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Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2023) | Viewed by 19772

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bartłomiej Górski

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Guest Editor

Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: periodontology; periodontal regeneration; guided tissue regeneration; regenerative biomaterials; periodontal plastic surgery; gingival recession; oral surgery; oral implantology; oral microbiology; oral medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease that causes the destruction of periodontal support tissues, which may negatively affect long-term tooth and dental implant prognosis. Gingival recessions, on the other hand, constitute one of the most common esthetic concerns associated with periodontal tissues deficiencies. Consequently, periodontal problems can interfere with patient comfort, function and esthetics. There is also a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. The goal of periodontal therapy is to control the infection and regenerate the structure and function of periodontal tissues. Identification of susceptible subjects and evaluating them for the presence of modifiable risk factors are crucial first steps in developing action plans for proper interventions. Periodontal regeneration can be achieved to a variable extent using different surgical techniques, involving application of various types of bone and soft tissues grafts and/or substitutes, guided tissue regeneration, root surface biomodification, growth and differentiation factors, and combination approaches. The aim of this special issue is to encapsulate current knowledge in terms of the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and implications of common periodontal conditions around teeth and dental implants in order to provide reference for the design of further clinical trials and to develop strategies to counteract their negative effects on our patient's wellbeing.

Dr. Bartlomiej Gorski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

cardiovascular disease
dental implants
gingival recession
growth factors
intra-bony defects
oral health
peri-implantitis
periodontal regeneration
periodontitis
tissue engineering

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Possible Correlation between the Presence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Hairy Tongue Lesion in a Group of Patients in Syria: A Cross-Sectional and Pilot Study

by Dania Sawan, Ammar M. Mashlah, Mohammad Younis Hajeer and Abeer A. Aljoujou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021324 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1822

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the presence of hairy tongue and H. pylori infection in patients referring to their blood test based on the serum levels of anti-H pylori IgG antibodies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine, University of Damascus Dental School, between February 2021 and January 2022. The sample size of 40 patients (23 males, 17 females), whose ages ranged from 20–79 years with a mean age of 41.5 ± 12 years, was calculated using the G*power 3.1.3, with a statistical power of 80% and a significance level of 0.05. The hairy tongue index was assessed by a visual method based on observing the dorsum tongue appearance. Then, a blood test was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori by Immulite 2000 XPi. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 22.0, Chi-square. Results: The prevalence of hairy tongue was higher among males (75%) as compared to females (25%) and was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.026). The hairy tongue lesions were found to be least in the 20–39 age group and most prevalent in the 40–59 age group, without statistically significant correlation. H. pylori infection was detected positive in 70% and negative in 30% of hairy tongue patients, compared to the control group, where the rates were 15% and 85%, respectively, with a statistically significant correlation between infection with H. pylori and hairy tongue (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that the hairy tongue might be considered an indicator of H. pylori infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

11 pages, 2802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Clinical Assessment of Two Modifications of Tunnel Technique in Treatment of Cairo Recession Type 1 in Lower Jaw

by Anna Skurska, Robert Milewski and Małgorzata Pietruska

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16444; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416444 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1456

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare long-term results after using an MCAT (Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel) with an SCTG (Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft) or an MCAT with CM (Collagen Matrices) in the treatment of Cairo recession Type 1 in mandibular single-rooted teeth. Material and method: The study encompassed 80 recessions in 18 patients for whom an MCAT was combined with CM on one side of the mandible and with an SCTG on the contralateral one. The following clinical parameters were measured: gingival recession height (GR) and width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue (KT), gingival thickness (GT), and mean (MRC). Results: The MRC on the CM- and SCTG-treated sides was 55.25% and 82.35%, respectively. The SCTG side had a significantly greater improvement in MRC, GR, RW, KT, and GT compared to the CM side. The five-year results were stable relative to one-year observations. Conclusions: Both methods of treatment enable the achievement of stable long-term clinical results. Application of subepithelial connective tissue grafts is more effective relative to clinical parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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16 pages, 3458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bibliometric Analysis of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry

by Hsin-Ying Yu and Yu-Chao Chang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912545 - 01 Oct 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2331

