Innovative Microbiological Technologies and Applications in Fermented Food Products for the International Conference on Traditionally Fermented Foods in the World—2024 Acetic Acid Bacteria and Monascus (2024-AAB&M)

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 4390

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
Interests: fermentation technology; food technology; acetic acid bacteria; vinegar
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Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: foods and beverages fermentation; acetic acid bacteria; biopolymers; bacterial cellulose; valorization of agro-industrial wastes via fermentation
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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: food rheology; food texture; innovative approach to traditional foods typing; sustainable extension of food shelf-life; emerging technologies for grape, milk, and cereal derivatives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biotechnology has not only been a key field of work in the context of what we know as the third industrial revolution, but together with other fields of work such as computing, digitalization, robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and other areas, it will play a fundamental role in what has been called the fourth industrial revolution, in which the physical, biological and digital worlds are sure to become increasingly interrelated. It is common to find advances in biotechnology in the top 10, which are periodically selected from among those likely to have the greatest influence on society today and in the future.

Among the multiple capacities and potentials of biotechnology, reference can be made to the selection of new microorganisms and the development of bioprocesses with which new products can be obtained and/or existing ones can be optimized; among these bioproducts, foodstuffs can be highlighted. Advances in various techniques, such as omics, now allow us to analyze the activity of genes, the concentration of all proteins, and cell metabolites, which allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular aspects of the processes we work with. This knowledge is essential to optimize the production of bioproducts and the development of new ones, while making better use of available natural resources.

In previous editions of this conference, the main microorganisms considered were acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and their products, among which vinegar stands out. In this conference, AAB will continue to play an important but not exclusive role. The microbial world responsible for food production is very complex, and it is common to find complex microbiota that are responsible for the transformations we require to produce multiple foods. For this reason, bringing together specialists in the production of fermented food, both traditional and non-traditional, is an opportunity to share experiences and increase the possibility of finding novel solutions.

Therefore, in this Special Issue, we aspire to collect papers, based on scientific communications presented at the conference, dealing with any aspect related to food production via fermentation,  except Monascus (for any aspect and/or product related to Monascus, a separate Special Issue has been proposed to which manuscripts should be sent).

By way of example, and without intending to be exhaustive, some aspects of interest include the following:

- Traditional foods;

- Food and health;

- Taxonomy and phylogenesis;

- Genetics and molecular biology;

- Biochemistry and physiology;

- Selection of new microorganisms;

- Characterization of complex microbiotas;

- Improvement and optimization of existing processes;

- Omics technologies;

- Development of sensors for monitoring fermentation;

- Exploitation of natural resources and development of new foods;

- Control of contaminants and improvement of food safety;

- Development of new microorganisms;

- Others.

