic stroke during the regenerative-compensatory period and to assess the usefulness of CRP as a potential biomarker during the rehabilitation period. The project was carried out as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from post-stroke patients from the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław. A group of 52 patients, after their first-ever ischemic stroke with subsequent hemiplegia, was finally qualified to participate in the study. Serum CRP levels were determined during blood laboratory tests. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to assess functional outcomes. Rehabilitation using neurophysiological methods was applied five days a week (each session lasted 60 min, and the entire period was 42 days). At the first test, serum CRP levels were found to be above 5 mg/L in 19 patients, the second test in 12 patients, the third test in five patients, and the fourth test in 9 patients. Only three patients had values higher than 5 mg/L in all consecutive assessments (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in BI scores after therapy (p < 0.001) as well as a decrease in the mRS score by 2.2 points (p < 0.001), in CRP values by 5.02 mg/L (p = 0.019), and in cortisol levels by 2.5 nmol/L (p = 0.002). Statistically significant relationships were observed between the CRP levels after rehabilitation and the corresponding mRS scores (rs = 0.29, p = 0.038). Furthermore, the effect of BMI on CRP levels was demonstrated (B = 0.20, p = 0.038). In conclusion, despite demonstrating a significant relationship between CRP levels and corresponding mRS scores, CRP levels alone may not serve as an independent predictor of long-term functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Opportunities in Neurological Diseases Diagnosis, Management and Therapy)

Open AccessArticle

Resilience, Stress, Well-Being, and Sleep Quality in Multiple Sclerosis

Anne Marie Novak

and

Shahar Lev-Ari

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020716 - 16 Jan 2023

Viewed by 812

Abstract

(1) Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, immune-mediated disorder that affects the Central Nervous System and is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. The study aimed to assess the levels of stress, resilience, well-being, sleep quality, and fatigue in Israeli people with MS (PwMS), and to examine the associations between these factors and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. These factors had never before been studied in conjunction in PwMS, nor had they been systematically addressed in Israel, the unique geopolitical situation of which may pose unique challenges. (2) Methods: This was a survey-based, cross-sectional study conducted through an Internet platform. (3) Results: Israeli PwMS who participated in the study were experiencing relatively high levels of stress and low resilience, poor sleep quality, and severe fatigue. The analysis revealed significant associations between resilience and stress, well-being, and anxiety, as well as stress and well-being, resilience, sleep quality, fatigue, and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). (4) Conclusions: the Israeli PwMS who participated in the study were experiencing higher levels of stress, lower resilience and worse sleep quality than PwMS in other countries, as compared to results previously reported in literature. The findings of this study ought to serve as a call to action for the MS care providers in Israel and warrant further research into the possible causes of the phenomenon and strategies to address it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Opportunities in Neurological Diseases Diagnosis, Management and Therapy)

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