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Molecules and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress Relevant in the Pathophysiology of Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 3460

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As an imbalance in redox signalling, oxidative stress can negatively affect biological molecules and functions. Pathophysiology, as a response to biological and functional damage, involves the mechanisms underlying diseases because of alterations in cells, tissues, and organs.

Here, we will study the involvement of oxidative stress in driving the processes that lead to disease manifestation, homeostatic responses to disease, and disease progression.

We welcome contributions related to the pro-oxidant action of iron and/or oxygen, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, inflammation, human disease, cell injury, and oxidative damage.

Dr. Cinzia Signorini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • redox-active iron
  • reactive oxygen species
  • antioxidants
  • oxidative damage
  • biomarkers
  • degenerative disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 11368 KB  
Article
Co-Supplementation of Policosanol and Banaba Leaf Extract Exhibited a Cooperative Effect Against Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Zebrafish: Highlighting Vital Organ Protection Against High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet
by Kyung-Hyun Cho, Sang Hyuk Lee, Yunki Lee, Ashutosh Bahuguna, Ji-Eun Kim and Cheolmin Jeon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167669 - 8 Aug 2025
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Abstract
The efficacy of Lagerstroemia speciosa (banaba) leaf extract (BLE), policosanol (POL), and their combination (BLE+POL) was evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) against high cholesterol (HC)- and galactose (HG)-induced metabolic stress and organ toxicity. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, BLE+POL significantly [...] Read more.
The efficacy of Lagerstroemia speciosa (banaba) leaf extract (BLE), policosanol (POL), and their combination (BLE+POL) was evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) against high cholesterol (HC)- and galactose (HG)-induced metabolic stress and organ toxicity. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, BLE+POL significantly reduced HC+HG-augmented weight gain and improved hepatic and nephromegaly. Compared with BLE or POL alone, the combined intake of BLE+POL more effectively alleviated dyslipidemia and blood glucose levels. Likewise, BLE+POL effectively reduced blood malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and boosted plasma sulfhydryl content, ferric ion reduction ability (FRA), and paraoxonase (PON) activity. Histological outcomes suggest that BLE+POL has higher efficacy than either BLE or POL in mitigating HC+HG-induced fatty liver changes, hepatic inflammation, kidney senescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Consistently, BLE+POL augmented the spermatozoa counts in the testes, enhanced mature vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries, and protected them from the HC+HG-induced oxidative stress. Compared with either BLE or POL, a combined intake of BLE+POL displayed a superior effect in inhibiting the apoptosis and accumulation of lipid peroxidation species 4-hyrdoxynonenal (4-HNE) in the brain. A combined intake of BLE+POL exhibited a pronounced impact than the BLE and POL alone and can be utilized as an effective formulation to counteract the HC+HG-induced events. Full article
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11 pages, 769 KB  
Article
Sperm Motility Is Modulated by F4-Neuroprostane via the Involvement of Ryanodine Receptors
by Cinzia Signorini, Elena Moretti, Laura Liguori, Caterina Marcucci, Thierry Durand, Jean-Marie Galano, Camille Oger and Giulia Collodel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7231; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157231 - 26 Jul 2025
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Abstract
F4-Neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs), oxidative metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid, act as bioactive lipid mediators enhancing sperm motility and induce capacitation-like changes in vitro. Their biological action is proposed to involve sperm ion channels, in particular ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which regulate intracellular [...] Read more.
F4-Neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs), oxidative metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid, act as bioactive lipid mediators enhancing sperm motility and induce capacitation-like changes in vitro. Their biological action is proposed to involve sperm ion channels, in particular ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which regulate intracellular calcium homeostasis. We evaluated the effects of dantrolene, a RyR inhibitor, on motility and vitality of a selected spermatozoa at different concentrations (10, 30, 50, 100 μM). Then sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and RyR localization following co-incubation with dantrolene (D50 or D100 μM) and 4-/10-F4t-NeuroPs (7 ng) were investigated. Acrosomal status was assessed using Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) staining and RyR localization by immunofluorescence. D50 was identified as the minimum effective dose to induce significant reductions in sperm motility. F4-NeuroPs significantly increased rapid progressive motility versus controls. Co-incubation with F4-NeuroPs + D50 reduced rapid motility and increased in situ and circular movement. The acrosome staining appeared altered or absent to different percentages, and RyR localization was also seen in the midpiece. These findings suggested that F4-NeuroPs enhance sperm motility via RyR-mediated pathways, as confirmed by dantrolene inhibition. Accordingly, our results underscore the physiological relevance of RyRs in sperm function and suggest new insights into lipid-based mechanisms regulating sperm motility. Full article
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