Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors

A special issue of Inorganics (ISSN 2304-6740). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 13118

Special Issue Editor

School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: metal oxide semiconductor; optoelectronic; photoelectrochemistry; photodetector; solar cell

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal oxides have emerged as promising material candidates in various optoelectronic applications. Compared with amorphous silicon (a-Si) and organic semiconductors, metal oxides offer unique advantages, such as tunable bandgap and the ability to be controllably doped. However, the wide application of metal oxide semiconductors relies on a better understanding of optoelectronic properties that covers essential details of structure properties, band structure, transport, and optical and magnetic properties of semiconductors. This Special Issue focuses on the most recent advances in aspects of optoelectronic properties and applications of metal oxide semiconductors in the form of original research articles and critical reviews. Other related topics, such as 2D material optoelectronics and Si-based devices, are also welcome to the Special Issue.

Dr. Zemin Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Inorganics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optoelectronic properties
  • photodetector
  • solar fuel
  • solar cell
  • defects modulation
  • fermi level engineering

Published Papers (10 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

20 pages, 8586 KiB  
Article
Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Single and Mixed Ni-Co Aluminates Nanoparticles
by Dana Gingasu, Ovidiu Oprea, Gabriela Marinescu, Jose Maria Calderon Moreno, Daniela C. Culita, Silviu Preda and Vasile-Adrian Surdu
Inorganics 2023, 11(9), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11090371 - 16 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1126
Abstract
A series including single and mixed Ni-Co aluminates was obtained using the precursor method, with malic acid as a ligand. The malate precursors (polynuclear coordination compounds) were isolated and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The [...] Read more.
A series including single and mixed Ni-Co aluminates was obtained using the precursor method, with malic acid as a ligand. The malate precursors (polynuclear coordination compounds) were isolated and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The UV–Vis–NIR spectra of the synthesized complex compounds highlighted the presence of Co2+ and Ni2+ in an octahedral environment. The thermal decomposition of these precursors led to Co1−xNixAl2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1) spinels. The effect of Ni2+ substitution on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the obtained oxides was studied with the help of different characterization tools. XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectra evidenced the formation of the spinel phase. The size of the crystallites and the agglomeration degree of the particles decrease when the nickel content increases. The band gap (BG) value is not significantly influenced by the Ni substitution. The fluorescence spectra recorded for all samples show a similar pattern, but different intensities of the emission bands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

