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Molecular Biomarkers in Cancers: Advances and Challenges, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 1794

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Guest Editor
Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
Interests: oncology; research; pharmacology; ethics; cancer; cardiology; diabetes; innovation; regulatory
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are several diagnostic techniques and procedures currently used for the diagnosis of cancer. Although computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound technology are considered gold-standard procedures for the detection of cancer, they are often associated with an undesirably high level of false positives, are also expensive, present accessibility issues, and involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Most of the non-imaging techniques for cancer detection are employed to corroborate biomarkers that are overexpressed in cancer cells. A number of assays have been developed to measure protein, microRNA, circulating DNA, and methylated DNA biomarkers in the blood for the detection of cancer. In addition, biopsies for molecular and biomarker diagnosis have also been utilized, but they are invasive and uncomfortable for patients. While these approaches have clinical value that is more specific to late-stage cancer, they have limited value for the early detection of cancer. Accordingly, the identification of highly specific and highly selective novel molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis that also provide information on staging of the disease is warranted. In this Special Issue, we describe the pros and cons of current molecular approaches used in the diagnosis of cancer, as well as the technical advances in and challenges for establishing molecular biomarkers for determining the risk, detection, and progression of cancer.

Dr. Paramjit S. Tappia
Dr. Bram Ramjiawan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • cancer staging
  • diagnostic tools
  • novel biomarkers
  • proteomics
  • molecular markers
  • metabolic profiling
  • prognostic value

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7295 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of BCL9 and TPX2 in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Survival
by Michał Kasperczak, Iga Kołodziejczak-Guglas, Filip Kasperczak, Maciej Wiznerowicz and Andrzej Antczak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094114 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 160
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a kidney cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Identifying new prognostic markers is crucial. This study investigates the potential of BCL9 and TPX2, two proteins involved in cancer progression, to predict patient outcomes This [...] Read more.
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a kidney cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Identifying new prognostic markers is crucial. This study investigates the potential of BCL9 and TPX2, two proteins involved in cancer progression, to predict patient outcomes This study analyzed protein abundance data from the CPTAC cohort (110 ccRCC and 84 NAT samples) using LC-MS/MS. BCL9 and TPX2 were validated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (52 ccRCC samples). Patients were stratified into high- and low-expression groups based on IHC scores. Survival analyses were conducted, and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was performed. BCL9 and TPX2 were significantly upregulated in ccRCC compared to NAT. In the validation cohort, high BCL9 levels were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) but not OS, while high TPX2 levels correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) but not PFS. Pathway analysis linked BCL9 to Wnt signaling and TPX2 to cell cycle regulation. Elevated BCL9 and TPX2 are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. These proteins are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers in Cancers: Advances and Challenges, 2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 5008 KiB  
Article
Semen sEV tRF-Based Models Increase Non-Invasive Prediction Accuracy of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer among Patients with Moderately Altered PSA Levels
by Adriana Ferre-Giraldo, Manel Castells, José Francisco Sánchez-Herrero, Olga López-Rodrigo, Maurizio de Rocco-Ponce, Lluís Bassas, Francesc Vigués, Lauro Sumoy and Sara Larriba
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810122 - 20 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1459
Abstract
PSA screening has led to an over-diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and unnecessary biopsies of benign conditions due to its low cancer specificity. Consequently, more accurate, preferentially non-invasive, tests are needed. We aim to evaluate the potential of semen sEV (small extracellular vesicles) [...] Read more.
PSA screening has led to an over-diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and unnecessary biopsies of benign conditions due to its low cancer specificity. Consequently, more accurate, preferentially non-invasive, tests are needed. We aim to evaluate the potential of semen sEV (small extracellular vesicles) tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs) as PCa indicators. Initially, following a literature review in the OncotRF database and high-throughput small RNA-sequencing studies in PCa tissue together with the sncRNA profile in semen sEVs, we selected four candidate 5′tRF tsRNAs for validation as PCa biomarkers. RT-qPCR analysis in semen sEVs from men with moderately elevated serum PSA levels successfully shows that the differential expression of the four tRFs between PCa and healthy control groups can be detected in a non-invasive manner. The combined model incorporating PSA and specific tRFs (5′-tRNA-Glu-TTC-9-1_L30 and 5′-tRNA-Val-CAC-3-1_L30) achieved high predictive accuracy in identifying samples with a Gleason score ≥ 7 and staging disease beyond IIA, supporting that the 5′tRF fingerprint in semen sEV can improve the PSA predictive value to discriminate between malignant and indolent prostate conditions. The in silico study allowed us to map target genes for the four 5′tRFs possibly involved in PCa. Our findings highlight the synergistic use of multiple biomarkers as an efficient approach to improve PCa screening and prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers in Cancers: Advances and Challenges, 2nd Edition)
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