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Fluids
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Turbulence in Blood Flow
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Turbulence in Blood Flow

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Non-Newtonian and Complex Fluids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 8434

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Khalid M. Saqr

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
2. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, P.O. Box 1029 Alexandria, Egypt
Interests: fluid dynamics; turbulence; physiological flows; hemodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kartik Jain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biofluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: biofluid dynamics; Lattice Boltzmann Method; intracranial aneurysm; cerebrospinal fluid; high-performance computing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Turbulence is one of the long-standing mysteries of classical mechanics. Despite having a statistical framework that describes the characteristics of most homogenous isotropic turbulent flows, there are many scenarios where turbulence is yet to be characterized and comprehended. Turbulence in physiologic flows in general, and in blood flow in particular, is one of these scenarios. In the human circulatory system, turbulence is present both in physiological and pathological conditions. Turbulence affects vascular remodelling, cellular pathophysiology, as well as transport and reactive phenomena in blood flow. This special issue of Fluids is dedicated to the study of turbulence in blood flow. We are pleased to announce the first call for papers on this important topic. Original research articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and methodological reports that involve the study of turbulence in any problem related to blood flow are welcome. The scope of this Special Issue includes all theoretical, analytical, computational, and experimental works that aim at studying turbulence in blood flow. Studies involving patient-specific analyses in biomedical framework are as important to this Special Issue as studies involving generalized fluid mechanics analyses. Studies reporting the characteristics of transition to turbulence in pulsatile flow are of particular interest to this Special Issue, as this is one of the main challenges in the field. Moreover, studies involving non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, where inertial–viscous interactions in turbulent flow are investigated, are also of particular interest to this Issue. Other aspects like turbulence in particle-laden flows and fluid–structure interactions also form one of the major areas of interest, as most of the biofluids have transport overlayed on them, and they interact with structural anatomy, thereby resulting in enhanced fluid mechanical complexity.

Dr. Khalid M. Saqr
Dr. Kartik Jain
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • turbulence
  • biofluid dynamics
  • blood flow
  • hemodynamics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1417 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Forces Impacting Cleavage of Von Willebrand Factor in Laminar and Turbulent Blood Flow
by Alireza Sharifi and David Bark
Fluids 2021, 6(2), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020067 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2368
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric hemostatic protein. VWF is critical in arresting platelets in regions of high shear stress found in blood circulation. Excessive cleavage of VWF that leads to reduced VWF multimer size in plasma can cause acquired von [...] Read more.
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric hemostatic protein. VWF is critical in arresting platelets in regions of high shear stress found in blood circulation. Excessive cleavage of VWF that leads to reduced VWF multimer size in plasma can cause acquired von Willebrand syndrome, which is a bleeding disorder found in some heart valve diseases and in patients receiving mechanical circulatory support. It has been proposed that hemodynamics (blood flow) found in these environments ultimately leads to VWF cleavage. In the context of experiments reported in the literature, scission theory, developed for polymers, is applied here to provide insight into flow that can produce strong extensional forces on VWF that leads to domain unfolding and exposure of a cryptic site for cleavage through a metalloproteinase. Based on theoretical tensile forces, laminar flow only enables VWF cleavage when shear rate is large enough (>2800 s−1) or when VWF is exposed to constant shear stress for nonphysiological exposure times (>20 min). Predicted forces increase in turbulence, increasing the chance for VWF cleavage. These findings can be used when designing blood-contacting medical devices by providing hemodynamic limits to these devices that can otherwise lead to acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbulence in Blood Flow)
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15 pages, 34451 KiB  
Article
Model Verification and Error Sensitivity of Turbulence-Related Tensor Characteristics in Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulations
by Magnus Andersson and Matts Karlsson
Fluids 2021, 6(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010011 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2524
Abstract
Model verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification are essential procedures to estimate errors within cardiovascular flow modeling, where acceptable confidence levels are needed for clinical reliability. While more turbulent-like studies are frequently observed within the biofluid community, practical modeling guidelines are scarce. Verification procedures [...] Read more.
Model verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification are essential procedures to estimate errors within cardiovascular flow modeling, where acceptable confidence levels are needed for clinical reliability. While more turbulent-like studies are frequently observed within the biofluid community, practical modeling guidelines are scarce. Verification procedures determine the agreement between the conceptual model and its numerical solution by comparing for example, discretization and phase-averaging-related errors of specific output parameters. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study presents a comprehensive and practical verification approach for pulsatile turbulent-like blood flow predictions by considering the amplitude and shape of the turbulence-related tensor field using anisotropic invariant mapping. These procedures were demonstrated by investigating the Reynolds stress tensor characteristics in a patient-specific aortic coarctation model, focusing on modeling-related errors associated with the spatiotemporal resolution and phase-averaging sampling size. Findings in this work suggest that attention should also be put on reducing phase-averaging related errors, as these could easily outweigh the errors associated with the spatiotemporal resolution when including too few cardiac cycles. Also, substantially more cycles are likely needed than typically reported for these flow regimes to sufficiently converge the phase-instant tensor characteristics. Here, higher degrees of active fluctuating directions, especially of lower amplitudes, appeared to be the most sensitive turbulence characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbulence in Blood Flow)
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16 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Flow Structures on a Planar Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nozzle at Low and Intermediate Reynolds Number
by Adrián Corrochano, Donnatella Xavier, Philipp Schlatter, Ricardo Vinuesa and Soledad Le Clainche
Fluids 2021, 6(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010004 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
In this paper, we present a general description of the flow structures inside a two-dimensional Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nozzle. To this aim, we have performed numerical simulations using the numerical code Nek5000. The topology patters of the solution obtained, identify four [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present a general description of the flow structures inside a two-dimensional Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nozzle. To this aim, we have performed numerical simulations using the numerical code Nek5000. The topology patters of the solution obtained, identify four different flow regimes when the flow is steady, where the symmetry of the flow breaks down. An additional case has been studied at higher Reynolds number, when the flow is unsteady, finding a vortex street distributed along the expansion pipe of the geometry. Linear stability analysis identifies the evolution of two steady and two unsteady modes. The results obtained have been connected with the changes in the topology of the flow. Finally, higher-order dynamic mode decomposition has been applied to identify the main flow structures in the unsteady flow inside the FDA nozzle. The highest-amplitude dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) modes identified by the method model the vortex street in the expansion of the geometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbulence in Blood Flow)
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