Bioactive Compounds in Plant Foods: Implications for the Gut Microbiota and Human Health

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2026 | Viewed by 4090

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Interests: food science and technology; food safety; antimicrobials; microbiology; biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Interests: biological chemistry; antioxidants; anti-inflammatories; bioactive compounds; polyphenols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Interests: food science and technology; biochemistry; food safety; antimicrobials; microbiology; biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and herbs) are rich sources of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, and prebiotics. These compounds influence the gut microbiota composition and function, which in turn modulates human health through microbial metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitters). Understanding how bioactive compounds in plant foods interact with the gut microbiota opens new avenues for preventing and managing chronic diseases.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions related to this subject, with topics including the following:

  • Mechanisms of Interaction Between Bioactive Compounds and Gut Microbiota
    • Modulation of microbial diversity: growth promotion of beneficial bacteria and inhibition of pathogens.
    • Metabolic transformations: microbial bioconversion of polyphenols into absorbable metabolites.
    • SCFA production: fermentation of dietary fiber into butyrate, propionate, and acetate, which regulate immune function and gut barrier integrity.
  • Impact on Gut Microbiota Composition
    • Prebiotic effects: selective stimulation of beneficial microorganisms.
    • Antimicrobial effects: suppression of harmful bacteria (e.g., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli).
    • Gut microbiota resilience: role in maintaining microbial stability under stressors (antibiotics, high-fat diets, aging).
  • Health Implications
    • Metabolic health: obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome via microbiota-mediated pathways.
    • Gastrointestinal disorders: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer prevention.
    • Neurodegenerative and mental health: gut–brain axis modulation (e.g., polyphenols and serotonin production).
    • Cardiometabolic benefits: cholesterol reduction, blood pressure regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Dr. Célia C. G. Silva
Dr. Daniela Ribeiro
Dr. Susana Isabel Chaves Ribeiro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • gut microbiota
  • health benefits
  • active nutrition
  • prebiotics
  • microbiota modulation
  • inflammatory diseases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4646 KB  
Article
Metabolomic Characterization of Baby Spinach Phenolics Transformation During Gastrointestinal Digestion and Microbiome-Mediated Metabolism
by Akhtar Ali and Leqi Cui
Foods 2026, 15(11), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15111893 - 27 May 2026
Viewed by 207
Abstract
Gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation determine phenolic transformation and reciprocal microbiome modulation, influencing the generation of gut-derived metabolites associated with epithelial integrity, inflammatory regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Baby spinach phenolics possess antioxidant and microbiome-modulating potential; however, their functional efficacy is constrained by storage-induced [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation determine phenolic transformation and reciprocal microbiome modulation, influencing the generation of gut-derived metabolites associated with epithelial integrity, inflammatory regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Baby spinach phenolics possess antioxidant and microbiome-modulating potential; however, their functional efficacy is constrained by storage-induced degradation and limited gastrointestinal bioaccessibility. This study investigated phenolic transformation in fresh and stored baby spinach (4 °C and 25 °C) during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and subsequent colonic fermentation. Standardized in vitro digestion revealed limited phenolic bioaccessibility (10–15%), with storage at 25 °C accelerating oxidative degradation and reducing antioxidant capacity. Storage at 25 °C reduced TPC from approximately 465 to 265 µg GAE/g and decreased antioxidant activity by nearly 30%, whereas refrigerated storage (4 °C) better preserved phenolic stability and antioxidant capacity throughout the storage period. LC–MS/MS–based untargeted metabolomics characterized digestion-driven structural remodeling and identified diverse colonic metabolites generated during human fecal fermentation. Despite storage-induced alterations in precursor phenolics, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated microbiome relative microbial stability, with fermentation time exerting a stronger influence on community assembly than storage conditions. Microbial metabolism produced shared downstream metabolites, particularly phenylpropionic and flavonoid-derived intermediates. These results suggest that storage modifies phenolic availability during digestion, while gut microbial metabolism sustains the production of functionally relevant metabolites. Full article
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23 pages, 10475 KB  
Article
Flavonoids from Ficus pandurate var. angustifolia W.C. Cheng Restore Cognitive Impairment and Regulate the Gut Microbiota in Sleep-Deprived Mice
by Haochen Dai, Songmei Luo and Xin Zhang
Foods 2025, 14(16), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14162888 - 20 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2502
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) induces cognitive impairment associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, making it crucial to explore natural remedies targeting the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study aims to investigate whether Ficus pandurata var. angustifolia W.C. Cheng (a traditional medicine–food plant rich in flavonoids) can mitigate [...] Read more.
Sleep deprivation (SD) induces cognitive impairment associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, making it crucial to explore natural remedies targeting the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study aims to investigate whether Ficus pandurata var. angustifolia W.C. Cheng (a traditional medicine–food plant rich in flavonoids) can mitigate cognitive impairment caused by SD by modulating the gut microbiota. The sleep-deprived mouse model was established using the multiple platform water environment method. This study investigated the effects of F. pandurata var. angustifolia flavonoids (FCFs) via behavioral tests, 16S rRNA sequencing, and biochemical analyses to assess cognitive function, gut microbiota, and related pathways. FCF alleviated SD-induced cognitive deficits, reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis (increased beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, reduced harmful ones like Desulfovibrio), promoted short-chain fatty acids production, improved colonic histopathology and intestinal barrier function, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide, inhibited glial cell activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling, and regulated neurotransmitters. In conclusion, FCF ameliorates SD-induced cognitive impairment through regulating gut microbiota, enhancing intestinal barrier, and suppressing neuroinflammation via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, providing a theoretical basis for its application. Full article
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