25 pages, 9573 KiB  
Article
Probe-Sonicated Synthesis of CuO–ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic and Supercapacitor Applications
by Amal BaQais, Mir Waqas Alam, Mohd Farhan, Ghazala Muteeb, Nassiba Allag and Shehla Mushtaq
Inorganics 2023, 11(9), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11090370 - 16 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1094
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted probe sonication route effectively prepared pure CuO and two-dimensional CuO-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) for different ratios of CuO and ZnO, and the experimental and theoretical methods investigated the structural, photocatalytic, and electrochemical properties. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns revealed a crystallite size [...] Read more.
An ultrasound-assisted probe sonication route effectively prepared pure CuO and two-dimensional CuO-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) for different ratios of CuO and ZnO, and the experimental and theoretical methods investigated the structural, photocatalytic, and electrochemical properties. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns revealed a crystallite size (D) range of 25 to 31 nm for pure CuO and CuO-ZnO NCs. According to calculations, the sample’s optical energy bandgap value (Eg) for the NCs is between 1.72 and 2.15 eV. Under UV light irradiation, the photocatalytic discoloration of pure CuO and CuO-ZnO NCs on fast blue (FB) dye was assessed. Under the influence of UV light, the CuO with 10% ZnO composite degrades 83.4% of the dye, which is greater than pure CuO and other NCs. The electrochemical properties of the prepared NCs materials have been studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance values were found to be 248 Fg−1, 301 Fg−1, 352 Fg−1, and 277 Fg−1 for CuO, CuO + 5% ZnO, CuO + 10% ZnO, and CuO + 15% ZnO, respectively, at 1 A/g current density. Galvanostatic charge–discharge tests for these designed NCs show excellent capacitance performance in supercapacitors applications. These innovative results could be considered for expanding novel resources to scale for dual applications in photocatalysis and supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5726 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Study of Photocatalytic Properties of (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 Nanocomposites
by Liying Ju, Dunhua Hong, Xing Jin, Hongxian Liu, Xiude Yang, Liying Nie, Qibin Liu, Zhixi Gao, Wei Zhu, Yi Wang and Xiang Yang
Inorganics 2023, 11(6), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11060258 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1011
Abstract
There have been many articles on the degradation of pollutants by binary and ternary nanocomposites in the field of photocatalysis. However, there has been no research comparing the photocatalytic performance of Rhodamine B (Rh B) between (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 [...] Read more.
There have been many articles on the degradation of pollutants by binary and ternary nanocomposites in the field of photocatalysis. However, there has been no research comparing the photocatalytic performance of Rhodamine B (Rh B) between (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 nanocomposites and binary nanocomposites. To this end, we prepared and studied (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 nanocomposites and compared their photocatalytic degradation efficiency with binary composites and parent materials for Rhodamine B. We concluded that the best ternary polymer nanocomposite for degrading Rhodamine B is (Pt(5 wt%)-TiO2(15 wt%))@MoS2. In this work, a series of MoS2, TiO2@MoS2, and (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 nanocomposites with various compositions were synthesized by the hydrothermal and deposition–precipitation methods, and their photocatalytic characteristics were studied in depth using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) photoluminescence spectra (PL), FTIR spectra, UV–Vis DRS spectra, and BET analyzer. The results confirmed that TiO2 and M(Pt, Ag and Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were evenly distributed on MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) to form (M(M=Pt, Ag and Au)-TiO2)@MoS2 nanocomposite heterojunction. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum test results indicated that (Pt(5 wt%)-TiO2(15 wt%))@MoS2 ternary heterojunction nanocomposites exhibited the highest photocatalysis activity, with the maximum value of 99.0% compared to 93% for TiO2(15 wt%)@MoS2, 96.5% for (Ag(5 wt%)-TiO2(15 wt%))@MoS2, and 97.8% for (Au(5 wt%)-TiO2(15 wt%))@MoS2 within 9 min. The advanced structure of (Pt-TiO2)@MoS2 improved both light harvesting and electron transfer in the photocatalytic composites, contributing to remarkable catalytic effectiveness and extended durability for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B). In-depth discussions of the potential growth and photocatalytic mechanism, which will help improve the energy and environmental fields, are included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 8756 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Ag+/Ti4+ Ratio on Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of MWCNT–TiO2–Ag Nanocomposites
by Ramona-Crina Suciu, Mioara Zagrai, Adriana Popa, Dana Toloman, Camelia Berghian-Grosan, Cristian Tudoran and Maria Stefan
Inorganics 2023, 11(6), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11060249 - 07 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1006
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple procedure to obtain multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with TiO2–Ag nanoparticles (MWCNT–TiO2–Ag). The MWCNTs were decorated with TiO2–Ag via combined functionalization with –OH and –COOH groups and a polymer-wrapping technique [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose a simple procedure to obtain multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with TiO2–Ag nanoparticles (MWCNT–TiO2–Ag). The MWCNTs were decorated with TiO2–Ag via combined functionalization with –OH and –COOH groups and a polymer-wrapping technique using poly(allylamine)hydrochloride (PAH). TiO2-modified Ag nanoparticles were synthesized via the Pechini method using a mixture of acetylacetonate-modified titanium (IV) isopropoxide with silver nitrate (with Ag+/Ti4+ atomic ratios of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) and L(+)-ascorbic acid as reducing agents. XRD analysis revealed the formation of nanocomposites containing CNT, anatase TiO2, and Ag. The presence of nanoparticles on the MWCNT surfaces was determined using TEM. The morphology of the TiO2–Ag nanoparticles on the MWCNT surfaces was also determined using TEM. UV–Vis investigations revealed that an increase in the ratio between Ag+ and Ti4+ decreased the band gap energy of the samples. The characteristic vibrations of the TiO2, Ag, and C atoms of the graphite were identified using Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the MWCNT–TiO2–Ag nanocomposite was assessed by examining the degradation of Allura Red (E129) aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The dye photodegradation process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic with respect to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction mechanism. The spin-trapping technique evidenced that O2− was the main species generated responsible for the Allura Red degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 5174 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of ZnWO4-SnO2 Core–Shell Nanorods for Enhanced Solar Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Performance
