Assessment of Changes in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients after Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation—A Retrospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Consideration
2.2. Participants and Design
2.3. Qualification Procedure
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.5. Neurological Rehabilitation
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Study Group (n = 52) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SD | Min | Max | ||
Age [years] | 65.8 | 9.33 | 48.0 | 83.0 |
Height [cm] | 167.86 | 8.67 | 150.00 | 186.00 |
Body weight [kg] | 73.74 | 14.40 | 46.00 | 108.00 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 26.12 | 4.21 | 16.33 | 35.44 |
Time since stroke onset [days] | 23.9 | 2.76 | 18.0 | 30.0 |
NIHSS [score] | 17.1 | 1.08 | 16.0 | 19.0 |
Sex | F—n = 18; 32.7% M—n = 34; 67.3% | |||
Hypertension | No—n = 13; 24.0% Yes—n = 39; 76.0% | |||
Diabetes | No—n = 33; 64.0% Yes—n = 19; 36.0% | |||
Smoking | No—n = 32; 62.0% Yes—n = 20; 38.0% |
Sample Number | n | Min–Max [mg/L] | SD [mg/L] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Admission Test 1 | 52 | 0.4–70.3 | 8.1 | 14.6 |
After 2 weeks Test 2 | 52 | 0.4–31.9 | 4.3 | 5.88 |
After 4 weeks Test 3 | 52 | 0.4–26.7 | 3.0 | 4.09 |
After 6 weeks Test 4 | 52 | 0.4–12.7 | 3.1 | 2.88 |
p-value | 0.94 * |
Before | After | Difference | p-Value | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SD | Min | Max | SD | Min | Max | SD | Min | Max | |||||
BI | 9.6 | 1.58 | 7.0 | 13.0 | 16.62 | 1.12 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 7.02 | 1.19 | 5.0 | 10.0 | <0.001 |
mRS | 3.48 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 1.28 | 0.45 | 1.0 | 2.0 | −2.2 | 0.45 | −3.0 | −1.0 | <0.001 |
CRP [mg/L] | 8.08 | 14.59 | 0.4 | 70.3 | 3.06 | 2.88 | 0.40 | 12.7 | −5.02 | 13.97 | −63.9 | 8.7 | 0.019 |
COR [nmol/L] | 15.92 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 29.7 | 13.42 | 3.13 | 7.20 | 20.6 | −2.5 | 3.85 | −11.3 | 6.0 | 0.002 |
Hemoglobin [g/dL] | 13.93 | 1.64 | 10.7 | 17.2 | 13.99 | 1.37 | 10.6 | 16.0 | 0.06 | 1.09 | −2.5 | 3.3 | 0.835 |
RBC [T/L] | 4.48 | 0.51 | 3.45 | 5.98 | 4.6 | 0.49 | 3.57 | 5.56 | 0.13 | 0.34 | −0.5 | 0.9 | 0.208 |
WBC [thous./µL] | 7.39 | 2.3 | 3.96 | 14.05 | 6.95 | 1.91 | 4.42 | 14.2 | −0.44 | 2.22 | −7.1 | 3.9 | 0.296 |
PLT [thous./µL] | 242.48 | 67.42 | 103.0 | 472.0 | 260.14 | 67.72 | 119.0 | 410.0 | 17.66 | 59.76 | −136.0 | 173.0 | 0.194 |
HCT [%] | 40.6 | 4.14 | 30.7 | 50.3 | 40.79 | 3.83 | 32.40 | 49.1 | 0.19 | 2.41 | −6.7 | 6.2 | 0.816 |
mRS | BI | COR | HB | RBC | WBC | PLT | HTC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRP | Before treatment | coefficient r | 0.18 | −0.13 | 0.16 | −0.26 | −0.18 | 0.13 | −0.01 | −0.20 |
p-value | 0.221 | 0.372 | 0.261 | 0.066 | 0.202 | 0.369 | 0.946 | 0.170 | ||
After treatment | coefficient r | 0.29 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.09 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.30 | −0.01 | |
p-value | 0.038 | 0.686 | 0.640 | 0.514 | 0.412 | 0.384 | 0.036 | 0.943 | ||
Difference | coefficient r | 0.19 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
p-value | 0.194 | 0.800 | 0.577 | 0.995 | 0.688 | 0.164 | 0.612 | 0.627 |
Univariate Linear Regression Analysis | Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | t | p-Value | ß | B | SE | t | p-Value | ß | ||
Age | 0.00 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.95 | −0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | |
BMI * | 0.20 | 0.09 | 2.14 | 0.038 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 2.94 | 0.005 | 0.38 | |
Time since stroke onset | 0.07 | 0.73 | 0.10 | 0.920 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | |
NIHSS | 2.29 | 1.84 | 1.25 | 0.22 | 0.18 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sex | M | Ref. | - | ||||||||
F | −0.11 | 0.45 | −0.24 | 0.81 | −0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Hypertension | No | Ref. | - | ||||||||
Yes * | −0.78 | 0.47 | −1.66 | 0.10 | −0.23 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Diabetes | No | Ref. | - | ||||||||
Yes | 0.11 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.79 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Smoking | No | Ref. | - | ||||||||
Yes | −0.06 | 0.42 | −0.13 | 0.90 | −0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | |
mRS–before | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.11 | - | - | - | - | - | |
mRS–after * | 1.61 | 0.89 | 1.81 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 2.43 | 0.83 | 2.94 | 0.005 | 0.38 | |
BI–before | −0.23 | 0.26 | −0.86 | 0.39 | −0.12 | - | - | - | - | - | |
BI–after | −0.02 | 0.37 | −0.05 | 0.96 | −0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | |
COR [nmol/L]–before | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.80 | 0.43 | 0.11 | - | - | - | - | - | |
COR [nmol/L]–after * | 0.21 | 0.13 | 1.62 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 2.36 | 0.023 | 0.30 | |
HGB [g/dL] *–before | −0.25 | 0.25 | −1.00 | 0.32 | −0.14 | - | - | - | - | - | |
HGB [g/dL] *–after | −0.07 | 0.30 | −0.24 | 0.81 | −0.03 | - | - | - | - | - | |
RBC [T/L]–before | −0.25 | 0.82 | −0.30 | 0.76 | −0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | |
RBC [T/L]–after * | 0.90 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 0.29 | 0.15 | - | - | - | - | - | |
WBC [thous./µL]–before | 0.30 | 0.18 | 1.71 | 0.09 | 0.24 | - | - | - | - | - | |
WBC [thous./µL]–after * | 0.38 | 0.21 | 1.81 | 0.08 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | |
PLT [thous./µL]–before | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0.86 | −0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | |
PLT [thous./µL]–after * | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.07 | 0.054 | 0.29 | - | - | - | - | - | |
HTC [%]–before | 0.00 | 0.10 | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | |
HTC [%]–after | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - |
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Borowicz, W.; Ptaszkowski, K.; Ptaszkowska, L.; Murawska-Ciałowicz, E.; Rosińczuk, J. Assessment of Changes in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients after Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation—A Retrospective Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031029
Borowicz W, Ptaszkowski K, Ptaszkowska L, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Rosińczuk J. Assessment of Changes in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients after Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation—A Retrospective Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(3):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031029
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorowicz, Wojciech, Kuba Ptaszkowski, Lucyna Ptaszkowska, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, and Joanna Rosińczuk. 2023. "Assessment of Changes in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients after Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation—A Retrospective Observational Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031029