Prof. Dr. Isidoro Garcia-Garcia
Dr. Maria Gullo
Prof. Dr. Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fermented foods
  • traditional foods
  • acetic acid bacteria
  • other microorganisms
  • complex microbiota
  • food and health
  • food safety
  • omics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 3903 KiB  
Article
Effects of Monascus pilosus SWM 008-Fermented Red Mold Rice and Its Functional Components on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health in Rats
by Pei-Xin Yang, Chen-Ru You, Yun-Hsuan Lin, Chia-Shu Wang, Ya-Wen Hsu, Tzu-Ming Pan and Chun-Lin Lee
Foods 2025, 14(4), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040651 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 832
Abstract
Red mold rice, fermented by Monascus spp., has been reported to modulate gut microbiota composition and improve metabolic health. Previous studies indicate that red mold rice can reduce cholesterol, inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation, and enhance bile acid excretion, while also altering gut microbiota [...] Read more.
Red mold rice, fermented by Monascus spp., has been reported to modulate gut microbiota composition and improve metabolic health. Previous studies indicate that red mold rice can reduce cholesterol, inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation, and enhance bile acid excretion, while also altering gut microbiota under high-fat dietary conditions. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are directly due to Monascus-derived products modulating gut microbiota or are a consequence of improved metabolic health conditions, which indirectly influence gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Monascus pilosus SWM 008 fermented red mold rice and its components—monascin, monascinol, ankaflavin, and polysaccharides—on gut microbiota and metabolic health in rats fed a normal diet. Over eight weeks, physiological, biochemical, and gut microbiota parameters were assessed. Results showed no significant changes in body weight or liver/kidney function, confirming safety. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that red mold rice, monascin, monascinol, and polysaccharides significantly altered gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Ligilactobacillus murinus, and Duncaniella dubosii. Functional predictions indicated enhanced vitamin K2 biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and other metabolic pathways linked to improved gut health. In conclusion, Monascus pilosus SWM 008 fermented red mold rice demonstrated safety and beneficial effects, suggesting its potential as a functional food to maintain gut microbiota balance under normal dietary conditions. Full article
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20 pages, 5610 KiB  
Article
Comparative Proteomics of Two Flor Yeasts in Sparkling Wine Fermentation: First Approach
by Juan C. García-García, Teresa García-Martínez, Juan J. Román-Camacho, Juan Moreno and Juan C. Mauricio
Foods 2025, 14(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14020282 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 742
Abstract
The traditional method is considered the highest-quality sparkling wine making technique. Its main characteristic is that the entire sparkling transformation takes place in the bottle, producing complex, refined wines with fine, persistent bubbles. Currently, the second fermentation in the bottle is initiated by [...] Read more.
The traditional method is considered the highest-quality sparkling wine making technique. Its main characteristic is that the entire sparkling transformation takes place in the bottle, producing complex, refined wines with fine, persistent bubbles. Currently, the second fermentation in the bottle is initiated by a few commercially available strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This lack of yeast diversity leads to a predominant uniformity in the sensory profiles of the final products and a lack of distinctive wines. The aim of the present study is to compare the proteomic profiles of the first flor yeast strain (G1) on the market for the production of high-quality sparkling wines with a new flor strain (N62) selected for its specific characteristics for potential use in sparkling wine production, such as flocculation, tolerance to high ethanol concentrations, and β-Glucosidase-positivity, which is valuable for improving wine aroma complexity. The results showed that these strains behaved differently in the middle fermentation tested: the strain that reached 3 atmospheres faster was strain N62, which achieved higher growth, viability, glycerol content, and volatile acidity. In G1, a higher ethanol content was reached, and lower growth and viability were observed. Key protein data support the relationship between these differences, and the proteomic analysis could show that strain N62 had a higher abundance of proteins related to protein synthesis, such as PAB1, TEF2, and RPL25; DAK1, GPP1, and GPP2 are involved in glycerol synthesis and PDC6 and ALD4 in acetate synthesis. In the case of G1, the abundance of ADHI is associated with ethanol production and cell wall proteins with YGP1, EXG1, SCW11, PST1, CIS3, and PIR3, while the onset of autophagy is associated with PRC1, PRB1, ATG42/YBR139W, PRE8, PRE9, and PUP2. Full article
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23 pages, 5998 KiB  
Article
Correlating Microbial Dynamics with Key Metabolomic Profiles in Three Submerged Culture-Produced Vinegars
by Juan J. Román-Camacho, Inés M. Santos-Dueñas, Isidoro García-García, Teresa García-Martínez, Rafael A. Peinado and Juan C. Mauricio
Foods 2025, 14(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010056 - 28 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 761
Abstract
Although vinegar is a product obtained by a well-known bioprocess from a technical point of view, the complex microbiota responsible for its production and their involvement in the organoleptic profiles are not clear yet. In this work, three acetification profiles in submerged culture [...] Read more.