by Bathula Babu, Shaik Gouse Peera and Kisoo Yoo
Inorganics 2023, 11(5), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11050213 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 946
Abstract
This article describes the effective synthesis of colloidal SnO2 quantum dots and ZnWO4 nanorods using wet chemical synthesis and hydrothermal synthesis, respectively. The resulting ZnWO4-SnO2 core–shell nanorod heterostructure is then made, and its structural, optical, and morphological properties [...] Read more.
This article describes the effective synthesis of colloidal SnO2 quantum dots and ZnWO4 nanorods using wet chemical synthesis and hydrothermal synthesis, respectively. The resulting ZnWO4-SnO2 core–shell nanorod heterostructure is then made, and its structural, optical, and morphological properties are assessed using XRD, SEM, TEM, and DRS. The heterojunction’s structural confinement increases the exposure of its reactive sites, and its electronic confinement promotes its redox activity. The heterostructure subsequently exhibits a smaller bandgap and better light-harvesting capabilities, resulting in increased photoelectrochemical performance. The heterostructure of core–shell nanorods shows promise for usage in a range of optoelectronic devices and effective solar energy conversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 6900 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Plasmonic Photocatalysis of Au-Decorated ZnO Nanocomposites
by Maria Stefan, Adriana Popa, Dana Toloman, Cristian Leostean, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran and Alexandra Falamas
Inorganics 2023, 11(4), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11040157 - 06 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1322
Abstract
The rapid development of technological processes in various industrial fields has led to surface water pollution with different organic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, and antibiotics. In this context, it is necessary to find modern, environmentally friendly solutions to avoid the hazardous effects [...] Read more.
The rapid development of technological processes in various industrial fields has led to surface water pollution with different organic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, and antibiotics. In this context, it is necessary to find modern, environmentally friendly solutions to avoid the hazardous effects on the aquatic environment. The aim of this paper is to improve the photocatalytic performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by using the plasmonic resonance induced by covering them with gold (Au) nanoparticles. Therefore, we evaluate the charge carriers’ behavior in terms of optical properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The ZnO-Au nanocomposites were synthesized through a simple chemical protocol in multiple steps. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) approximately 20 nm in diameter were prepared by chemical precipitation. ZnO-Au nanocomposites were obtained by decorating the ZnO NPs with Au at different molar ratios through a reduction process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the simultaneous presence of hexagonal ZnO and cubic Au phases. The optical investigations evidenced the existence of a band-gap absorption peak of ZnO at 372 nm, as well as a surface plasmonic band of Au nanoparticles at 573 nm. The photocatalytic tests indicated increased photocatalytic degradation of the Rhodamine B (RhB) and oxytetracycline (OTC) pollutants under visible light irradiation in the presence of ZnO-Au nanocomposites (60–85%) compared to ZnO NPs (43%). This behavior can be assigned to the plasmonic resonance and the synergetic effects of the individual constituents in the composite nanostructures. The spin-trapping experiments showed the production of ROS while the nanostructures were in contact with the pollutants. This study introduces new strategies to adjust the efficiency of photocatalytic devices by the combination of two types of nanostructures with synergistic functionalities into one single entity. ZnO-Au nanocomposites can be used as stable photocatalysts with excellent reusability and possible industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 4787 KiB  
Article
Temperature and Ambient Band Structure Changes in SnO2 for the Optimization of Hydrogen Response
by Petros-Panagis Filippatos, Anastasia Soultati, Nikolaos Kelaidis, Dimitris Davazoglou, Maria Vasilopoulou, Charalampos Drivas, Stella Kennou and Alexander Chroneos
Inorganics 2023, 11(3), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11030096 - 27 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1348
Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) is one of the most used materials for sensing applications operating at high temperatures. Commonly, “undoped SnO2” is made by precursors containing elements that can have a deleterious impact on the operation of SnO2 sensors. [...] Read more.
Tin dioxide (SnO2) is one of the most used materials for sensing applications operating at high temperatures. Commonly, “undoped SnO2” is made by precursors containing elements that can have a deleterious impact on the operation of SnO2 sensors. Here, we employ experimental and theoretical methods to investigate the structural properties and electronic structure of the rutile bulk and surface SnO2, focusing on unintentional doping due to precursors. Unintentional doping from precursors as well as intrinsic doping can play an important role not only on the performance of gas sensors, but also on the properties of SnO2 as a whole. The theoretical calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with hybrid functionals. With DFT we examine the changes in the electronic properties of SnO2 due to intrinsic and unintentional defects and we then discuss how these changes affect the response of a SnO2-based gas sensor. From an experimental point of view, we synthesized low-cost SnO2 thin films via sol–gel and spin-coating processes. To further enhance the performance of SnO2, we coated the surface with a small amount of platinum (Pt). The crystalline structure of the films was analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while for the determination of the elements contained in the sample, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of temperature on the band structure of SnO2 in air, in a vacuum and in nitrogen and hydrogen chemical environments. To optimize the response, we used current–voltage characterization in varying environments. The aim is to associate the response of SnO2 to various environments with the changes in the band structure of the material in order to gain a better understanding of the response mechanism of metal oxides in different pressure and temperature environments. We found that the resistance of the semiconductor decreases with temperature, while it increases with increasing pressure. Furthermore, the activation energy is highly affected by the environment to which the thin film is exposed, which means that the thin film could respond with lower energy when exposed to an environment different from the air. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2699 KiB  
