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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 30107

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Edyta Suliga

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Guest Editor

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
Interests: human nutrition; nutritional epidemiology; health behaviors; obesity; anthropometric indices, body composition; metabolic syndrome

Dr. Elżbieta Cieśla

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Guest Editor

Department of Public Health, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
Interests: health behaviors; physical activity; motor skills; obesity; anthropometric indices; body composition; advanced statistical analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world has transitioned to an era in which, globally, more people are obese than underweight. In 2014, about 266 million men and 375 million women in the world were obese, compared to 34 million men and 71 million women in 1975 [NCD-RisC, Lancet 2016]. Thus, the obesity epidemic is one of the most serious challenges for global public health. Overweight and obesity account for a significant proportion of chronic non-communicable diseases, shortening life expectancy and deteriorating the quality of life.

The etiology of obesity is highly complex and includes genetic, physiological, environmental, socioeconomic, and psychological factors that interact in varying degrees to promote its development. Individual eating styles can play an important role in excessive weight gain. Scientists and clinicians are constantly looking for causes, effective methods of prevention and treatment of obesity, and thus, a chance to improve the length and quality of life of many patients around the world. However, our understanding of what interventions are most effective in the treatment of obesity is still limited.

This Special Issue entitled “Nutrition Styles and Obesity” aims to highlight current scientific knowledge in the field of the etiopathogenesis and therapy of obesity. This Issue welcomes the submission of manuscripts that either describe original research or review scientific literature, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Prof. Dr. Edyta Suliga
Dr. Elżbieta Cieśla
Guest Editors

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Keywords

body composition
anthropometric indices
energy expenditure
diet
dietary patterns
eating styles
dietary behaviors
nutrition knowledge
socioeconomic status

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Relation to Dietary Habits as Early Indicator of Cardiovascular Impairment in Young Adult Cohort

by Nikolina Kolobarić, Maja Gradinjan Centner, Petar Šušnjara, Anita Matić and Ines Drenjančević

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(24), 9208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249208 - 9 Dec 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6101

Abstract

Adjusted dietary assessment questionnaire was used to determine dietary habits of medical students which were related to biochemical and anthropometric markers of studied cohort. Thirty-seven young and healthy volunteers aged 19–28 years old entered the protocol and were divided according to sex and according to residence. Subjects were given questionnaires for tracking food/beverage consumption. Venous blood samples were taken after overnight fast (n = 32). Nutrient status and energy consumption were determined and analyzed. Study population had normal weight and body mass index (BMI). Biochemical characteristics were within normal reference range, while some participants had lipid profile disbalance. Men had significantly higher BMI than women. Average BMI was significantly higher in participants with elevated cholesterol levels compared to participants with normal cholesterol levels. Majority of participants consumed less than five meals per day with no major differences between students according to residence and sex. Men had significantly higher protein intake and consumed at least four meals daily compared to woman who had three or less meals daily with no differences in intake according to residence. Students with normal lipid profile consumed more carbohydrates than students with increased cholesterol. Results suggest that students with bad dietary habits have potentially higher risk for future cardiovascular problems, even before the onset of adverse effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Styles and Obesity)

14 pages, 369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet Quality Compared to the Nutritional Knowledge of Polish, German, and Slovakian University Students—Preliminary Research

by Edyta Suliga, Elżbieta Cieśla, Sven Michel, Helena Kaducakova, Titus Martin, Grzegorz Śliwiński, Alexander Braun, Marcela Izova, Maria Lehotska, Dorota Kozieł and Stanisław Głuszek

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 9062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239062 - 4 Dec 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3412

Abstract

The eating habits of students differ significantly from those recommended by health practitioners. The aim of this study was to find differences related to diet quality and knowledge on nutrition among Polish, German, and Slovakian students as well as to examine which factors differentiate the diet quality of students from these three countries. The study was conducted on a group of 394 university students from Poland, Germany, and Slovakia. The assessment of diet quality and knowledge on food and nutrition was done with the use of the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire. The diet of German students was characterized by a significantly higher consumption of legume-based foods, vegetables, and fruit compared to Polish students and Slovakian participants (p < 0.001). The diet of the Poles was characterized by a high consumption of cured meat, smoked sausages, hot dogs, white bread and bakery products, butter, fried foods, and energy drinks. The most important factors significantly associated with diet quality involved the country, place of residence, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, and time spent watching TV or using a computer. Polish students were characterized by the highest level of knowledge on food and nutrition (p < 0.001). However, it was not reflected in their diet. The authorities of universities should aim to provide students with access to canteens on campuses which would offer the possibility of consumption of both affordable and healthy meals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Styles and Obesity)