Abstract

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, has been widely recognized in numerous studies for its performance of wound healing and regeneration in dentistry. However, bibliometric analysis of PRF in dentistry is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to conduct and delineate a bibliometric analysis of the application of PRF and its changing trend in dentistry. All papers concerning PRF up to 30 June 2022 were included in the literature search from the Web of Science Core Collection database. These data were then entered into Microsoft Excel, analyzed by the SAS statistical software, and visualized by the VOSviewer software. A total of 562 articles were retrieved following the exclusive criteria. The results demonstrated that the trend of annual publication increased continually (p for trend < 0.01), more notably in the last five years. The majority of the articles were original (58.01%), followed by reviews (17.08%), and case reports (10.14%). The three major study designs were clinical studies (20.11%), randomized controlled trials (17.62%), and review/meta-analysis (17.08%). PRF was most frequently employed in oral surgery (31.14%), periodontal regeneration (22.42%), and implant therapy (18.68%). Turkey (16.19%), India (12.28%) and China (7.12%) were the top 3 countries publishing PRF studies. By comparing the total number of publications, total citation counts and varying counting methods, a combination of numerous counting methods was suggested for use since each counting method yields different results. Taken together, we hope with these informative findings, researchers could focus on the future direction or advancement in PRF, laying a foundation for evidence-based dentistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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15 pages, 1176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Ultrasonic Method and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Combined with Intraoral Scanning and Prosthetic-Driven Implant Planning Method in Determining the Gingival Phenotype in the Healthy Periodontium

by Magdalena Bednarz-Tumidajewicz, Aneta Furtak, Aneta Zakrzewska, Małgorzata Rąpała, Karolina Gerreth, Tomasz Gedrange and Wojciech Bednarz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12276; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912276 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1569

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two diagnostic methods: ultrasonic gingival thickness measurement (UGTM) and cone-beam computed tomography, intraoral scanning by computer-aided design technology with prosthetic-driven implant planning software (CBCT/CAD/PDIP) in determining the gingival phenotype (GP). Thirty periodontally healthy patients were examined. The ultrasonic device Pirop G^® with a frequency of 20 MHz and CBCT/CAD/PDIP were used to measure gingival thickness at upper canines and incisors in three points localized midbuccally, namely free gingival thickness (FGT), supracrestal (SGT) and crestal (CGT). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were measured using periodontal probe. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner agreement and agreement between methods were evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses. Comparing both methods in the determination of SGT (bias = 0.17 mm, SD = 0.25 mm, p < 0.000) and CGT (bias = −0.45 mm, SD = 0.32 mm, p < 0.000) 95.0% and 95.6% agreement were found, respectively, and in the FGT range only 93.3% (bias = −0.45 mm, SD = 0.32 mm, p < 0.000). The presence of positive correlations between WKT and SGT was shown. A positive correlation between SGT and WKT confirms the purpose of measuring these parameters for the evaluation of the GP. Both the ultrasonic method and cone-beam computed tomography combined with intraoral scanning and prosthetic-driven implant planning method were useful in determining gingival phenotype, however, the ultrasonic method was more accurate for measuring GT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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17 pages, 2510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laterally Positioned Flap Procedure with Augmented or Nonaugmented Palatal Connective Tissue Grafts in the Treatment of Multiple Adjacent Gingival Recessions: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

by Wojciech Bednarz, Jennifer Majer, Justyna Pakuszyńska-Błaszczyk, Marzena Dominiak, Tomasz Gedrange and Agata Zielińska-Pałasz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912208 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3031

Abstract

The most commonly used technique for covering gingival recessions is the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique due to its high success rate. In clinical situations where there is less keratinized tissue apical to the defect due to unfavorable anatomical conditions, a more advantageous technique for this situation should be considered, specifically the laterally positioned flap (LPF). The aim of this study was to compare the gingival thickness after gingival recession coverage using the laterally positioned flap supported by an augmented and non-augmented connective tissue graft (CTG). Thirty-four patients with 105 gingival recessions of Miller’s class I and/or II were enrolled in this study. The method of choice was the laterally positioned flap. The test group was treated with previously augmented CTG harvested from the palatal mucosa while the control group was treated with a non-augmented CTG. Clinical measurements were recorded at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention. Clinical results showed a statistically more significant percentage of average and complete gingival recession coverage in the test group. The LPF in combination with an augmented CTG proves to be an effective alternative to the CAF. Greater improvement in gingival thickness was observed in the LPF with augmented CTG than in non-augmented CTG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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10 pages, 567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Sinus Floor Augmentation with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Versus Allogeneic Bone Graft on Stability of One-Stage Dental Implants: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial

by Aida Karagah, Reza Tabrizi, Parinaz Mohammadhosseinzade, Monirsadat Mirzadeh, Maryam Tofangchiha, Carlo Lajolo and Romeo Patini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9569; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159569 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2071

