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Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Pathologies, and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 807

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: cardiovascular disease; insulin resistance; diabetes; glucose metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves conditions including coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure, and it is a leading cause of global mortality. At the molecular level, atherosclerosis plays a central role, driven by dysregulated lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Genetic factors, such as mutations in genes related to lipid metabolism, also contribute to CVD risk.

Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective treatments for CVD. This Special Issue will focus on key areas such as the role of lipid metabolism dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis; the impact of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) overactivation in hypertension; and the contribution of myocardial fibrosis and neurohormonal imbalances to heart failure. Additionally, it will address genetic factors influencing CVD risk and the implications for personalized medicine. Apart from develop diagnostic tools, we aim to highlight innovative therapeutic strategies that target these molecular pathways, including novel pharmacological interventions, gene therapies, and lifestyle modifications.

Dr. Vaia Lambadiari
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endothelial dysfunction
  • lipids
  • inflammation
  • genetic mutations
  • atherosclerosis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 799 KiB  
Article
Endothelial Function and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
by Vaia Lambadiari, Sotirios Pililis, Stamatios Lampsas, Aikaterini Kountouri, John Thymis, Loukia Pliouta, Melpomeni Peppa, Sophia Kalantaridou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos and Ignatios Ikonomidis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(12), 5488; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125488 - 7 Jun 2025
Viewed by 661
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease. This study investigates the relationship between endothelial function, insulin resistance, and hormonal profiles in women with PCOS. Forty women with PCOS were included: metformin (n = 20), GLP1-RAs (n = 10), and [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease. This study investigates the relationship between endothelial function, insulin resistance, and hormonal profiles in women with PCOS. Forty women with PCOS were included: metformin (n = 20), GLP1-RAs (n = 10), and oral contraceptive pills (n = 10). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and the 0, 60, and 120 min insulin, glucose, and endothelial functions were evaluated. The postprandial and fasting state Matsuda Index and HOMA Index were measured. All measurements were performed at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. At baseline, the percentage change in the Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) was associated with the percentage change in glucose at 120 min of the OGTT (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). The Matsuda Index, Homa Index, and testosterone levels were associated with the PBR (2.91 ± 0.1 μm) at 120 min of the OGTT (r = 0.41, r = 0.38 and r = 0.28, respectively). MMP9 levels were associated with the Matsuda and Homa Index (r = 0.45, p < 0.05 and r = 0.41, p < 0.05, respectively). At the 6-month follow-up, all the participants presented improvements of the Matsuda Index (7 ± 0.31 vs. 9.1 ± 0.2), Homa Index (5.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.91 ± 0.1), MMP9 (210 ± 30 vs. 178 ± 28 ng/mL), and testosterone levels (44.2 ± 5 vs. 39.1 ± 2 ng/dL) compared to the baseline (p < 0.05 for all the comparisons). Patients who received GLP1-RA agonists presented the greatest improvement in MMP9 levels. Postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and testosterone levels are associated with an impaired glycocalyx thickness in women with PCOS. Full article
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