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Geosciences
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Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and...
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Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Sedimentology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2022) | Viewed by 11816

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luigi Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena MO, Italy
Interests: stratigraphy; sedimentology; quaternary; geological mapping; paleosol stratigraphy
Dr. Bruno Campo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Univesity of Bologna, 40126 Bologna BO, Italy
Interests: sedimentology; stratigraphy; aquifer characterization; palaeoenvironmental reconstruction; silicoclastic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alluvial and coastal plains worldwide are densely populated regions, which have experienced massive urbanization in the last decades. Subsurface investigation of these areas is crucial to a number of applications, including exploitation of natural resources; planning of new infrastructures; and mitigation of geological risk related to earthquakes, river flooding, and marine inundations.

In recent decades, there have been rapid improvements in techniques of subsurface investigation at different temporal and spatial scales using core and well-log correlation and geophysical surveys. In this scenario, Quaternary successions sparked interest among stratigraphers as formidable modern analogues for the interpretation of ancient strata. Quaternary studies are advantaged by (i) dating methods with high temporal resolution, (ii) poor tectonic deformation and limited diagenesis, (iii) source areas that do not experience substantial modifications, and (iv) fossil species comparable to modern bio-assemblages. All these aspects allow reliable reconstructions of paleoenvironments and the assessment of the impact of distinct controlling factors on sediment deposition and preservation.

This Special Issue focuses on the recent advances in Quaternary stratigraphy of alluvial and coastal plains, with emphasis on (i) the methods of data acquisition, interpretation, correlation and interpolation; (ii) the use of multiproxy analysis for paleoenvironmental reconstructions; (iii) the discrimination of global and local forcing factors on sedimentation; and (iv) the possible application of the outcomes of Quaternary stratigraphy (e.g., reservoir characterization, land management in different climate change scenarios, and assessment of liquefaction hazards).

