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Molecular Adaptation Mechanisms of Plants to Environmental Stress

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1192

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: plant ecophysiology; photosynthesis; biotic stress; abiotic stress; antioxidative mechanisms; photoprotective mechanisms; reactive oxygen species
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global climate change increases the frequency and intensity of weather conditions, thereby accelerating the adverse effects of environmental stress on plants. Plants can adapt to these environmental stresses, such as drought, high temperatures, high salinity, and heavy metal pollution, by undergoing molecular, cellular, and physiological changes. These changes include gene regulation, protein synthesis, and alterations in metabolism and structure. Examples include activating stress response genes, producing protective proteins, and altering membrane composition. Plants use molecular mechanisms such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to dissipate excess light energy as heat; reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging to eliminate harmful ROS; photoprotective protein synthesis; and reorganization of thylakoids and protein complexes to safeguard photosynthetic machinery from damage caused by environmental stresses. Consequently, plants display a range of responses to tolerate and survive the adverse environmental conditions, adapting to biotic or abiotic stresses by using stress-sensing mechanisms and triggering signal transduction pathways, involving transcription factors and phytohormones, to activate stress-responsive genes. These adaptive responses to different stresses are interconnected via multiple stress perception and signaling pathways that exhibit crosstalk at various steps. Thus, improving our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the plant responses to the adaptation to environmental stresses could lead to the development of plants that are better adapted to different environmental stresses. This would, in turn, increase crop productivity and improve food security in the face of climate change.

Prof. Dr. Michael Moustakas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • signal perception
  • signal transduction
  • post-translational modifications
  • stress response genes
  • reactive oxygen species
  • osmoprotectant
  • antioxidants
  • plant hormones
  • stress-related proteins
  • climate change
  • biotic stress
  • abiotic stress

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 1687 KB  
Article
Generation and Characterization of a Genetically Modified Zea mays Line with a Knockdown of Hypoxia-Dependent microRNA775A
by Dmitry N. Fedorin, Anna E. Khomutova, Alexander T. Eprintsev and Abir U. Igamberdiev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 2943; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27072943 - 24 Mar 2026
Viewed by 373
Abstract
Hypoxia-dependent microRNAs play an important role in orchestrating a plant’s response to low-oxygen stress. To assess the regulatory mechanisms of the adaptive response of maize (Zea mays L.) to hypoxia, an antisense sequence was developed, and the short tandem target mimic (STTM) [...] Read more.
Hypoxia-dependent microRNAs play an important role in orchestrating a plant’s response to low-oxygen stress. To assess the regulatory mechanisms of the adaptive response of maize (Zea mays L.) to hypoxia, an antisense sequence was developed, and the short tandem target mimic (STTM) system was used to induce the loss of function of the mature microRNA775A (miR775a) in maize. A recombinant binary vector pBI121 cloned in E. coli cells containing the antisense sequence anti-miR775A to maize miR775A was acquired to create a line of modified A. tumefaciens EHA105. Using the puncturing method on soaked seeds, maize plants with an active anti-miR775A construct were obtained, as evidenced by a decrease of more than 10-fold in mature miR775A content and by developmental changes in the seedlings. The size of seedlings of the maize knockdown line was almost twice smaller than that of the wild-type (WT) plants. An assessment of the effects of hypoxic conditions induced by flooding of 14-day-old maize plants revealed differences in the expression and activity of several enzymes between WT and knockdown plants. The reduced miR775A levels led to a 2.1-fold drop in pyruvate levels, which resulted in decreased pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities as compared to WT plants. A decrease in miR775A content in the maize knockdown cell line also affected the function of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial isoenzymes of citrate synthase, aconitase, and fumarase under hypoxic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Adaptation Mechanisms of Plants to Environmental Stress)
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