Advances in Nutrition and Application of Protein and Starch Components in Cereals

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Grain".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 389

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: resistant starch; gut microbiome; food processing; food science; starch-based biopolymer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: starch structure; starch digestion; protein digestion; food nutrition; gut microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cereals represent a staple food in many diets, providing essential nutrients such as starch, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Advances in nutrition research have led to a better understanding of the nutritional benefits of cereals and their components. For instance, studies have shown that the digestibility of plant proteins in cereals such as wheat, maize, and rice is high, making them an excellent source of dietary protein. This special issue invites innovative research and comprehensive reviews to explore the following topics in grain research:

Protein Components:Nutritional Value: Proteins in cereals are an important source of amino acids (including essential amino acids), which are the building blocks of tissues and organs. The high digestibility of cereal proteins makes them readily available for the body to use.

Functional Properties: Proteins in cereals also have functional properties such as emulsifying, gelling, and foaming abilities, which are useful in food processing.

Allergenicity: Some individuals may have allergies to proteins in cereals, such as gluten in wheat, rye, and barley. Therefore, it is important to be aware of potential allergens when consuming cereal-based products.

Starch Components:Energy Source: Starch is the main carbohydrate in cereals and serves as an important source of energy for the body. It is digested and broken down into simple sugars such as glucose, which are absorbed and utilized by cells.

Functional Properties: Starch also has functional properties in food processing, such as thickening and stabilizing food products.

Resistant Starch: Some types of starch in cereals are resistant to digestion and pass through the small intestine unabsorbed. These starches are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids that have beneficial effects on gut health.

Genetic Engineering: Advances in genetic engineering have led to the development of cereal varieties with improved nutritional profiles.

Processing Technologies: Innovations in food processing technologies have improved the utilization of cereal components. Techniques such as fermentation, extrusion, and wet and dry fractionation can alter the functional properties of proteins and starches, making them more suitable for various food applications.

Personalized Nutrition: As research in nutrigenomics progresses, there is potential for personalized nutrition based on an individual's genetic profile. This could lead to tailored cereal-based products that are optimized toward specific nutritional needs and health benefits.

Dr. Fan Xie
Dr. Cheng Li
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • starch
  • protein
  • dietary fiber
  • gut microbiota
  • food processing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 10076 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Peeling on Highland Barley’s Digestive Properties: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights
by Yuting Yan, Xin Gao, Yi Zhang, Fan Xie and Lianzhong Ai
Foods 2025, 14(10), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101686 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
Highland barley is a low-glycemic-index grain, and its slow-digesting starch can help delay or prevent the onset and progression of type Ⅱ diabetes. Peeling processes can alter the composition of highland barley, potentially changing its digestive properties. This study explored how changes in [...] Read more.
Highland barley is a low-glycemic-index grain, and its slow-digesting starch can help delay or prevent the onset and progression of type Ⅱ diabetes. Peeling processes can alter the composition of highland barley, potentially changing its digestive properties. This study explored how changes in nutritional components due to different peeling times (zero, one, two, and three times) affected the digestion and absorption of barley during the gastric and intestinal phases and the utilization of undigested substrates at the distal end of the digestive tract, as well as their impact on fasting blood glucose regulation. The findings indicated that highland barley with fewer peeling times, which retained its outer layer that is rich in dietary fiber, protein, and polyphenols, delayed starch digestion and exhibited better hypoglycemic effects. Compared to unpeeled highland barley, the starch digestion rates of highland barley with one, two, and three peeling times increased by 2.82%, 18.62%, and 26.43% (p < 0.05). Based on microstructure, at the same enzymatic digestion time, starch with fewer peeling times retained a more intact granule structure. In mice with dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism induced by the HFD/STZ method, highland barley with fewer peeling times exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect (6.13 mmol/L and 6.07 mmol/L). Additionally, the highland barley dietary intervention improved the gut microbiota composition in these mice, restoring the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio balance and enriching various probiotics, such as Akkermansia and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, this effect was inversely proportional to the number of peeling times. Full article
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