Dr. Luigi Bruno
Dr. Bruno Campo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Quaternary stratigraphy
  • Alluvial plains
  • Coastal plains
  • Subsurface investigation methods
  • Controlling factors
  • Paleoenvironmental reconstructions
  • Applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 11091 KiB  
Article
Evolution of the Po–Alpine River System during the Last 45 Ky Inferred from Stratigraphic and Compositional Evidence (Ostiglia, Northern Italy)
by Luca Demurtas, Luigi Bruno, Stefano Lugli and Daniela Fontana
Geosciences 2022, 12(9), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090342 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
The stratigraphic and compositional study of three sediment cores recovered close to the Po River near Ostiglia provides clues on changes in fluvial dynamics at the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial. Upper Pleistocene units are dominated by sands with [...] Read more.
The stratigraphic and compositional study of three sediment cores recovered close to the Po River near Ostiglia provides clues on changes in fluvial dynamics at the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial. Upper Pleistocene units are dominated by sands with high content in volcanic lithics, denoting high sediment supply from the south-Alpine fluvio-glacial tributary system. The Early–Mid Holocene unit, peat-rich and barren in fluvial sands, results from low sediment supply and waterlogging, encompassing the maximum marine ingression. The Late Holocene unit, characterized by fluvial-channel sands with lower content in volcanics and relatively abundant metamorphic lithics, records the Po River sedimentation since the Late Bronze Age. Late Holocene sands show a lower content in siliciclastic lithic fragments (supplied mainly by Apennine tributaries) compared to modern Po River sands. This distinctive composition could reflect the diversion of Apennine sediments into a southern Po River branch during the Late Bronze Age and into an Apennine collector flowing south of Ostiglia during Roman times and the Middle Ages. The integrated stratigraphic-compositional methods used in this study permitted to reconstruct the major climate-related changes in sediment dispersal and may be potentially applied to other alluvial and coastal settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications)
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19 pages, 23707 KiB  
Article
Quaternary Coastal Landscape Evolution and Sea-Level Rise: An Example from South-East Sicily
by Salvatore Distefano, Fabiano Gamberi, Laura Borzì and Agata Di Stefano
Geosciences 2021, 11(12), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11120506 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Coastal depositional environments are the site of complex interactions between continental and marine processes. Barrier islands are highly dynamic coastal systems, typical of these transitional environments, and are affected by sea level changes and the accumulation of transgressive deposits with the landwards migration [...] Read more.
Coastal depositional environments are the site of complex interactions between continental and marine processes. Barrier islands are highly dynamic coastal systems, typical of these transitional environments, and are affected by sea level changes and the accumulation of transgressive deposits with the landwards migration of the coast. The offshore of Marzamemi (Syracuse Province, Sicily), in the south-eastern portion of the Hyblean foreland, represents an excellent site for the study of transgressive deposits and their connection with the sea-level changes. The available dataset consisted of new high-resolution bathymetry (Multibeam), whose description and interpretation through a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was integrated with a grid of eighteen seismic profiles (SPARKER). In the investigated bathymetric range, from about −5 m to −60 m, a sensibly different morphological setting between the northern and southern sectors was evident. Within the whole study area, three bathymetric contours (−45 m, −35 m and −20 m) were identified and assumed as the markers of the main locations of the paleo-coastlines during the recent changes in the sea level. Along the northern sector, three submerged barrier-lagoon systems developed on a calcarenite substratum, marking important steps of the Late Quaternary sea-level rise. They coexisted with numerous karst forms (poljes and dolines). In the southern sector the transgressive environmental evolution was significantly different and submerged lagoons did not form. Here the outcropping calcarenite substratum was affected by the development of paleo-rivers and karsts structures, a tract in common along with many Mediterranean carbonate coastal areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications)
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20 pages, 2309 KiB  
Article
A Long-Term Record of Quaternary Facies Patterns and Palaeonvironmental Trends from the Po Plain (NE Italy) as Revealed by Bio-Sedimentary Data
by Veronica Rossi, Alessandro Amorosi, Giulia Barbieri, Stefano Claudio Vaiani, Matteo Germano and Bruno Campo
Geosciences 2021, 11(10), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11100401 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
Understanding Quaternary dynamics of delta-coastal plains across multiple glacial-interglacial cycles in the Milankovitch band (~100 kyrs) is crucial to achieve a robust evaluation of possible environmental response to future climate-change scenarios. In this work, we document the long-term bio-sedimentary record of core 204 [...] Read more.
Understanding Quaternary dynamics of delta-coastal plains across multiple glacial-interglacial cycles in the Milankovitch band (~100 kyrs) is crucial to achieve a robust evaluation of possible environmental response to future climate-change scenarios. In this work, we document the long-term bio-sedimentary record of core 204 S16 (~205 m long), which covers a wide portion of the post-MPR (Mid-Pleistocene Revolution) interval, taking advantage of the highly subsiding context of the SE Po Plain (NE Italy). Detailed facies characterization through an integrated sedimentological and meiofauna (benthic foraminifers and ostracods) approach allowed for the identification of a repetitive pattern of alluvial deposits alternating with four fossiliferous, paralic to shallow-marine units (Units 1–4). The transgressive surfaces identified at the base of these units mark major flooding events, forced by Holocene (Unit 4), Late Pleistocene (Unit 3) and Middle Pleistocene (Units 1, 2) interglacials. Distinct stratigraphic patterns typify the Middle Pleistocene interval, which includes coastal-marine (tidal inlet and bay) deposits. In contrast, lagoonal sediments record the maximum marine influence in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene succession. As a whole, the meiofauna tracks a regressive trend, with the deepest conditions recorded by the oldest Unit 1 (MIS 9/11 age?). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications)
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17 pages, 5141 KiB  
Article
Holocene Sea-Level Changes in Southern Brazil Based on High-Resolution Radar Stratigraphy
by Eduardo Guimarães Barboza, Sergio Rebello Dillenburg, Matias do Nascimento Ritter, Rodolfo José Angulo, Anderson Biancini da Silva, Maria Luiza Correaa da Camara Rosa, Felipe Caron and Maria Cristina de Souza
Geosciences 2021, 11(8), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080326 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
This paper focuses on high-resolution coastal stratigraphy data, which were revealed by the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system. Surveys performed with GPR on the surface of prograded barriers reveal patterns of reflections that allow the interpretation of the geometry and stratigraphy of coastal [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on high-resolution coastal stratigraphy data, which were revealed by the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system. Surveys performed with GPR on the surface of prograded barriers reveal patterns of reflections that allow the interpretation of the geometry and stratigraphy of coastal deposits in a continuous mode. At the Curumim prograded barrier in southern Brazil (29°30′ S–49°53′ W), a two-dimensional transverse GPR survey revealed, with high precision, a serial of contacts between aeolian deposits of relict foredunes and relict beach deposits that have a strong correlation with sea level. In a 4 km GPR profile, a total of 24 of these contacts were identified. The high accurate spatial positioning of the contacts combined with Optical Stimulated Luminescence dating resulted in the first confident sea-level curve that tells the history of sea-level changes during the last 7 ka on the southernmost sector of the Brazilian coast. The curve shows that sea-level was still rising before 6 ka BP, with a maximum level of 1.9 m reached close to 5 ka BP; after that, sea-level started to falling slowly until around 4 ka BP when fall accelerated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications)
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19 pages, 13510 KiB  
Article
Distribution of Holocene Marine Mud and Its Relation to Damage from the 1923 Earthquake Disaster in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan
by Susumu Tanabe, Yoshiro Ishihara, Toshimichi Nakanishi, Jan Stafleu and Freek S. Busschers
Geosciences 2021, 11(7), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070272 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
Tokyo, which is located near the boundary between the North American and Philippine Sea plates, has been frequently struck by large earthquakes throughout the Holocene. The 1923 Taisho Kanto Earthquake is a rare historical earthquake that can be reconstructed in detail because abundant [...] Read more.
Tokyo, which is located near the boundary between the North American and Philippine Sea plates, has been frequently struck by large earthquakes throughout the Holocene. The 1923 Taisho Kanto Earthquake is a rare historical earthquake that can be reconstructed in detail because abundant datasets were collected by investigations performed just after the earthquake. We examined 13,000 borehole logs from the Tokyo and Nakagawa lowlands to clarify the distribution and thickness of incised-valley fills and soft marine mud that had accumulated since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on a grid with a resolution of 150 m × 150 m. We compared these datasets with the distribution of wooden house damage ratios caused by the Taisho Kanto Earthquake. Our results showed that the thickness of the soft mud, but not that of the incised-valley fills, was strongly correlated with the wooden house damage ratio. The mud content was >60%, water content was >30%, and S-wave velocity was ca. 100 m/s in the soft Holocene marine mud. The wooden house damage ratio was highest where the soft mud thickness was 20 m, because in those areas, both the soft mud and the wooden houses resonated with a natural period of ca. 1 s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alluvial and Coastal Plains: Recent Advances and Potential Applications)
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