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Fatty Acid Oxidation, Lipid Mediators and Dietary Fatty Acids in the Molecular Mechanisms of Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 3034

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: isoprostanes; neuroprostanes; markers of oxidative stress; oxidative stress in human diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oxidative metabolism of fatty acids plays a crucial role in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, both as enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation.

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediators, biomarkers of oxidative lipid damage and the supplementation of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, are of great interest for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting different systems.

Therefore, targeted monitoring of fatty acid oxidation is an important issue in molecular diagnosis and assessment of disease progression and clinical severity.

The Special Issue is open to topics on signaling pathways, biomarkers and modulation of fatty acid oxidation in disease. The submission of high-quality papers on human disease and animal model studies is encouraged. Both original research articles and reviews on these topics are welcome. It is worth noting that the International Journal of Molecular Sciences encourages the inclusion of results at the molecular level.

Dr. Cinzia Signorini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fatty acid oxidation
  • inflammation
  • lipid mediators
  • lipid metabolism
  • omega-3 fatty acids
  • oxidative stress
  • dietary supplementation
  • animal models
  • human diseases

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
The Combined Use of Cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C Is Beneficial for Better Carcass Character and Intestinal Health of Broilers
by Yihong Huang, Aling Lang, Shan Yang, Muhammad Suhaib Shahid and Jianmin Yuan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158396 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
The use of cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C can improve immunity and intestinal health. A two-way factorial design was employed to investigate the main and interactive effects of cinnamaldehyde and vitamin C on the growth, carcass, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total [...] Read more.
The use of cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C can improve immunity and intestinal health. A two-way factorial design was employed to investigate the main and interactive effects of cinnamaldehyde and vitamin C on the growth, carcass, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old female Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four treatment groups, consisting of six replicate cages with 12 birds each. Four treatments were basal diet or control (CON), supplemental cinnamaldehyde (CA) 300 g/ton (g/t), vitamin C (VC) 300 g/t, and cinnamaldehyde 300 g/t, and vitamin C 300 g/t (CA + VC), respectively. The results showed that supplemental CA did not affect the growth performance or slaughter performance of broilers at 21 days (d), 42 days (d), and 1–42 days (d); however, it could improve intestinal barrier function at 42 d of age and reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the intestine at 21 d and 42 d of age. Supplemental VC showed a trend towards increasing body weight gain (BWG) at 21 d (p = 0.094), increased breast muscle rate (at 21-d 5.33%, p < 0.05 and at 42-d 7.09%, p = 0.097), and decreased the abdominal fat (23.43%, p < 0.05) and drip loss (20.68%, p < 0.05) at 42-d. Moreover, VC improves intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function and maintains a balanced immune response. The blend of CA and VC significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD-88) in the intestine at 21 d of age, the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Occludin, Claudin-1, Mucin-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01), and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine at 21-d and 42-d of age, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA in intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01). This study suggested that the combination of CA and VC had the potential to regulate intestinal health and result in better carcass character of broilers. Full article
14 pages, 1914 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplementation with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Delays the Phenotypic Manifestation of Krabbe Disease and Partially Restores Lipid Mediator Production in the Brain—Study in a Mouse Model of the Disease
by Cinzia Signorini, Giovanna Pannuzzo, Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano, Elena Moretti, Giulia Collodel and Venera Cardile
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137149 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 729
Abstract
Lipid mediators from fatty acid oxidation have been shown to be associated with the severity of Krabbe disease (KD), a disorder linked to mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. This study aims to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [...] Read more.
Lipid mediators from fatty acid oxidation have been shown to be associated with the severity of Krabbe disease (KD), a disorder linked to mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. This study aims to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on KD traits and fatty acid metabolism using Twitcher (Tw) animals as a natural model for KD. Wild-type (Wt), heterozygous (Ht), and affected Tw animals were treated orally with 36 mg n-3 PUFAs/kg body weight/day from 10 to 35 days of life. The end product of PUFA peroxidation (8-isoprostane), the lipid mediator involved in the resolution of inflammatory exudates (resolvin D1), and the total amount of n-3 PUFAs were analyzed in the brains of mice. In Tw mice, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs delayed the manifestation of disease symptoms (p < 0.0001), and in the bran, decreased 8-isoprostane amounts (p < 0.0001), increased resolvin D1 levels (p < 0.005) and increased quantity of total n-3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total brain n-3 PUFA levels were associated with disease severity (r = −0.562, p = 0.0001), resolvin D1 (r = 0.712, p < 0.0001), and 8-isoprostane brain levels (r = −0.690, p < 0.0001). For the first time in a natural model of KD, brain levels of n-3 PUFAs are shown to determine disease severity and to be involved in the peroxidation of brain PUFAs as well as in the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. It is also shown that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs leads to a slowing of the phenotypic presentation of the disease and restoration of lipid mediator production. Full article
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15 pages, 3434 KiB  
Article
Olive Flounder By-Product Prozyme2000P Hydrolysate Ameliorates Age-Related Kidney Decline by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
by Myeongjoo Son, You-Jin Jeon, Bomi Ryu and Dae Yu Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094668 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 998
Abstract
This study explores olive flounder by-product Prozyme2000P (OFBP) hydrolysate as a potential treatment for age-related kidney decline. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death linked to iron overload and oxidative stress, is increasingly implicated in aging kidneys. We investigated whether OFBP could inhibit ferroptosis [...] Read more.
This study explores olive flounder by-product Prozyme2000P (OFBP) hydrolysate as a potential treatment for age-related kidney decline. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death linked to iron overload and oxidative stress, is increasingly implicated in aging kidneys. We investigated whether OFBP could inhibit ferroptosis and improve kidney health. Using TCMK-1 cells, we found that OFBP treatment protected cells from ferroptosis induced by sodium iodate (SI). OFBP also preserved the mitochondria health and influenced molecules involved in ferroptosis regulation. In aging mice, oral administration of OFBP significantly improved kidney health markers. Microscopic examination revealed reduced thickening and scarring in the kidney’s filtering units, a hallmark of aging. These findings suggest that OFBP hydrolysate may be a promising therapeutic candidate for age-related kidney decline. By inhibiting ferroptosis, OFBP treatment appears to improve both cellular and structural markers of kidney health. Further research is needed to understand how OFBP works fully and test its effectiveness in more complex models. Full article
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