Abstract

Rehabilitation of an edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants is challenging, and sinus floor augmentation could be considered as an important surgical procedure for bone augmentation in this region before implant placement. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a new-generation platelet concentrate with simplified processing: its application in sinus floor augmentation has been widely investigated in literature. However, the biological properties and actual efficacy of this product remain controversial. This study assessed the effect of sinus floor augmentation with PRF versus freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) on stability of one-stage dental implants. This split-mouth randomized clinical trial evaluated 10 patients who required bilateral sinus floor augmentation. PRF and L-PRF membrane were used in one quadrant while FDBA and collagen membrane were used in the other quadrant. Implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) immediately, and 2, 4, and 6 months after implant placement. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was compared over time and between the two groups using repeated measures ANOVA and independent sample t-test. The mean ISQ significantly increased over time in both groups (p < 0.001). The increase was greater in the PRF group (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, PRF yielded superior results compared with FDBA regarding the stability of one-stage dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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10 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Condition of the Oral Cavity in the Adult Polish Population below 70 Years of Age after Myocardial Infarction—A Case–Control Study

by Marcin Szerszeń, Bartłomiej Górski and Jan Kowalski

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127265 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1467

Abstract

According to recent scientific consensus, there is an increasing amount of evidence on the correlation between oral health and cardiovascular disease morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the number of missing teeth, the presence of residual roots with necrotic pulp and teeth with caries, the type of teeth deficiencies, and periodontal status in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 151 patients after MI and 160 randomly selected controls without history of MI were enrolled in the study. Epidemiological data were collected, and dental examination was performed. Findings showed significantly more women, subjects with lower level of education, lower income, higher percentage of nicotine addiction, more frequent presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, and obesity than in the study group. Moreover, oral status of the subjects who suffered from MI was inferior to the control group. An average patient from the study group had 11 missing teeth, when compared to four missing teeth in an average control subject (p < 0.0001). The majority of patients in the control group had occlusal contacts in intercuspal position in premolars and molars (group A), in contrast to the patients after MI, who had at least one missing supporting zone (group B) (p < 0.0001). Severe periodontitis was found in 50.3% of tests and in 30.4% of controls (p < 0.0001). A correlation was found between the edentulousness and the risk of myocardial infarction after adjusting for other known risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 3.01–7.21; p < 0.0001). This case–control study showed that MI patients had more missing teeth, more residual roots with necrotic pulp, much higher incidence of edentulism and occlusal contacts in intercuspal position in fewer than four occlusal supporting zones, as well as worse periodontal status when compared to healthy subjects without a history of MI. Due to the methodology of unmatched controls, the presented results must be interpreted with caution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

Review

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12 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bone Remodeling during Orthodontic Movement of Lower Incisors—Narrative Review

by Edyta Kalina, Anna Grzebyta and Małgorzata Zadurska

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15002; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215002 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2309

Abstract

The tooth movement in the alveolus is possible due to bone remodeling. This process could be the risk factor for the formation of gingival recessions—the most common side effects of orthodontic therapy. Gingival recessions are found 5.8–11.5% more frequently among the orthodontically treated patients. What is more, anterior mandibular teeth are the ones most prone to gingival recession dehiscences and fenestrations. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate, based on CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) scans, the changes in the alveolar bone of lower incisors in adolescent and adult patients after orthodontic tooth movements. From the pool of 108 publications, a total of 15 fulfilled the criteria of this review. Both retrospective and prospective longitudinal studies—using CBCT or CT (Computed Topography) and evaluating alveolar bone changes in mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment performed before and after teeth movement—were included. In the group of growing patients, either proclination or retroclination of mandibular incisors led to increase of the distance from CEJ (cementoenamel junction) to marginal bone crest. The difference in bone loss was greater on the lingual side of the incisors in both types of tooth movement. The results were similar for adults patients. The thickness of the alveolar bone was reduced after proclination (total bone thickness) among growing and non-growing patients and retraction (lingual and buccal) of lower anterior teeth in the group of growing patients. The only improvement was measured for buccal thickness of mandibular incisor in bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction therapy. The control of retraction movement (more root than crown movement) enhanced preservation on bone height and thickness. In order to minimize possible deterioration and place teeth in the center of alveolus, CBCT monitoring and scrupulous clinical evaluation are recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

11 pages, 1016 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dental Implant Treatment in Patients Suffering from Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review

by Bartłomiej Górski

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8397; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148397 - 09 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2647

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the complications and survival rates of dental implants placed in patients suffering from oral lichen planus (OLP) and to present recommendations for implant treatment in this group of patients through a narrative review of the published studies. Methods: A search of the literature was conducted using four databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus with a stop date of May 2022. Results: Eighteen studies were evaluated. The results showed that dental implant survival rates in patients with OLP were similar to those reported in the general population. Moreover, the existing literature seemed to imply that OLP is not a suspected risk factor for peri-implant diseases. However, patients suffering from erosive forms of OLP or desquamative gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were more susceptible to developing peri-implant diseases; in addition, oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in a few cases of OLP. Conclusion: With the limitations of this narrative review, dental implants may be regarded as a safe and feasible therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with well-controlled OLP. These patients should be monitored carefully during follow-up care. Well-designed prospective trials are required to validate the present findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications and Future Prospects for Periodontal Therapy around Teeth and Dental Implants)

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