15 pages, 1154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Gut Hormones and Body Composition in Males with Obesity

by Hassane Zouhal, Reza Bagheri, Raoua Triki, Ayoub Saeidi, Alexei Wong, Anthony C. Hackney, Ismail Laher, Katsuhiko Suzuki and Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155600 - 3 Aug 2020

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 9365

Abstract

We studied the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on gut hormones (leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin) in males with obesity. Thirty sedentary males were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (EG, n = 15) or a control group (CG, n = 15). The EG group completed their Ramadan fasting rituals (30 days), whereas the CG continued with their normal daily habits. Blood samples were collected at four time points: 24 h before the start of Ramadan (T0), on the 15th day of Ramadan (T1), the day after the end of Ramadan (T2) and 21 days after Ramadan (T3). There were significant pre-to-post improvements for leptin (p = 0.01, d = 1.52), GLP-1 (p = 0.022, d = 0.75), PYY (p = 0.031, d = 0.69) and CCK (p = 0.027, d = 0.81) in the EG, with no interaction effect for ghrelin (p = 0.74; d = 0.008). No significant changes (p > 0.05) occurred in plasma volume variations (ΔPV) after RIF in both EG (−0.03 ± 0.01%) and CG (0.06 ± 0.07%). RIF represents an effective strategy to modify appetite-regulating hormones, leading to improved body composition indices and reduced obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Styles and Obesity)

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11 pages, 1179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Metabolic Changes in Adults with Obesity

by Stanisław Głuszek, Arkadiusz Bociek, Edyta Suliga, Jarosław Matykiewicz, Magdalena Kołomańska, Piotr Bryk, Przemysław Znamirowski, Łukasz Nawacki, Martyna Głuszek-Osuch, Iwona Wawrzycka and Dorota Kozieł

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155342 - 24 Jul 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2972

Abstract

Methods of treating obesity, such as changes in lifestyle, physical activity, restrictive diets, and psychotherapy, are not sufficient. Currently, it is considered that in the case of patients who meet the eligibility criteria for surgery, the treatment of choice should be bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the weight loss and metabolic changes in a group of adults with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. The study involved 163 patients whose body mass index (BMI) exceeded 40 or 35 kg/m², concurrent with at least one metabolic sequelae. In 120 of the cases (74%), sleeve gastrectomy was used; in 35 (21%), gastric banding was used; and in 8 (5%), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was used. Metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglycerides, and glucose were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as the creatinine, creatine kinase (CK-MB), and leptin activity. In patients undergoing bariatric surgery, a significant decrease in excess weight (p < 0.001) was observed at all the analyzed time points, compared to the pre-surgery value. Weight loss after surgery was associated with a significant improvement in glycemia (109.6 ± 48.0 vs. 86.6 ± 7.9 mg/dL >24 months after surgery; p = 0.003), triglycerides (156.9 ± 79.6 vs. 112.7 ± 44.3 mg/dL >24 months after surgery; p = 0.043) and leptin (197.50 ± 257.3 vs. 75.98 ± 117.7 pg/mL 12 months after surgery; p = 0.0116) concentration. The results of the research confirm the thesis on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in reducing excess body weight and improving metabolic parameters in patients with extreme obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Styles and Obesity)

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Review

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15 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessReview

Preliminary Trajectories in Dietary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Public Health Call to Action to Face Obesity

by Roberta Zupo, Fabio Castellana, Rodolfo Sardone, Annamaria Sila, Vito Angelo Giagulli, Vincenzo Triggiani, Raffaele Ivan Cincione, Gianluigi Giannelli and Giovanni De Pergola

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(19), 7073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197073 - 27 Sep 2020

Cited by 105 | Viewed by 7687

Abstract

The world is currently struggling to face the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), and many countries have imposed lockdowns and recommended quarantine to limit both the spread of the virus and overwhelming demands for medical care. Direct implications include the disruption of work routines, boredom, depression, increased calorie consumption, and other similar harmful effects. The present narrative review article briefly analyzes the preliminary effects of the quarantine lifestyle from the standpoint of dietary habits. In six different databases, we searched for original articles up to 10 August 2020, assessing eating habits among populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and recorded any change in the intake of major food categories, as well as changes in body weight. The research strategy yielded 364 articles, from which we selected 12 articles that fitted our goal. Our preliminary findings revealed a sharp rise of carbohydrates sources consumption, especially those with a high glycemic index (i.e., homemade pizza, bread, cake, and pastries), as well as more frequent snacks. A high consumption of fruits and vegetables, and protein sources, particularly pulses, was also recorded, although there was no clear peak of increase in the latter. Data concerning the consumption of junk foods lacked consistency, while there was a decreased alcohol intake and fresh fish/seafood consumption. As a possible connection, people gained body weight. Therefore, in the realistic perspective of a continuing global health emergency situation, timely preventive measures are needed to counteract obesity-related behaviors in the long-term, so as to prevent further health complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Styles and Obesity)

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