Although vinegar is a product obtained by a well-known bioprocess from a technical point of view, the complex microbiota responsible for its production and their involvement in the organoleptic profiles are not clear yet. In this work, three acetification profiles in submerged culture using both synthetic and raw materials from Andalusia (Spain) were characterized by metagenomic (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) and metabolomic tools (stir-bar sorptive extraction with thermo-desorption coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC−MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)). A total of 29 phyla, 208 families, and many more genera were identified, comprising bacteria and archaea as well as 75 metabolites, including minor volatile compounds, amino acids, biogenic amines, and other nitrogenous compounds. It can be concluded that Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter were not only the predominant genera but also the ones that most influenced vinegar metabolite profiles by using different metabolic strategies for mutual collaboration, and together with other microbial groups, some of them were previously practically unknown in vinegar. These results can be of interest not only to deepen the basic knowledge about vinegar but also to the vinegar industry by elucidating microbial succession and the key associated metabolites. Full article
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14 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Protein Profile of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Immobilized in Biocapsules for Use in Fermented Foods
by Juan C. García-García, Miguel E. G-García, Juan C. Mauricio, Juan Moreno and Teresa García-Martínez
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3871; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233871 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 926
Abstract
Yeast biocapsules are a novel immobilization technology that could be used in fermentation processes. They are spherical structures consisting of yeast cells encapsulated and attached to the hyphae of a filamentous fungus. Yeast biocapsules offer a cutting-edge approach to cell immobilization, with significant [...] Read more.
Yeast biocapsules are a novel immobilization technology that could be used in fermentation processes. They are spherical structures consisting of yeast cells encapsulated and attached to the hyphae of a filamentous fungus. Yeast biocapsules offer a cutting-edge approach to cell immobilization, with significant potential for advancing fermented food production. By enhancing fermentation control, improving product quality, and increasing process efficiency, these biocapsules represent a key innovation in food fermentation technology, particularly in the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. Proteomic analysis of two-dimensional gels was carried out to study changes in proteins expressed in (i) co-immobilized yeast cells, and (ii) free-format yeast cells. This analysis showed that the proteins expressed in co-immobilized yeast cells played critical roles in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis, and translation, whereas the proteins expressed by free yeast cells were mainly related to glycolysis. These findings suggest a defense response of the co-immobilized yeast against fungal interactions, involving regulatory mechanisms at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. This study opens new avenues for exploring yeast–fungus co-immobilization, including stress responses, the nature of the binding polymers, and the proteomics of biocapsules. Additionally, investigating natural co-immobilization mechanisms between various microorganisms could uncover further biotechnological applications and biocatalytic activities. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 1044 KiB  
Review
Mezcal: A Review of Chemistry, Processing, and Potential Health Benefits
by Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes, Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio, Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne, Fernanda Sarahí Fajardo-Espinoza and Humberto Hernández-Sánchez
Foods 2025, 14(8), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14081408 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 327
Abstract
Mezcal is a Mexican alcoholic beverage elaborated by the distillation of fermented maguey (Agave genus) juice. In Mexico, there is an extensive variety of fermented beverages that embody many of the cultural traditions of this country. They are associated with environmental factors, [...] Read more.
Mezcal is a Mexican alcoholic beverage elaborated by the distillation of fermented maguey (Agave genus) juice. In Mexico, there is an extensive variety of fermented beverages that embody many of the cultural traditions of this country. They are associated with environmental factors, naturally occurring microbiota, and the local availability of raw materials. Fermentation processes for the elaboration of ancestral beverages are an antique technology used by ethnic groups since pre-Hispanic times; however, these beverages are currently being studied with renewed attention as a source of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. An important sector of these products is Agave beverages, such as pulque, tequila, and mezcal. Despite the increasing demand for the last beverage, there are still relatively few studies about the chemistry, biotechnology, and health benefits of mezcal. The main aspects considered in this document are the definitions used in the mezcal industry, characteristics of wild and cultivated Agave species and varieties, mezcal elaboration technology (including juice extraction, fermentation, distillation, and aging), and potential health benefits related to mezcal, including prebiotics and probiotics, and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and alcohol. These compounds can make mezcal a potentially functional beverage when consumed moderately. Full article
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