Article
Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 Semiconductors Using Urea as an Energy Efficient Fuel
by Desta R. Golja, Francis B. Dejene, Megersa K. Hussen and Jung Yong Kim
Inorganics 2023, 11(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020048 - 17 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
The τ-phase Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 alkaline earth silicate powders were synthesized using the solution combustion technique. For this purpose, metal nitrate–urea mixtures were used as an oxidant and a fuel. Urea’s main function was to help lower the nominal combustion [...] Read more.
The τ-phase Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 alkaline earth silicate powders were synthesized using the solution combustion technique. For this purpose, metal nitrate–urea mixtures were used as an oxidant and a fuel. Urea’s main function was to help lower the nominal combustion temperature (~550 °C) of the mixtures through exothermic reactions, leading to a relatively mild post-annealing temperature (~750 °C). If the urea concentration increased, the interconnected silicate particle size decreased with nanoscale crystallite (average, 33 ± 3 nm), affecting optical properties. Finally, the photoluminescence spectra suggested that the light emission was through trap sites, because the emitted blue and green lights (2.6 and 2.3 eV, respectively) were smaller than the bandgap (~3.2 eV) of the Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 semiconductor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 26336 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide as an Inorganic Hole Transport Layer in Mixed Halide Perovskite Structures Using SCAPS 1-D
by Nitin Ralph Pochont and Yendaluru Raja Sekhar
Inorganics 2023, 11(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010003 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1747
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as superior third-generation (III-gen) thin-film energy harvesting structures with high efficiency, optical properties and light transmission ability. However, the need to develop cost-effective, stable and sustainable PSCs is allied to the influence of the absorber layer and [...] Read more.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as superior third-generation (III-gen) thin-film energy harvesting structures with high efficiency, optical properties and light transmission ability. However, the need to develop cost-effective, stable and sustainable PSCs is allied to the influence of the absorber layer and charge selective transport layers when achieving semi-transparent (ST) structures. Using SCAPS simulation software that can envisage the conceptuality in devising ST PSCs, this work explores and reports the electrical performance of different methylammonium (MA)-based perovskite structures (FTO/TiO2/PCBM/SnO2/MAPbI3/TiO2:N/PTAA/Spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT: PSS/Ag). The influence of absorber thickness and defect density is analyzed with optimal parameters. This research reports a novel idea that replaces the polymeric hole transport layer (HTL), such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS and PTAA with an air-stable inorganic metal oxide, viz., nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:N). The simulation results depict an attainable power conversion efficiency of 9.92%, 10.11% and 11.54% for the proposed structures with the novel HTL that are on par with polymeric HTLs. Furthermore, the maximum allowable absorber thickness was 600 nm with a threshold defect density of 1 × 1015 cm−3. The optimized electrical parameters can be implemented to develop thin-film light transmission perovskite cells with rational power conversion efficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 6344 KiB  
Article
UV–Vis Transparent Conductive Film Based on Cross-Linked Ag Nanowire Network: A Design for Photoelectrochemical Device
by Peiling Ren, Youqing Wang, Menghan Liu, Miaomiao Zhang, Wenxuan Wu, Hongjun Wang and Daobin Luo
Inorganics 2022, 10(10), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10100164 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
The FTO/ITO transparent conductive films currently used in photoelectrochemical devices limit performance improvement due to their low conductivity, poor flexibility, and inability to transmit UV light. Ag nanowire-based films are a very promising alternative to address these problems, and are considered to be [...] Read more.
The FTO/ITO transparent conductive films currently used in photoelectrochemical devices limit performance improvement due to their low conductivity, poor flexibility, and inability to transmit UV light. Ag nanowire-based films are a very promising alternative to address these problems, and are considered to be the next generation in transparent conductive film. Here, we prepared a cross-linked nano-network composed of ultra-long Ag nanowires by a special physical template method. The obtained Ag nanowire transparent conductive film has a transmittance of over 80% in a wide range of 200 nm–900 nm, a sheet resistance as small as 5.2 Ω/sq, and can be easily transferred to various substrates without damage. These results have obvious advantages over Ag nanowire films obtained by traditional chemical methods. Considering the special requirements of photoelectrochemical devices, we have multifunctionally enhanced the film by a TiO2 layer. The heat-resistant temperature of transparent conductive film was increased from 375 °C to 485 °C, and the mechanical stability was also significantly improved. The presence of the multifunctional layer is expected to suppress the carrier recombination in self-powered photoelectrochemical devices and improve the electron diffusion in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, while serving as a seed layer to grow active materials. The high-quality Ag nanowire network and functional layer synergize to obtain a UV–Visible transparent conductive film with good light transmittance, conductivity, and stability. We believe that it can play an important role in improving the performance of photoelectrochemical devices, especially the UV devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Oxide Semiconductors)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop